Комментарии к слайдам

Комментарии к слайдам

Слайд 4, 5

The area contains the Caucasian State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Russian:Кавказский государственный природный биосферный заповедник

About a third of its high mountain species of plants are recognized as endemic. The areaalso includes the Sochi National Park (IUCN management category II).

Слайд 6-10

The CSBNR is a pearl of Russia and the unique nature area of the Western Caucasus. It is situated at the coordinates of 44-44,5 degrees of the northern latitude and 40-41 degrees of the eastern longitude.

The territory of the CSNR lies on the border

between temperate and subtropical climate regions

and belongs to the forest-continental

The landscape is characterized by altitudes of meters above the sea level.

The reserve is located on the territories of Krasnodarsky Region, Republic Adigea and Karachaevo-Cherkesskaya Republic of the Russian Federation. It sides with the Georgian State boarder. You-box grove is the subtropical isolated part of the Reserve, which is situated in Sochi, apart from the main territory.

The total reserve’s area is 280335 hectares. It is surrounded by the restricted area and reserves. In the southern part it joins the Sochi’s National Park.

Слайды 11-22

The nature reserve set up by the Soviet government in Krasnodar Krai, Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia in 1924 to preserve some 85 m-high specimens of the Nordmann Fir (Abiesnordmanniana), thought to be the tallest trees in Europe, and a unique forest formed by English Yew (ju:)- тис,(Taxus baccata) and European Box-самшит вечнозеленый (Buxussempervirens) within the city of Sochi.

Слайд 21

Khachatur(Chr istopher) Guennadyevich Shaposhnikov —

who helped save and restore this unique place. In

1917, he pioneered initiatives aimed at saving the

rare flora and fauna of the reserve (for example,

the European bison — by the early 20th century

there was only a handf ul of bison lef t in Europe).

The ensuing civil war and red tape halted the

decision to establish the reserve until 1920 when

Shaposhnikov was finally authorized and commissioned to set it up. He received a «protection document» for his library and his extensive entomological collections. The reserve was officially established in 1924 within the borders specified

by the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences

Слайд 23

There are 199 staff in the Kavkazkiy Nature Reserve, including 15 administrative staff, 45 scientific workers, 95 rangers, 8 people in the department of ecological education and 44 technical personnel. Sochi National Park has 169 staff, including 17 administrative staff and 15 forest guards. 

Слайд 24-27

Previously, from 1882, a major part of the territory of this nature reserve was a part of the hunting grounds of the grand Prince called 'Kuban Chase'. Since 1906 its territory was returned to local settlers, loosing its protective status. From 1909 the Russian Academy of Sciences began to raise the issue of re-establishing protected status to this territory again and in 1924 the Kavkazkiy Nature Reserve Range was established. In 1979 the Kavkazkiy Nature Reserve was awarded a status of International Biosphere Reserve under the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme.

Слайд 28,29

Kavkazkiy Nature Reserve has restricted tourism activities in peripheral areas, although for the most part these remain un-quantified. In 1997 2,934 people has passed along the one established tourist route, while the museum at Guzeripl is currently receiving about 3000 visitors per year. The River Belaya within boundaries of the Nature Reserve is a place for annual international competitions of water sports. In 1people took part in this competition. No information available about visitors facilities (Nomination, 1998). 

Слайды 30-31

Azishskaya Cave has a length of more than 640 m. 
T he inspection tour is equipped with 220 m the cave. The cave consists of a voluminous multy-level galleries and large halls. For beauty and majesty, it surpasses many of the underground complexes. The cave is equipped with footpath, stairs and railings, convenient and safe for inspection. Electric lighting installation of the diesel allows the fantastic to see the decoration of the underground church. 

A stalactite (UK /ˈstæləktaɪt/, US /stəˈlæktaɪt/; from the Greek stalasso, (σταλάσσω), "to drip", and meaning "that which drips") is a type of speleothem (secondary mineral) that hangs from the ceiling of limestone caves. It is a type of dripstone. The corresponding formation on the floor of the cave is known as a stalagmite.

Stalactites are formed by the deposition of calcium carbonate and other minerals, which is precipitated from mineralized water solutions. An average growth rate is 0.13 mm (0.0051 inches) a year. 

Слайд 32

The Caucasian dolmens represent a unique type of prehistoric architecture, built with precisely dressed large stone blocks. The stones were, for example, shaped into 90-degree angles, to be used as corners or were curved to make a circle. The monuments date between the end of the 4th millennium and the beginning of the 2nd millennium B. C.

Approximately 3,000 of these megalithic monuments are known in the Western Caucasus, but more are constantly being found, while more and more are also being destroyed. Today, many are in great disrepair and will be completely lost if they are not protected from vandals and general neglect.

Слайд 33-38

Some 60 species of mammal have been recorded in Kavkazkiy Nature Reserve and Sochi National Park. These include wolf Canis lupus, brown bear Ursus arctos, lynx Felis lynx, wild pig Sus scrofa, Caucasian deer Cervus elaphus moral, roe deer Capreolus capreolus, and reintroduced European bison Bison bonasus, tur Capra caucasica and chamois Rupicapra rupicapra. Five species were registered in the Red Data Book: the bats Miniopterus schreibersi and Nyctalus lasioterus, Caucasian otter Lutra lutra meridionalis, the leopard Panther pardus ciscaucasica and a reintroduced population of European bison Bison bonasus.

The avifauna of the site features 126 different species of which 17 are registered in the Red Data Book of Russia. Among them: black stork Ciconia nigra, osprey Pandion haliartus, Levant sparrow hawk Accipiter brevipes, short-toed eagle Circaetus gallicus, tawny eagle Aquila garax, imperial eagle A. heliaca, and golden eagle A. chrysaetos.

Seventeen reptiles have been registered on the territory, two of which listed in the Red Data Book of Russia: the turtle Testudo graeca and the viper Vipera kaznakowi.

Слайд 36

The European bison (Bison bonasus), also called the wisent, and zubr (zshoobr) in Poland, once roamed the great temperate, deciduous forest biome that stretched from the British Isles, through most of Europe and into Siberia (PHVA, 1999). Though, time has taken its toll on the once continuous distribution of bison, which now exist in few isolated areas. There are no remaining pure Caucasus stock-- they were intermixed with lowland bison and, in some cases, the American bison (Bison bison) before they went extinct in the wild.