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Министерство образования Российской Федерации
Уральский государственный университет им.
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Указания по выполнению и оформлению контрольных работ
Контрольная работа № 2
для студентов 1 курса
специализация «Менеджмент. Маркетинг. Реклама»
Заочное отделение
Екатеринбург
2006
Составитель
Ответственный редактор
Студенты заочного обучения УрГУ изучают иностранный язык по программе для высших учебных заведений в течение двух лет.
Согласно требованиям программы, студент 1 курса должен к концу учебного года:
1) правильно читать и понимать без словаря все пройденные
в течение года учебные тексты;
2) иметь запас слов в объеме требований средней школы и
запас слов и выражений для активного запоминания из пройденных текстов;
3) уметь сделать лексико-грамматический анализ предложения, содержащего изученные грамматические формы;
4) читать и понимать без словаря новый текст, по трудности
соответствующий пройденным.
Для получения этих знаний и навыков следует:
1)повторить вводный курс (правила чтения) по любому
учебнику для начинающих;
2) прочитать и устно перевести все тексты, помещенные в
«Учебных текстах», обращая внимание на грамматические
явления. Рекомендуется для справок обращаться к "Методическому пособию по грамматике английского языка", которое выдается студентам-заочникам в библиотеке или любому другому учебнику/пособию;
3) выучить слова и выражения для активного запоминания,
помещенные после каждого текста;
4) письменно ответить на вопросы к каждому тексту;
5) выполнить согласно изложенным ниже требованиям контрольные работы № 1 (соответствующий вариант) и № 2;
6) подготовить и сдать дополнительное (внеаудиторное) чтение в объеме 45000 печатных знаков.
Для дополнительного чтения рекомендуются материалы газеты "Moscow News". Можно также использовать (по индивидуальной рекомендации преподавателя на установочной сессии) материалы зарубежных периодических изданий. Сдача дополнительного чтения проводится в часы консультаций. Студент обязан представить тетрадь, куда он выписывает все незнакомые слова, встретившиеся ему в тексте. Для студентов-заочников, проживающих в Екатеринбурге, кафедра проводит консультации раз в неделю по субботам в течение всего учебного года. Кроме этого организованы регулярные консультации во время сессии. После сдачи студентом полной нормы дополнительного чтения в его тетради учета дополнительного чтения делается об этом соответствующая отметка.
Для того чтобы быть допущенным к зачету за 1 курс, студент должен:
1. Выполнить контрольные работы № 1 и № 2, получить на них положительную рецензию и пройти собеседование по ним.
2. Полностью сдать норму дополнительного чтения (45000 печатных знаков).
3. Иметь зачет за практические занятия на зимней и летней
сессии.
К зачету за 1 курс допускаются студенты, выполнившие все вышеперечисленные требования.
На зачете за 1 курс студенту предлагается:
1) читать и переводить без словаря все учебные тексты, изученные в течение года; устно отвечать на вопросы по этим текстам с использованием лексики, предназначенной для активного запоминания;
2) прочитать и понять без словаря незнакомый текст из газеты "Moscow News", содержащий 6-8 незнакомых слов и передать
содержание прочитанного на русском/английском языке.
Выполнение и оформление контрольных работ.
1. На 1 курсе студент должен выполнить контрольную работу № 1 и выслать ее на проверку до 1 ноября и контрольную работу № 2 и выслать ее на проверку до 1 апреля.
2. Контрольные работы № 1 и № 2 даны в 5 вариантах:
студент выполняет вариант согласно последней цифре шифра, т. е. если номера студенческого билета: 1,2 - вариант 1; 3,4 - вариант 2; 5,6
- вариант 3; 7,8 - вариант 4; 9, 0 - вариант 5.
3. Контрольные работы следует выполнять в отдельной тетради.
4. Работу следует писать чернилами (не карандашом), аккуратно, четким почерком; в тетради в клетку пишите через строку.
Оставляйте широкие поля для замечаний рецензента.
5. Выполняйте задания в той последовательности, в которой
они даны, и под указанными номерами.
6. Перепишите текст задания и все исходные данные. Перепишите текст для перевода на левую страницу; на соседней (правой) странице параллельно дайте перевод.
7. Во избежание повторения ошибок выполняйте и высылайте на рецензию лишь одну контрольную работу.
8. После получения проверенной работы внимательно прочитайте замечания рецензента и проанализируйте свои ошибки.
9. Выполненные и зачтенные контрольные работы обязательно сохраняйте и непременно привозите с собой на летнюю сессию.
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить работу № 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы грамматики английского языка.
1. Местоимения some, any, no и их производные.
2. Неправильные глаголы.
3. Пассивный залог.
4. Времена. Формы настоящего (Present), прошедшего (Past) и
будущего (Future) времени групп Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous в действительном и страдательном залогах, изъявительного наклонения.
5. Оборот there is / there are.
6. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
Контрольная работа 2 (второй семестр 1 курса).
Вариант 1.
1.Вставьте some, any, no или их производные.
1. There were … of my friends there.
2. Did you meet … on your way to the University?
3. Mary has … mistakes in her test.
4. How could I know that he was ill? …told me … .
5. Do you know … about Chinese art?
2.Спишите предложения. Подчеркните сказуемое. Определите его время. Переведите предложения.
1. I am sitting in the waiting room at the doctor’s now.
2. Do they want to publish this book in July?
3. On Sunday Agnes and her mother went to the zoo.
4. The weather is so unpredictable these days.
5. She thought that they had quarreled.
3.Напишите следующие глаголы в формах Past Indefinite и Past Participle.
To see, to read, to write, to go, to say, to be, to begin, to do, to get, to know, to leave, to speak, to build, to meet, to teach, to think, to win.
4. Спишите. Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения.
1. Sir Henry won’t be able to get to the airport on time.
2. I have not written the composition. I shall have to write it on Sunday.
3. Could you help me with the translation of this article? I am afraid I cannot do it alone.
4. As soon as the boy was allowed to leave the room, he smiled and ran out to join his friends outside.
5. You must not argue with the boss.
5. Раскройте скобки, выбирая нужную форму глагола.(Passive or Active.)
1. At the station they (were met/met ) by a man from the travel bureau.
2. From the station they will (take/be taken) straight to the hotel.
3. The porter (brought/was brought) your luggage to your room.
4. The key can (leave/ be left) with the clerk downstairs.
5. He (is spoken/speaks) about.
6. Переведите предложения, используя конструкцию there is/ there are.
1.На улице много народа. 2.За вашим домом есть сад? 3.В моем столе ничего нет. 4.В этом журнале есть что-нибудь интересное? 5.В чашке есть молоко, но мало.
7. Спишите и переведите текст.
Television now plays an important role in our life. It is difficult to say if it is good or bad. It is clear that television has advantages and disadvantages.
In the first place television is an entertainment. But it is not only a convenient entertainment. For a family it is more convenient and less expensive to sit comfortably at home than to go out to find entertainment in other places. They don’t have to pay for expensive seats at the theater or cinema. They turn on the TV set and can see interesting films, concerts, football matches.
But some people think that it is bad to watch TV. Those who watch TV need do nothing. We are passive when we watch TV. Television shows us many interesting programmes. But again there is a disadvantage here: we watch TV every evening, and it begins to dominate our lives.
8. Спишите. Отметьте правильный вариант.
1. You … have done it yesterday. Today is too late. a)could b)may c)need d)had to
2. We found his house without … difficulty. a)some b)any c)no d)not a
3. The solution to this problem hasn’t been found yet. It … at the moment. a)is discussing b)is being discussed c)is discussed d)is being discussing
4. You … have told her about it. Now she is very unhappy. a)may not b)were not to c)shouldn’t d)needn’t
5. … a TV set and a CD-player in the room? a)There is b)There are c)Is there d)Are there
6. We … at the Smiths’ for three days when we received your letter. a)were staying b)had been staying c)stayed d)have been staying
7. The waiter had to change the plates several times, … ? a)had he b)hasn’t he c)did he d)didn’t he
8. … are only seven stations on this metro line. a)These b)It c)There d)This
9. There aren’t … fruits at this time of the year. a)some b)any c)no d)none
10. When Mr. Barnett … the letters I typed them. a)dictated b)has dictated c)had dictated d)have dictated
11. I … a big sum of money to buy the furniture for the office. a)is given b)give c)be given d)was given
12. The passengers were tired because they … all night. a)didn’t sleep b)hadn’t slept c)don’t sleep d)won’t sleep
13. … you tell me if this bus goes to Heathrow Airport? a)must b)should c)may d)could
14. English people very seldom … on the underground. They prefer to read newspapers. a)talk b)talks c)is talking d)has talked
15. Excuse me, could you move. I can’t see … . a)something b)anything c)nothing d)none
Вариант 2.
1. Вставьте some, any, no или их производные.
1. You must ask … to help you in this work.
2. If I have … free time, I shall go … tonight.
3. Did you hear … about our plan?
4. Did you say … ? – No, I said … .
5. I have … to tell him.
2. Спишите предложения. Подчеркните сказуемое. Определите его время. Переведите предложения.
1. He had recovered by the time I returned from my leave.
2. The film has been on for a week.
3. If a bill has a majority of votes in the House of Commons it will go before the House of Lords.
4. When I saw her I understood that she was upset by something.
5. He said that many good actors would star in that film.
3. Напишите следующие глаголы в формах Past Indefinite и Past Participle.
To become, to break, to draw, to fight, to give, to hang, to drive, to choose, to hold, to keep, to lay, to lead, to mean, to pay, to put, to ring, to shake.
4. Спишите. Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения.
1.You may be in charge, but it doesn’t give you the right to be rude.
2. It ‘s a most interesting story. He could not possibly have invented it. You must have told him something.
3. Frank had to look for a job when he went back to Chicago.
4. Little children like books with large print.
5. When the World Cup was shown on TV, I was allowed to watch it.
6. Wisdom shouldn’t be spoken about when you are happy.
5. Раскройте скобки, выбирая нужную форму глагола.(Passive or Active.)
1. These events (were followed/ followed) by a wave of strikes.
2. A visitor may (surprise/be surprised) with a great variety of morning and evening papers in England.
3. He can (develop/be developed) his skills as a journalist only by hard work.
4. The doctor will (send/be sent) for at once.
5. Lewis Carroll (is remembered/remembers) not as a mathematician but as the author of “Alice in Wonderland”.
6. Переведите предложения, используя конструкцию there is/ there are.
1. В библиотеке нашего университета много английских книг, а у меня только несколько.
2. Сколько книг зарубежных писателей в вашей домашней библиотеке?
3. В этой книге много юмора.
4. В коллекции моего отца есть несколько старинных марок.
5. На столе была ваза с цветами и фрукты.
7. Спишите и переведите текст.
The Predecessors of American Press.
The periodical press of the USA appeared more than 250 years ago. Its history is usually connected with the first American weekly “Boston News Letter”. The first copy of it came out in April 1704 in Boston.
The paper ”Boston News Letter” was the only paper in the colony during 15 years. Its editor was a postman John Campbell. The editors of the first newspapers in the towns of the colony were mostly postmen because they were the first to get information from abroad. This information dominated in the American newspapers and was from two to six months old.
In some weeklies information of a local character began to appear, and soon occupied the leading place. Home information was limited to the announcements about the arrival and departure of vessels and the time-table of post coaches.
8.Спишите. Отметьте правильный вариант.
1.The typist is away; these papers can’t … now.
a) type b) to type c) have typed d) be typed
2.You … do it now. You can do it tomorrow.
a) mustn’t b) needn’t c) can’t d) may not
3. When David came, everybody … .
a) examined b) was examined c) was examining d) had been examined
4. Martin Eden … by Jack London.
a)wrote b)was written c)has written d) is writing
5. I … the Browns all my life.
a) know b) knew c)have known d) had known
6. The figures … were published in “Times” yesterday.
a)had referred to b) referred to c) will refer d) were referred to
7. If I don’t study for the next test, I … fail it.
a) ought to b) should c) might d) will have to
8.There aren’t … easy ways of learning a foreign language.
a) some b) no c) any d) the
9. … is only one of her books which I have not read.
a) There b) It c) These d) Those
10. Their engagement … in the local newspaper.
a) was announced b) is being announced c) has been announced d) had announced
11. When … you last … to the theatre?
a) did you go b) have you gone c) will you go d) were you going
12. … are fewer days in February than in other months.
a) There b) These c) It d) Those
the time we got to the party, most of the guests …
a) left b) have left c) will left d) had left
14. Where … ? - To the office. - Sorry, I can’t talk to you now.
a)you hurry b)are you hurrying c) do you hurry d) have you hurried
15. We see … way out of this situation.
a) no other b) not any other c) no another d) not the other
Вариант 3.
1. Вставьте some, any, no или их производные.
1. You never ask me … questions. Is everything clear?
2. Have … of the cakes.
3. There is hardly … bread left. Could you go and buy … ?
4. I looked for my newspaper, but I couldn’t find it … .
5. Does … have a change for a pound?
2. Спишите предложения. Подчеркните сказуемое. Определите его время. Переведите предложения.
1. The international economy has experienced a basic change lately.
2. Next year she will have taught English for twenty years already.
3. Every day at five o’clock the homeless black cat came to the back door of the old country house to get something to eat.
4. By the time she came home his younger sister had done all home exercises.
5. The resolution stated that the government would establish control over shipping and railways.
3. Напишите следующие глаголы в формах Past Indefinite и Past Participle.
To hear, to let, to lie, to set, to shine, to take, to wake, to throw, to show, to put, to run, to see, to hurt, to shut, to spread, to tell, to wear.
4. Спишите. Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения.
1. He often has to stay up late in the library getting ready for seminars.
2. In some months he will be able to read English magazines.
3. If a person is unable to vote because he is ill he may be allowed to vote by post.
4. During the cold war Europe had to choose between another war or peaceful coexistence.
5. Each member of the General Assembly is to vote only once.
6. War cannot and must not serve as a means of settling international disputes.
5. Раскройте скобки, выбирая нужную форму глагола.(Passive or Active.)
1. The mob (was broken/broke) all the shop windows in recent riots.
2. They (feed/are fed) the tigers at the zoo twice a day.
3. The author has (written /been written) a special edition for women.
4. The church bells (were rung/rang) as a fire warning.
5. Children under fifteen will not (admit/be admitted).
6. Переведите предложения, используя конструкцию there is/ there are.
1. В аквариуме у Джона было семь рыбок, но кошка съела двух, так что осталось только пять.
2. В этом кувшине молоко.
3. В подвале дома есть мыши. Вчера утром у двери я увидел маленькую мышку.
4. В этом зале есть несколько картин Рембрандта. 5.На площади была огромная толпа народа.
7. Спишите и переведите текст.
Daily newspapers in the major American cities usually contain from 40 to 100 or more pages on weekdays. Daily papers in small cities of 20,0000 people contain about 20 pages on weekdays. Sunday editions of major papers have 200 or more pages. This size is explained by two main reasons. First, a newspaper carries items of interest to everyone - young people and old people, businessmen and workers, buyers and sellers. Second, the selling price is not enough to pay for producing the paper. In order to earn additional money, newspapers sell advertising space to private citizens and business Firms, and a large part of the paper is taken up by advertisements.
8.Спишите. Отметьте правильный вариант.
1. Put … sugar in your tea. a) some b) any c) none d) not any
2. I… my book on the desk a few minutes ago. a) lay b) have lain c) laid d) have laid
3. Do you like … milk with your tea? a) few b) some c) many d) a few
4. I … since breakfast and I’m very tired.
a) travel b) am travelling c) was traveling d) have been travelling
5. You... work hard at your French if you want to pass the exam. a) can b) may c) must d) might
6. Can … help me? I’m totally lost. a) anybody b) nobody c) somebody d) everybody
7. When Richard arrived at the boutique his wife … home. a) had already gone b) has already gone c) already went d) have already gone
8. We … take a taxi because we were late. a) were able to b) were to c) should d) had to
9. In more than two hundred years the USA Constitution … 26 times. a) is amended b) is being amended c) has been amended d) was amended
10. The story of the first Thanksgiving feast … among the Americans. a) is well-known b) have been well-known c) would be well - known d) was well-known
11. … you … get up early to meet the delegation at the airport? a) Did, have to b) Had to c) Have, had to d) Must, have to
12. Fruit juice … by her over the white table cloth. a) had spilt b) spilled c) had been spilt d) has been spilt
13. … many tasty things in my fridge . a) It is b) There is c) There are c) This is
14. … is no coffee left. a) It b) There c) Here d) This
15. If anyone … you this news, don’t believe it. a) tell b) will tell c) tells d) had tell
ВАРИАНТ 4.
1.Вставьте some, any, no или их производные.
1. What I want out of life is a challenging job and a fulfilling relationship with … .
2. On certain Friday nights after a long hard workweek, Mary likes … better than to spend a quiet evening at home.
3. Would you have … cheese with your tea?
4. I don’t know if everyone would be interested in this program, but I do think that just about … could benefit from it.
5. There aren’t … easy ways of learning a foreign language.
2.Спишите предложения. Подчеркните сказуемое. Определите его время. Переведите предложения.
1. Each of the students of our group has already bought the latest issue of Moscow News.
2. “The Times” has always been used by the Establishment for announcements of births, marriages and deaths.
3. More and more higher schools apply linguaphone equipment and television in the teaching process.
4. Next year a world-known professor will give lectures on sociology.
5. The population of most developing nations is growing rapidly.
3.Напишите следующие глаголы в формах Past Indefinite и Past Participle.
To stand, to make, to lend, to hide, to learn, to fall, to cost, to catch, to bring, to come, to buy, to forgive, to grow, to fly, to cut, to burn, to eat.
4. Спишите. Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения.
1. The splendid buildings of Constantinople were to prove the might of the imperial power.
2. The Byzantine could defend its frontiers.
3. He couldn’t help talking about the experiment at the symposium.
4. “It’s very wicked of you”, she said. “You ought to be ashamed of yourself.”
5. We didn’t have to wear uniform at school. That’s why I liked it.
6. The butler must have stolen the jewels. There is no other explanation.
5. Раскройте скобки, выбирая нужную форму глагола.(Passive or Active.)
1. The old oak (was struck/ struck) by lightning.
2. These artificial flowers will (make/be made) of cotton.
3. “King Lear” can (perform/be performed) successfully by a group of amateurs.
4. They (spent/ were spent) their vacations in the Crimea.
5. He (heard/was heard) of.
6. Переведите предложения, используя конструкцию there is/ there are.
1. В каждом журнале есть что-то интересное.
2. В этом городе много исторических памятников.
3. Есть ли кто-нибудь в комнате? – Там никого нет.
4. Через несколько минут будет фильм.
5. Летом нет снега.
6. В этой реке много рыбы.
7. Спишите и переведите текст.
The earliest attempts to circulate news were made in ancient Rome. In Rome the Daily Events was published from early days of the Empire and besides its general circulation, was used as a medium of communication between military officers and their armies.
In the 16th century an official newspaper was issued in Venice, with accounts of battles and other matters of public interest. This paper was circulated throughout Europe, and originally sold for a small coin called a «gazetta». In time the paper was called «gazetta», a name which is still used. These little sheets, issued occasionally, had little in common with the great newspapers of today, with their great number of news items.
8. Спишите. Отметьте правильный вариант.
1. They took a rest after they … the yard. a) had cleaned up b) were cleaning up c) would clean up d)have cleaned up
2. Paul knew he had forgotten … . a) somewhere b) anywhere c) something d) anything
3. We all … mistakes when we are young. a) do b) make c) did d) made
4. … already dark outside. a) There was b) It was c) There had been d) It had been
5. She … the article and wants to show it to the teacher. a) was translating b) translated c) has translated d) translate
6. Japan … up of a chain of more than one thousand islands. a) make b) is made c) is making d) makes
7. A lot of new English words … this year. a) had been learnt b) is learnt c) has been learnt d) have been learnt
8. Michael … drive without headlights, it is forbidden. a) mustn’t b) have to c) shouldn’t d) need to
9. My friends … tomorrow in the café. a) are to meet b) should meet c) ought to meet d) were to meet
10. If my advice … , I’ll be happy. a) help b) helps c) will help d) have helped
11. … of them know what it is. a) Somebody b) Nobody c) Some d) Any
12. She … in the library the whole evening yesterday. a) works b) is working c) has working d) was working
13. Which book shall I give you? - … book will do. a) Some b) Any c) No d) Anything
14. My friend no longer had his car. He … it. a) crashed b) was crashed c) had crashed d) has crashed
15. He said he … us during the weekend. a) visited b) would visit c) will visit d) visit
ВАРИАНТ 5.
1.Вставьте some, any, no или их производные.
1. There aren’t … conveniences in the house.
2. Take … doll you like, Sue.
3. We did it without … difficulty.
4. I don’t know … about it. He said … about it in his last letter.
5. Do you have … small change? – Hardly … .
2.Спишите предложения. Подчеркните сказуемое. Определите его время. Переведите предложения.
1. Most of the pictures in magazines depend on their content.
2. The art of printing was making fast progress during the 19th century.
3. Look! He is taking photos with a new camera.
4. She had written only two letters by the end of the day.
5. You will find this unique journal in a modest office building.
3.Напишите следующие глаголы в формах Past Indefinite и Past Participle.
To feel, to get, to freeze, to find, to steal, to sell, to forget, to sleep, to rise, to sit, to sing, to sweep, to lose, to have, to shake, to swim, to spend.
4. Спишите. Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения.
1. For every buyer there has to be a seller.
2. At the beginning of the next century people will be able to carry out projects which seemed fantastic yesterday.
3. Scientists believe that major enterprises should be regarded as potential «trouble spots».
4. It is important to read the preface because the writer may indicate the purpose of the book in it or he may give information that will help the reader.
5. All English tense-forms can be subdivided into four groups.
6. We are to have a seminar in history the day after tomorrow.
5. Раскройте скобки, выбирая нужную форму глагола.(Passive or Active).
1. A thief (stole/was stolen) my cat and (brought/was brought) him back only when I (offered/was offered) $10 reward for him.
2. She thought the arrow could (poison/ be poisoned).
3. A seat belt must (wear/be worn) even if you are sitting in the back seat.
4. The famous actress is (interviewing/being interviewed) now for the “Hello” magazine.
6. Nothing can (do/be done) unless more information (is given/gives).
6. Переведите предложения, используя конструкцию there is/ there are.
1. Есть очень много обычаев и традиций, которые восходят к древним временам.
2. На столе одежда Джона. Возьми ее и постирай.
3. В комнате кто-нибудь есть? – Никого. Все ушли в самый дальний уголок сада.
4. В холодильнике не было ни сыра, ни молока.
5. В чашке мало чая.
7. Спишите и переведите текст.
The 16th century was the time of war and religious disputes all over Europe. All this aroused the interest of ordinary people in information. The earliest newspapers appeared to supply this the end of the 16th century several printers in Germany, Holland and Belgium were producing pamphlets and announcements of great battles or sensational events, often called «relations» (повествования). There were also pocketsize «newsbooks» of 8, 16 or 24 pages, summarizing the events of the past six months. These two types, the «relations» of a single event and the general account of news collected over a period were the forerunners of the later newspaper.
.
8.Спишите. Отметьте правильный вариант.
1. The autumn … very rainy this year. a) has been b) was c) had been d) was being
2. Why … I ask anybody for help, I can do it myself. a) can b) could c) have d) should
3. … a long way to walk and we were tired. a) It is b) There is c) It was d) There isn’t
4. When I entered the office I … to give my name.
a) asked b) asking c) was asked d) have been asked
5. The plane … to have landed. a) announced b) was announced c) announce d) announces
6. … nothing interesting to see and we left. a) There was b) It was c) It is d) There is
7. … we went we saw the same posters. a) Somewhere b) Anywhere c) Nowhere d) Everywhere
8. I’ll call he taxi as soon as the things … . a) were packed b) have been packed c) will be packed d) packed
9. He … the car for many hours before he came to the crossroads. a) drives b) was driving c) had been driving d) has driven
10. If you telephone early next week, the secretary … give you your exam results. a) must b) can c) may d) will be able to
11. … must be a lot of noise here. a) It b) This c) There d) Its
12. Something … good. Are you making pancakes? a) do smell b) smells c) smelt d) is smelling
13. Since 1981 the number of passengers using the Tube … by almost half. a) has increased b) had been increased d) was increased d) increased
14. At the police station he … a lot of questions. a) asked b) had been asked c) had been asking d) was asked
15. They hate each other. They … in love. a) can be b) may be c) can’t be d) can’t have been
