Программа Курсов

Программа Курсов

Доклинические Дисциплины 2

Заболевания иммунной системы 3

Заболевания Крови и Кроветворных Органов 4

Болезни Нервной Системы и Органов Чувств; 5

Болезни Сердечно-сосудистой системы 6

Заболевания Дыхательной Системы 7

Заболевания Пищеварительной Системы 8

Гинекологические Заболевания 9

Урологические и Андрологические Заболевания 10

Пренатальные и Неонатальные Заболевания, Педиатрия. 11

Кожно-венерические болезни 12

Заболевания опорно-двигательного аппарата 13

Эндокринные и метаболические заболевания 14

Принципиальные схемы лечения 15

Принципы Организации здравоохранения 16

Расстройства Психики 17

Доклинические Дисциплины

General principles

Biochemistry and molecular biology -- gene expression: DNA structure, replication, and exchange; gene expression: transcription; structure and function of proteins; energy metabolism: metabolic sequences and regulation; metabolic pathways of small molecules and associated diseases; biosynthesis and degradation of other macromolecules and associated abnormalities, complex carbohydrates, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans.

Biology of cells -- structure and composition of cell membranes, ion channels and pumps, pinocytosis; second messenger systems, signal transduction; organelles; secretion andexocytosis, endocytosis; cytoskeleton, including cell movement and intracellular transport; nucleus; cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, structure and regulation of spindle apparatus; surface specialization, intercellular junctions, gap junctions, desmosomes; muscle: structure and regulation of contractile elements, excitation-contraction coupling, ryanodine reset doors; excitable cells; voltage - and ligand-gated channels and receptors; cell-to-cell communication; extracellular matrix, fibroglycans, hydrators, proteoglycans, fibronectins, ground substance, nexins, adhesion molecules, annexins; reversible injury and repair mechanism; adaptation to chronic injury; irreversible injury, programmed cell death; injury due to ischemia and reperfusion, oxygen radicals, free radicals, excitotoxic amino acids.

Human development and genetics -- embryogenesis: programmed gene expression, epithelial and mesenchymal transformation, tissue morphogenesis, homeotic genes; congenital abnormalities: principles, patterns of anomalies, maternal illness, drug abuse, medications, infectious agents, malnutrition, dysmorphogenesis; gene analysis: pedigree analysis, genetic markers, linkage analysis, gene mapping, sequential expression; population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg Law, founder effects, mutation-selection equilibrium; disease-producing mutations; multi-factorial diseases; principles of therapy; pharmacogenetics.

Biology of tissues and their responses to disease -- structural and functional characteristics of endothelium, epithelium, and mesothelium; inflammation; repair and regeneration; neoplasia.

Psychosocial, cultural, occupational, and environmental influences on behavior, health, and disease processes -- progression through the life cycle (birth through senescence); psychologic and social factors influencing patient behavior; patient interviewing, consultation, and interactions with the family; medical ethics, jurisprudence, and professional behavior; organization and cost of health care delivery.

Multi-system processes -- nutrition; temperature regulation; adaptation to environmental extremes.

Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic processes -- general principles; general properties of autacoids; general properties of antimicrobials; general properties of antineoplastic agents and immunosuppressants, drug effects on rapidly dividing mammalian cells.

Microbial biology and infection -- microbial classification and its basis; bacteria and bacterial diseases; viruses and viral diseases; fungi and fungal infections; parasites and parasitic diseases; interactions between antimicrobials and infectious organisms.

Immune responses -- production and function of granulocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages; production and function of T lymphocytes, T lymphocyte receptors, lymphokines, cytokines; production and function of B lymphocytes and plasma cells, immunoglobulins and antibodies: structure, classes, molecular bases of specificity, receptors; antigenicity and immunogenicity, host defenses and immune responses, passive transfer of immunity, including mother-to-infant transfer, antibody-antigen reactions in vitro, complement and cell-mediated reactions in vitro, including diagnostic tests, tolerance and clonal deletion; immunologic mediators: chemistry, function, molecular biology, classic and alternative complement pathways, arachidonic acid metabolites, histamine, nitric acid, cytokines; immunogenetics, MHC structure and function, class I, II molecules, erythrocyte antigens, transplantation; vaccines, protective immunity, tumor immunity; alterations in immunologic function; immunologically mediated disorders.

Quantitative methods -- fundamental concepts of measurement; fundamental concepts of study design; fundamental concepts of hypothesis testing and statistical inference.

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Заболевания иммунной системы

Immunologic disorders

Health and health maintenance -- prevention of anaphylactic and other reactions to food, drugs, or other foreign substances; HIV infection/AIDS; immunization against infectious agents.

Mechanisms of disease -- anaphylactic reactions and shock, including bites and stings; immunization against infectious agents; HIV infection/AIDS; deficiencies of cell-mediated immunity; deficiencies of humoral immunity; combined immune deficiency; assessment of suit ability for transplantation.

Diagnosis (same topics as mechanisms of disease)

Principles of management -- acute or emergency problems, including anaphylactic shock; neoplasms; chronic problems, including HIV infection/AIDS.

Заболевания Крови и Кроветворных Органов

Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs

Health and health maintenance -- iron deficiency anemia; vitamin-related anemia; morbidity and mortality due to sickle cell disease; prevention of transfusion reactions; drug-induced anemia, agranulocytosis; infection (systemic).

Mechanisms of disease -- anemia; bleeding disorders, coagulopathies, thrombocytopenia; leukopenic disorders, agranulocytosis; neoplastic disorders; polycythemia vera, eosinophilia; reactions to transfusion of blood components; hemochromatosis; infection.

Diagnosis (same topics as mechanisms of disease)

Principles of management -- acute or emergency problems; chronic problems, including neoplastic, hyperplastic disorders, chronic anemias

Malignant neoplasias -- leukemias, multiple myeloma, lymphomas

Anemias -- iron deficiency, pernicious

Other --septicemia, coagulation disorder, polycythemia, viremia, transfusion reaction.

Болезни Нервной Системы и Органов Чувств;

Central and peripheral nervous systems

Normal processes -- embryonic development, fetal maturation, and perinatal changes; organ structure and function; cell/tissue structure and function; repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life.

Abnormal processes -- genetic disorders; congenital disorders; infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders; traumatic and mechanical disorders; neoplastic disorders; metabolic and regulatory disorders, including vitamin deficiencies and effects of alcohol; vascular disorders; systemic disorders affecting the nervous system; neurodegenerative disorders, including peripheral neuropathy, Alzheimer's and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; paroxysmal disorders, including pain syndromes; disorders of special senses; psychopathologic disorders, processes and their evaluation.

Principles of therapeutics -- therapeutic mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of drugs for treatment of disorders of the nervous system; other therapeutic modalities; adverse effects of drugs; iatrogenic effects on the nervous system.

Diseases of the nervous system and special senses

Health and health maintenance -- cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction; toxic injury to the nervous system, eyes, and ears; nutritional deficiency affecting the nervous system, eyes, or ears; infection involving the nervous system, eyes, or ears; congenital disorders involving the nervous system, eyes, or ears; degenerative and demyelinating disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.

Mechanisms of disease -- disorders of the eye; disorders of the ear, olfaction, and taste; disorders of the nervous system: paroxysmal disorders, cerebrovascular disease, traumatic and toxic injury, it actions, metabolic and nutritional disorders, degenerative/demyelinating disorders, neuromuscular disorders, symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions, disorders relating to the spine and spinal nerve roots.

Diagnosis (disease same topics as mechanisms of disease)

Principles of management -- emergency and acute care; chronic care.

Diseases/disorders of the eye

Eye -- ophthalmologic manifestations of diabetes, retinal detachments, defects and disorders, chorioretinitis, glaucoma, cataract, subjective visual disturbances, diplopia, visual field defects, pterygium, acute conjunctivitis, disorders of eyelids/lacrimal system, orbital cellulitis, disorders of optic nerve/visual pathways, strabismus, anomalies of pupillary function, nystagmus.

Ear -- diseases of the ear and mastoid process, infective otitis externa, impacted cerumen, otitis media, vertiginous syndromes, otalgia, hearing loss.

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Болезни Сердечно-сосудистой системы

Abnormal processes -- genetic disorders; congenital disorders; infectious inflammatory and immunologic disorders; traumatic and mechanical disorders; neoplastic disorders; metabolic and regulatory disorders; vascular disorders; systemic diseases affecting the cardiovascular system; idiopathic disorders.

Principles of therapeutics -- mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of drugs for treatment of cardiovascular disorders; other therapeutic modalities; adverse effects of drugs used in treatment of disorders of the cardiovascular system, including special considerations related to the newborn and elderly; iatrogenic effects of other drugs on a cardiovascular system.

Psychosocial, cultural, occupational, and environmental considerations -- influence of emotional and behavioral factors on disease prevention, progression, and treatment; influence of disease and treatment on person, family, and society; occupational and other environmental risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Health and health maintenance -- arterial hypertension; atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease; hyperlipidemia; congenital heart disease; prevention of rheumatic heart disease, thromboembolic disease, pulmonary emboli, bacterial endocarditis; compliance.

Mechanisms of disease -- dysrhythmias, palpitations, syncope; heart failure; ischemic heart disease, chest pain of cardiac origin; diseases of the myocardium; diseases of the pericardium; valvular heart disease; congenital cardiovascular disease; systemic hypotension, hypovolemia, cardiogenic shock, cyanosis; arterial hypertension; atherosclerosis - lipoproteins; dissecting aortic aneurysm; aortic route dilation; peripheral arterial vascular diseases, vasculitis; diseases of the veins, peripheral edema; traumatic injury.

Diagnosis (same topics as mechanisms of disease)

Principles of management -- emergency or acute cardiovascular disorders; chronic disorders.

Essential hypertension

Hypertensive disease -- hypertensive heart disease, hypertensive renal disease, secondary hypertension.

Coronary -- ischemic heart disease.

Congestive heart failure -- pericarditis, cardiomyopathy.

Atherosclerosis -- arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, generalized arteriosclerotic vascular disease.

Peripheral vascular disease -- aortic aneurysm, peripheral vascular disease, arterial embolism/thrombosis, phlebitis/thrombophlebitis, venous embolism/thrombosis, varicose veins of the lower extremity.

Valvular heart disease -- rheumatic heart disease, endocarditis, congenital anomalies of the heart.

Arrhythmias/conduction disorders

Заболевания Дыхательной Системы

Principles of therapeutics -- mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of drugs used for treatment of respiratory disorders; other therapeutic modalities; adverse effects of drugs used in treatment of disorders of the respiratory system, including special considerations related to the newborn and elderly; other iatrogenic effects on the respiratory system

Psychosocial, cultural, occupational, and environmental considerations -- influence of emotional and behavioral factors one disease prevention, progression, and treatment; influence of disease and treatment on person, family, and society; occupational and other environmental risk factors for pulmonary disease.

Diseases of the respiratory system

Health and health maintenance -- chronic bronchitis, emphysema, carcinoma of the larynx, carcinoma of the lung, smoking cessation programs; tuberculosis; occupational and environmental pulmonary diseases, asthma, hay fever; pulmonary aspiration in the elderly, in patients with neurologic disorders, and in patients with trachea intubation or tracheostomy.

Mechanisms of disease -- disorders of the nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and trachea; infections of the lung; obstructive airways disease; atelectasis, aspiration; pneumothorax, hemothorax, traumatic injury to the lungs; pneumoconiosis, fibrosing or restrictive pulmonary disorders; respiratory failure, hypoxia, hypercapnia, dyspnea; pulmonary vascular disorders; disorders involving the pleura; neoplastic disorders of the lungs and pleura.

Diagnosis (same topics as mechanisms of disease)

Principles of management -- acute or emergency disorders; chronic disorders.

Mouth/tongue -- herpetic gingivostomatitis, herpes simplex fever blisters.

Nose/throat -- streptococcal sore throat, acute upper respiratory infection, chronic rhinitis, peritonsillar abscess, allergic rhinitis, diseases of nasal cavity, e. g., abscess.

Neoplasms -- malignant neoplasm of larynx, malignant neoplasm of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx.

Sinuses -- acute sinusitis, chronic sinusitis.

Pneumonia/influenza -- croup, acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia, pneumonia, influenza with other respiratory manifestations.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- bronchitis, obstructive chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, chronic airway obstruction.

Other diseases of the respiratory system -- pulmonary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, pulmonary embolism and infarction, pleurisy without effusion, spontaneous tension pneumothorax, atelectasis, mediastinitis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension.

Pneumoconiosis

Malignant neoplasm of bronchus/lung

Заболевания Пищеварительной Системы

Abnormal processes -- genetic disorders; congenital disorders; infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders; traumatic and mechanical disorders; neoplastic disorders; metabolic and regulatory disorders; vascular disorders including ischemia, portal hypertension and esophageal varices, mesenteric thromboses, hemorrhoids; systemic disorders affecting the gastrointestinal system; idiopathic disorders.

Principles of therapeutics -- therapeutic mechanisms of action and effects of drugs for treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal system; other therapeutic modalities; adverse effects of drugs used in treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal system, including special considerations related to the newborn and elderly; iatrogenic defects of drugs used in treatment of disorders on the gastrointestinal system.

Nutritional and digestive disorders

Health and health maintenance -- screening; viral hepatitis; gastrointestinal infection and food poisoning; alcohol-related hepatopathy; vitamin deficiency; diverticular disorders: dietary factors and dietary fiber.

Mechanisms of disease -- nutritional disorders; disorders of the mouth, salivary glands, oropharynx, and esophagus; disorders of the stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum; disorders of the pancreas; disorders of the liver and biliary system; traumatic injury and poisoning.

Diagnosis (same topics has mechanisms of disease)

Principles of management -- nutritional disorders; acute disorders; chronic disorders.

Esophagus -- malignant neoplasm of the esophagus, esophageal varices, achalasia, esophagitis.

Stomach -- malignant neoplasm of the stomach, benign neoplasm of this stomach, gastric ulcer, peptic ulcer, gastritis.

Small intestine/colon -- malignant neoplasm of the colon, duodenal ulcer/duodenitis, benign neoplasm of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, appendicitis, noninfectious gastroenteritis, intestinal obstruction, diverticula of the small intestine, diverticula of the colon, irritable colon/irritable bowel syndrome, peritonitis, prolapse, abscess.

Rectum -- malignant neoplasm of rectosigmoid junction, malignant neoplasm of rectum, benign neoplasm of rectum, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, abscess of anal and rectal regions, proctitis.

Gallbladder -- calculus of gallbladder, cholecystitis.

Liver -- malignant neoplasm of the liver, cirrhosis of the liver.

Pancreas -- malignant neoplasm of pancreas, benign neoplasm of pancreas, pancreatitis.

Hernia -- inguinal hernia, other hernias with obstruction, ventral hernia, diaphragmatic hernia.

Гинекологические Заболевания

Gynecologic disorders

Health and health maintenance -- female health maintenance examination; sexually transmitted diseases; urinary tract infections; cancer of the female reproductive system; cancer of the breast; postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Mechanisms of disease -- infections; urinary incontinence; endometriosis; neoplasms; cysts, fibrocystic changes of the breast; menstrual and endocrinologic disorders; infertility.

Diagnosis (same topics as mechanisms of disease)

Principles of management -- acute or emergency disorders including infection, sexual abuse, rate, neoplasms; chronic disorders.

Disorders of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium

Health and health maintenance -- prenatal care; assessment of the at-risk pregnancy; risk of pre-term labor; intrapartum care; signs of fetal compromise; contraception; sterilization; prevention of pregnancy after rape.

Mechanisms of disease -- the fetus, placenta, and newborn; obstetric complications of pregnancy; non-obstetric complications of pregnancy; abnormal labor; complications of the puerperium

Diagnosis -- obstetric complications of pregnancy; non-obstetric complications of pregnancy; abnormal labor; complications of the puerperium.

Principles of management -- peripartum care; immediate care of the newborn; indications for elective abortion, therapeutic abortion, sterilization; prenatal care.

Reproductive system

Normal processes -- embryonic development, fetal maturation, and perinatal changes; female organ structure, including the ovary, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, breast, placenta, gestational uterus; puberty, climacteric; female organ function, including oogenesis, follicle development, ovulation, menstruation, menstrual cycle, corpus luteum; cell/tissue structure and function; repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life; reproductive system defense mechanisms and normal flora.

Abnormal processes -- genetic disorders; congenital disorders; infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders; traumatic and mechanical disorders; neoplastic disorders; metabolic, physiologic, and regulatory processes; systemic disorders affecting reproductive function; disorders relating to pregnancy, the puerperium, and the postpartum period.

Principles of therapeutics -- therapeutic mechanisms of action and uses of drugs for treatment of disorders of the reproductive system and management of normal reproductive function; other methods of treatment affecting the reproductive system; adverse effects of drugs used in treatment of disorders of the reproductive system; iatrogenic effects on a reproductive system.

Psychosocial, cultural, occupational, and environmental considerations -- influence of emotional and behavioral factors on disease prevention, progression, and treatment; influence of disease and treatment on person, family, and society; family planning and pregnancy; gender identity, sexual orientation, sexuality, libido; effects of traumatic stress syndrome, violence, rape, and child abuse.

Diseases/disorders of the female reproductive system

Uterus -- malignant neoplasm of the uterus, leiomyoma of the uterus, disorders of the uterus, uterine prolapse.

Ovary -- malignant neoplasm of the ovary, ovarian cysts.

Cervix -- malignant neoplasm of the cervix, cervicitis/endocervicitis, dysplasia of cervix uteri, abnormal Pap smear of the cervix

Vagina/vulva -- malignant neoplasm of the vagina/vulva, vaginitis/vulvovaginitis, prolapse of the vaginal walls

Menstrual disorders -- dysmenorrhea, pre-menstrual tension syndrome.

Menopause -- climacteric states, atrophic vaginitis.

Breast -- malignant neoplasm of the female breast, benign neoplasm of the breast, breast-related problems, e. g., cyst.

Female infertility --

Acute parametritis/pelvic cellulitis -- disorders of the pelvic organs (PID), female infertility.

Pregnancy/childbirth/neonates --

Pregnancy, complicated -- adolescent pregnancy, supervision of at-risk pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous, induced or septic abortion, hemorrhage in early pregnancy, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, antepartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, eclampsia, pre-mature labor, other viral diseases in pregnancy, incompetent cervix, CNS malformation in fetus, suspected fetal abnormality, Rh incompatibility, infection, amniotic cavity, obstruction/malposition of fetus at birth, cesarean delivery, complications of labor and delivery, trisomy, multiple fetuses.

Uncomplicated pregnancy -- supervision of normal pregnancy and delivery, single liveborn before admission to hospital.

Condition is originating in the perinatal period -- congenital anomalies of the digestive system, fetal growth retardation, post-term infants, birth trauma, birth asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, other respiratory problems after birth, infections specific to the perinatal period, hemolytic disease due to isoimmunization, perinatal jaundice.

Урологические и Андрологические Заболевания

Normal processes -- embryonic development, fetal maturation, and Harry needle changes; organ structure and function; cell/tissue structure and function; repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life.

Abnormal processes -- genetic disorders; congenital disorders; infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders; traumatic and mechanical disorders; primary neoplastic disorders, including kidney and lower collecting system; metabolic and regulatory disorders; vascular disorders; effects of systemic disease on the kidney.

Principles of therapeutics -- therapeutic mechanisms of action and effects of drugs used for treatment of renal and urinary system disorders; other therapeutic modalities; adverse effects of drugs used in treatment of disorders of the renal/urinary system, including special considerations related to the newborn and elderly; iatrogenic defects on the renal and urinary system.

Reproductive system

Normal processes -- embryonic development, fetal maturation, and perinatal changes; mail organ structure, including testis, epididymis, spermatic cord, seminal vesicles, prostate, penis, puberty, climacteric; male organ function, including spermatogenesis, maturation and delivery of sperm, erection, ejaculation, semen, capacitation; cell/tissue structure and function; repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life; reproductive system defense mechanisms and normal flora.

Abnormal processes -- genetic disorders; congenital disorders; infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders; traumatic and mechanical disorders; neoplastic disorders; metabolic, physiologic, and regulatory processes; systemic disorders affecting reproductive function; disorders relating to pregnancy, the puerperium, and the postpartum period.

Psychosocial, cultural, occupational, and environmental considerations -- influence of emotional and behavioral factors on disease prevention, progression, and treatment; influence of disease and treatment on person, family, and society; family planning and pregnancy; gender identity, sexual orientation, sexuality, libido; effects of traumatic stress syndrome, violence, rape, and child abuse.

Renal, urinary, and male reproductive systems

Health and health maintenance -- infection; toxic nephropathy; acute renal failure including risk factors and prevention; chronic renal disease including methods of limiting progression; male health maintenance examination.

Mechanisms of disease -- disorders of the male reproductive system; disorders of the urinary bladder and urinary collecting system; disorders of the kidneys; disorders of electrolyte and water metabolism and acid-based balance.

Diagnosis (same topics as mechanisms of disease)

Principles of management -- acute or emergency problems; chronic problems

Male reproductive system -- testicular feminization, male infertility, torsion of testes, testicular mass.

Пренатальные и Неонатальные Заболевания, Педиатрия.

Disorders of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium

Mechanisms of disease -- the fetus, placenta, and newborn; obstetric complications of pregnancy; non-obstetric complications of pregnancy; abnormal labor; complications of the puerperium

Diagnosis -- obstetric complications of pregnancy; non-obstetric complications of pregnancy; abnormal labor; complications of the puerperium.

Principles of management -- peripartum care; immediate care of the newborn; indications for elective abortion, therapeutic abortion, sterilization; prenatal care.

Diseaases and development of infancy and childhood:

· Normal Processes

· Abnormal Processes

· Principles of Therapeutics

· Psychosocial, Cultural and Env.

1. Reproductive System: Normal Development and Structure

2. The Endocrine System

3. Hematopoietic and Lymphoreticular Systems

4. Central and Peripheral Nervous System

5. Skin and Related Connective Tissue

6. Musculoskeletal System

7. Respiratory System

8. Cardiovascular System

9. Gastrointestinal System

10. Renal/Urinary System

Кожно-венерические болезни

Skin and related connective tissue

Principles of therapeutics -- mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of drugs for treatment of disorders of the skin and connective tissue; other therapeutic modalities; adverse effects of drugs used in treatment of disorders of skin, including special considerations related to the newborn and elderly; iatrogenic effects on the skin.

Skin eruptions -- scabies, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, pemphigus, acne, seborrhea, urticaria.

Nails/hair -- ingrowing nail, diseases of hair/hair follicles.

Decubitus ulcer --

Lumps/tumors of the skin -- viral warts, secondary syphilis, malignant neoplasm of the skin, benign neoplasm of the skin, keratoderma, sebaceous cyst.

Health and health maintenance -- epidemiology and prevention of: skin disorders secondary to exposure to the sun, contact dermatitis and drug reactions, decubitus ulcers, dermatophytic skin disorders.

Mechanisms of disease -- infections; acne vulgaris; decubitus ulcers; neoplasms; traumatic injury; industrial or occupational dermatitis.

Diagnosis (same topics as mechanisms of disease)

Principles of management -- acute dermatologic disorders, including traumatic injury, neoplasms, wound infection; chronic dermatologic disorders, including acne, decubitus ulcers, neoplasms.

Заболевания опорно-двигательного аппарата

Diseases/disorders of the musculoskeletal system

Abnormal processes -- genetic disorders; congenital disorders; infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders; traumatic and mechanical disorders; neoplastic disorders; metabolic and regulatory disorders; vascular disorders; degenerative disorders; systemic disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system; idiopathic disorders.

Principles of therapeutics -- mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of drugs for treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system; other therapeutic modalities; adverse effects of drugs used in treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, including special considerations related to the newborn and elderly; iatrogenic effects on the musculoskeletal system.

Minor/acute musculoskeletal problems -- internal derangement of the knee, effusion of the joint, fibrositis of the shoulder region, synovitis/tenosynovitis, bursitis, ganglion/cyst of Synovium/tendon/bursa, muscular wasting and disuse atrophy, infective myositis, myositis ossificans, myalgia/myositis, disorders of the bone and cartilage, developmental problems, other congenital anomalies of limbs.

Fractures/dislocations -- closed fracture of the mandible, fracture of the vertebral column, closed fracture of phalanges of the hand, fracture of the neck or femur, various closed fractures of the foot and leg, dislocations/separations.

Other sprains/strains -- temporomandibular joint disorders, rotator cuff syndrome, enthesophathy of the elbow and ankle region.

Rheumatoid condition -- various collagen disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, other non-arthritic rheumatism.

Osteoarthritis and arthropathys -- infective arthritis, monoarthritis.

Malignancy -- secondary malignant neoplasm of the bone/marrow, pathologic fracture.

Health and health maintenance -- epidemiology, impact, and prevention of degenerative joint and disc disease; weight reduction programs; prevention of disability due to musculoskeletal disorders; epidemiology and prevention of infection.

Mechanisms of disease -- infections; degenerative disorders; musculoskeletal disorders secondary to neurologic disease; inherited, congenital, or developmental disorders; metabolic and nutritional disorders; inflammatory or immunologic disorders; neoplasms; other disorders; traumatic injury.

Diagnosis (same topics as mechanisms of disease)

Principles of management -- acute or emergency problems, traumatic injury, neoplasms; chronic problems, rehabilitation, neoplasms

Эндокринные и метаболические заболевания

Endocrine and metabolic disorders

Endocrine system

Abnormal processes -- genetic disorders; congenital disorders; infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders; traumatic and mechanical disorders; neoplastic disorders; metabolic and regulatory processes; vascular disorders; systemic disorders affecting the endocrine system; idiopathic disorders.

Principles of therapeutics -- mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of drugs for treatment of disorders of the endocrine system; other therapeutic modalities; adverse effects of drugs used in treatment of disorders of the endocrine system, including special considerations relating to the newborn and elderly; iatrogenic effects on the endocrine system.

Psychosocial, cultural, occupational, and environmental considerations -- influence of emotional and behavioral factors on disease prevention, progress and, and treatment; influence of disease and treatment on person, family, and society; occupational and other environmental risk factors for endocrine disease.

Health and health maintenance -- diabetes mellitus, including prevention of morbidity and mortality due to complications; heat stroke; screening.

Mechanisms of disease -- thyroid disorders; diabetes mellitus; hypoglycemia; hyperinsulinism; parathyroid disorders; pituitary, hypothalamic disorders; adrenal disorders; disorders of mineral metabolism; heat-related illness.

Diagnosis (same topics as mechanisms of disease)

Principles of management -- acute or emergency problems; chronic problems.

Diseases of the thyroid gland -- malignant neoplasm of the thyroid, goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism.

Diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia --

Nutritional deficiencies -- nutritional deficiencies/A vitaminosis.

Disorders of the adrenal gland -- Cushing Syndrome, hyperaldosteronism.

Other endocrine/metabolic/immunity disease -- hypercholesterolemia, gout, electrolyte disorders, immunity deficiency.

Принципиальные схемы лечения

Health maintenance

General checks -- child behavioral/developmental disorder, routine child/infant health check, other counseling, follow-up examinations, general medical examinations, other after-care follow-up, laboratory examination, community-related prevention.

Targeted checks, gynecology -- general counseling for contraception, sterilization, surveillance of prescribed contraceptives, contraceptive management, genetic counseling, antenatal screening, gynecologic examination, routine cervical Pap smear.

Targeted checks, cardiovascular risk -- dietary surveillance, exercise, screening for cardiovascular conditions.

Vaccinations/other chemotherapy -- influenza vaccination, DTP and polio vaccinations, vaccinations, desensitization to allergens, other prophylactic chemotherapy, skin immunity and sensitization tests.

Non-dependent abuse of drugs (incidental) -- alcohol abuse, tobacco use disorder, cannabis, hallucinogen abuse, sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic abuse, opioid, cocaine, amphetamine abuse, antidepressant type abuse, other or mixed drug abuse.

Ill-defined symptom complex

Symptoms referable to nutrition -- abnormal weight gain or loss, loss of appetite.

Symptoms referable to the circulatory system -- palpitations, murmurs.

Symptoms referable to the respiratory system -- dyspnes, stridor, cough.

Symptoms referable to the digestive system -- dyspepsia, constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhage of rectum and anus, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, ascites, abnormal stool contents.

Symptoms referable to the genitourinary system -- renal colic, dysuria, incontinence.

Symptoms referable to be musculoskeletal system -- pain in joint, stiffness of joint, pain in limb.

Symptoms referable to the central nervous system -- Reye syndrome, migraine, convulsions, headache.

Ill-defined presentations -- lymphadenitis, psychalgia, syncope and collapse, dizziness/giddiness, sleep disturbances, pyrexia of unknown origin, malaise and fatigue, localized swelling, mass, lump, rash, edema, pallor, lack of normal physiological development, septic shock, enlarged lymph nodes, chest pain, abdominal mass, signs and symptoms in the breast, allergy, ataxia.

Ill-defined causes of morbidity -- malignant neoplasm, unspecified site.

Injuries/wounds/toxic effects/burns

Eye injury -- foreign body in the eye, eye burn.

Foreign body -- foreign body in the ear and nose, foreign body in trachea/aspiration, swallowed foreign body.

Various toxins -- food poisoning, poisoning by drugs/medicinal substances, toxic effects of non-medicinal substances, adverse effects of drugs/medicinal substances.

Other -- epistaxis, burns

Trauma -- rape/crisis adjustment, concussion with no loss of consciousness, concussion with brief loss of consciousness, cranial injuries, traumatic pneumothorax, internal injuries of chest, abdomen and pelvis, frostbite, heat stroke.

Post-operative complications -- central nervous system complications, respiratory complications, post-operative infections, complications of medical care or procedures.

Принципы Организации здравоохранения

Health maintenance

Targeted checks, cardiovascular risk -- dietary surveillance, exercise, screening for cardiovascular conditions.

Расстройства Психики

Mental disorders

Health and health maintenance -- modification of risk factors; early identification and intervention.

Mechanisms of disease -- mental disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence with emphasis on intended or unintended effects of therapeutic interventions; substance-related disorders with emphasis on genetics, natural history, pathogenesis, clinical course, intended or unintended effects of therapeutic interventions; schizophrenia with emphasis on genetics, natural history, associated findings, complications, intended or unintended effects of therapeutic interventions; mood disorders with emphasis on pathogenesis, contributing sociocultural factors, natural history, associated findings, complications, intended or unintended defects of therapeutic interventions, mood disorder due to a general medical condition, medication-induced mood disorder; anxiety disorders with emphasis on etiology, natural history, associated findings, complications, severity of illness, intended or unintended effects of therapeutic interventions; sexual dysfunctions including medical conditions and substance-induced disorders with emphasis on etiology and pathophysiology, excluding paraphilias and gender identity disorders; other disorders with emphasis on etiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, contributing sociocultural factors, natural history, clinical course, associated findings, complications, severity of illness, intended or unintended effects of therapeutic interventions.

Diagnosis -- mental disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence; substance-related disorders; schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; mood disorders; anxiety disorders; somatoform and factitious disorders; sexual and gender identity disorders; personality disorders; other disorders.

Principles of management -- emergency and acute care; chronic care; consultation psychiatry.

Behavioral/emotional disorders

Psychoses -- schizophrenia, mood disorders (affective psychoses), bipolar disorder, mixed, paranoid states, other non-organic psychoses, psychoses originating in childhood.

Eating disorders -- obesity, anorexia nervosa, bulimia.

Anxiety/mood/personality disorders -- anxiety/panic disorders, somatoform disorders, neurotic disorders, personality disorders, acute stress reaction, adjustment disorders, depressive disorders, conduct disturbance, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, physical disorders of psychogenetic origin.

Substance abuse disorders -- alcoholism, chemical/drug dependence.

Other -- altered mental status/confusion states, SIDS family, abuse of other person, uncomplicated bereavement, sexual dysfunction.

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