?????????

I. THE INFINITIVE

?????????

????????? ? ???????? ????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ? ???? ? ?????. ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????????????, ??? ? ???????.

????? ??????????

Forms	Active	Passive
Simple	He is glad to help his friend	He is glad to be helped
Continuous	He is glad to be helping his friend	-
Perfect	He is glad to have helped his friend	He is glad to have been helped
Perfect Continuous	He is glad to have been helping his friend	-

??????? ????????

1. ??????????.

To read English is a great pleasure.

?????? ??-????????? ? ??????? ????????????.

2. ??????? ????? ??????????.

His task was to complete the work in time.

??? ?????? ???????? ? ???, ????? ????????? ?????? ???????.

3. ??????????.

He likes to read English.

??? ???????? ?????? ??-?????????.

4. ???????????.

The text to be translated is very interesting.

?????, ??????? ???? ?????????, ????? ??????????.

He was the first/last to come.

?? ?????? ?????? (?????????).

5. ??????????????.

To know a foreign language well you must learn many words.

????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????.

I was too young to think of such things at that time.

? ?? ????? ? ??? ??????? ?????, ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????.

Complex Object

??????? ??????????

??????? ?????????? (????????? ???????????? ??????) ??????? ?? ???????????????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????.

?????? Complex Object ????????????? ????? ????????, ??????????:

1. ???????, ???????, ??????????: to want, to wish, to like, to desire, to demand, to require.

He wanted us to visit the art exhibition.

I?d like him to be invited to the concert.

I wish my friends to come on Sunday.

2. ??????, ?????????????, ????????: to expect, to think, to believe, to find, to suppose, to assume, to consider, to know, to understand.

I expect her to come tomorrow.

I believe them to be honest people.

We know him to have taken part in the conference.

I suppose him to be informed.

3. ?????????? ?????????? ? ????????: to see, to watch, to notice, to observe, to feel, to hear.

We didn?t see the teacher enter the room.

Have you heard him play the piano?

Did you notice her go out?

I felt the blood rush into my cheeks.

????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ???????? to make (??????????), to let

(?????????) ????????? ? ??????? Complex Object ????????????? ??? ??????? to.

He made us do this work.

My mother doesn?t let me eat a lot of candy.

What makes you think so?

That made me change my mind.

?? ??????? ???? ?????? Complex Object ??????????? ???????????
?????????????? ???????????? ? ??????? ???, ?????, ???.

The manager expects us to do this work properly.

??????????? ???????, ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????.

????????:

?????? + ????????? ?????? + ????????? I

I saw him enter the shop. I saw him entering the shop.

(I saw the whole action ? he opened (This action was in progress

the door, went in and disappeared). when I saw him).

Complex Subject

??????? ??????????

??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????????????? ??? ??????????? ? ???????????? ?????? ? ??????????. ? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????????. ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????.

??????? ?????????? ?????????????:

1) ? ?????????, ????????????? ???????????, ?????????? ??????????, ???????, ??????????, ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ? ????????????? ??????: to say, to know, to think, to report, to suppose, to expect, to consider, to assume, to believe, to see, to hear, to state, to announce.

She is said to know several foreign languages.

???????, ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????.

2) ? ???????? ? ?????????????? ??????:

to seem to prove to happen

to appear to turn out to chance

The first experiment turned out to be a success.

?????? ??????????? ???????? ????????.

3) ?? ????????????????, ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????-?????? to be ? ??????????????:

to be sure to be likely

to be certain to be unlikely

He is unlikely to know her address.

???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????.

?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????????.

1. ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????, ? ?????????? ? ??????????? ? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????.

This work is known to be very interesting.

????????, ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????.

2. ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????????, ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ???????????.

Any substance is known to consist of atoms.

????? ????????, ??? ????????, ??????? ?? ??????.