Подготовка к ЕГЭ Grammar + Vocabulary + Word Formation

ПОДГОТОВКА К ЕГЭ

GRAMMAR + VOCABULARY + WORD FORMATION

1.

THE WALLACE COLLECTION The Wallace Collection contains superb works of art (1)… in an historic London town house. Many people regard it as (2)… favourite place in London. The collection (3)… principally in the (4)… century by the third and fourth Marquesses of Hertford and Sir Richard Wallace, the illegitimate son of the (5)… Marquess. It (6)… to the nation by Sir Richard’s widow in 1897 and is displayed on two floors of Hertford House, the family’s main London residence. The (7)… rooms present (8)… collections of French (9)… century painting, furniture and porcelain together with Old Master paintings by, among others, Titian, Canaletto, Rembrandt, Hals, Rubens, Velazquez and Gainsborough. A (10)… collection of princely arms and armour is shown in four galleries and there are (11)… important displays of gold boxes, miniatures, French and Italian sculpture and fine medieval and Renaissance works of art, (12)… maiolica, glass, Limoges enamels, silver and jewelry. By the terms of Lady Wallace’s bequest, nothing must be added or loaned to the Collection. This provision (13)… the remarkable character of one of the (14)… collections ever made by an English family.

1.  display 2.  they 3.  acquire 4.  nine 5.  four 6.  bequeath 7.  25 8.  surpass 9.  18 10.  magnify 11.  far 12.  include 13.  preserve 14.  great

2.

TOWER RAVENS For over 900 years these unique guardians (1)… the Tower of London. According to legend, “Only so long as they stay, will the White Tower stand.” These (2)… birds, large members of the genus Corvus, the crow family, respond only to The Ravenmaster and are likely to attack if approached too (3)… by anyone else. There are eight birds altogether and, in pairs, they preside over four different (4)… within the Tower precincts. In common with other members of the Crow family, ravens are (5)… of carrion and live (6)… on dead flesh. For many (7)…, ravens (8)… the Tower of London and, since they are said to hold the power of the Crown, it is believed that the Crown and The Tower will fall, if ever the ravens should leave. Fortunately, these (9)… residents, since the reign of King Charles II, (10)… by royal decree. The fortunes of the Tower ravens reached their (11)… point soon after World War II. With the disturbances of the (12)… and the unsolved kidnapping of Mabel, only Raven “Grip” was left holding the fort! New recruits were soon on their way and The Tower soon had its full complement of birds. In recent years, we have (13)… witnessed the birth of a new (14)… of ravens to safeguard the Crown.

1.  patrol 2.  magnify 3.  close 4.  territory 5.  eat 6.  most 7.  century 8.  guard 9.  respect 10.  protect 11.  low 12.  bomb 13.  proud 14.  generate

3.

THE OXFORD STORY “Take a (1)… journey through time, (2)… 800 years of history to life” The Oxford Story is the perfect start to a day in Oxford, with an informed and (3)… insight into the romantic past of the colleges and buildings. A choice of (4)… is available: Magnus Magnusson or a special children’s commentary guides visitors through the history of Oxford University. The Exhibition. How do you tell the story of one of the world’s (5)… Universities in under one hour? The Oxford Story (6)… does just that. (7)… with University support, using techniques (8)… at York’s Jorvik Viking Center, The Oxford Story (9)… visitors to the main events and people in 800 years of University history. The highlight of the visit is a (10)… ‘ride’ through a three-level, formed Victorian warehouse. On this journey through scenes from the University’s past, Magnus Magnusson (Jesus College, 1948–1951) tells of the writers, scientists, politicians and eccentrics who all have a role in The Oxford Story. A children’s commentary is also (11)…. At The Oxford Story you’ll find what (12)… to Oxford have long sought: an (13)…, well-informed introduction to the past and present of an (14)… city. Scribe’s Lane. Enter the exhibition by (15)… into Scribe’s Lane, a recreated Oxford street scene from 30 years ago. Here you will find a roll call of Oxford graduates and their (16)…, from Evelyn Waugh to Kris Kristofferson. Famous Oxford Faces. Oxford is the city in which Margaret Thatcher was an (17)… (one of 22 ‘Oxford’ Prime Ministers), in which President Clinton was a Rhodes Scholar and from which W. H. Auden left with a (18)… class degree in English – later to return as professor of poetry. The Oxford Story will be your guide to connect the city today with the great events and famous people from Oxford’s past. Oxford Today. Now recognized as the (19)… introduction to Oxford, The Oxford Story Exhibition (20)… to offer an (21)… and entertaining insight into this most historic British city. The exhibition starts with a brief, informative, audio-visual introduction from two Oxford undergraduates. They describe life in college and the way in which the University and the college ‘work’. The (22)… includes some excellent images of Oxford and college life on three screens. City Walls and the ‘Ride’. Imaginative scenes, (23)… research and an award-winning ‘ride’ system combine to evoke the story of Oxford in a way quite unlike any other. A bastion tower from the (24)… city wall runs through The Oxford Story Building. You can compare the scene now with a view of the city from 1587. Next, take your seat on Europe’s (25)… indoor ‘dark’ ride for an (26)… journey through 800 years of Oxford history. Medieval Schools. Starting in medieval times, you will explore the origins of the University and encounter Roger Bacon, a scholar so far ahead of his time that he (27)… of dabbling in the dark arts. The ride continues through medieval students’ lodgings, a hired lecture hall and the Scholastica’s Day riot of 1355. The turbulent Tudor and Stuart years are described – the (28)… of the Oxford Martyrs and how Oxford became Charles I’s capital for four years. As well as events, The Oxford Story highlights the achievements of Oxford men and women, such as Edmund Halley, who discovered a comet at the age of 26. Two hundred years later, Charles Dodgson (writing as Lewis Carroll), a young mathematics don exploring algebra and symbolic logic, created the absurd world of ‘Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland’. A city of such contrast needs an (29)… exhibition to describe it. The Oxford Story (30)… for just that reason!

1.  leisure 2.  bring 3.  wit 4.  comment 5.  great 6.  exhibit 7.  create 8.  develop 9.  introduce 10.  leisure 11.  avail 12.  visit 13.  entertain 14.  intrigue 15.  step 16.  achieve 17.  graduate 18.  three 19.  good 20.  create 21.  inform 22.  present 23.  care 24.  origin 25.  long 26.  forget 27.  suspect 28.  execute 29.  order 30.  create

4.

WELCOME TO FERRY TRAVEL IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST Some destinations are served by passenger-only ferries, some by vehicle ferries, and some like Victoria, British Columbia, by both. Schedules and rates differ with the season. (1)… of the smaller island destinations are well served by gas stations, bed-and-breakfasts, restaurants, stores and camp grounds. However, to avoid (2)…, it is important to plan ahead. Allow yourself ample travel time, both going and (3)…, and plan to arrive at the ferry terminal well ahead of sailing time. Because of the volume of traffic during the summer months and on holiday weekends, be (4)… to experience delays. BC Ferries and Washington State Ferries seem like (5)… of the highway system, which makes it possible for millions of people to access the most (6)… coastal scenery in the world. To more (7)… appreciate the rural beauty and lifestyle of some of the smaller US and Canadian islands, consider taking day trips on foot or by bicycle. Allow yourself plenty of time to enjoy the rustic beauty, rich history and leisurely recreational (8)… in this ‘Pacific Playground’.

1.  Many 2.  Convenient 3.  Return 4.  Prepare 5.  Extent 6.  Magnify 7.  Full 8.  Opportunity

5.

VICTORIA – CITY OF GARDENS Approximately 2 million visitors enjoy the beauty of Vancouver Island each year. And most start (1)… visit in Victoria. Bedecked by flowers and (2)… by sea mist, Victoria seems to bask in a (3)… glow, since the Pacific weather systems pass (4)… over the city, (5)… the ‘Garden City’ more than its fair share of sunshine. Victoria is one of the world’s most (6)… cities – carriage-horses clip-clop by (7)… stone and leaded-glass buildings, on streets lined with ornate lamps bearing floral (8)… baskets. Victoria residents’ annual bloom count makes the rest of Canada (9)…; their love of gardens is evident in the quiet, old fashioned (10)… of the city. Victoria’s British heritage has been (11)… preserved in the architecture, in the red double-decker busses that tour the city, in a variety of historical (12)… and in the retail shops that offer the (13)… in linens, woolens, china, teas and candies. The city’s focal point is the Inner Harbour where the Parliament Buildings (which at night are outlined by 3,000 lights), the stately Empress Hotel and the (14)… museum preside over the marina and promenade. (15)… out from the centre of the city are the many art galleries, Emily Carr’s (16)… home, the Maritime Museum at Bastion Square, and the world-famous Butchart Gardens. As you would expect from a travel destination of international renown, Victoria offers superb dining. Be sure to savor the splendid seafood such as scallops, oysters, crab and salmon, brought in daily by the West Coast Fishing fleet. Getting to Victoria is easy either by air or by the most scenic and (17)… route, water. Six separate (18)… operate ferry services between Victoria, Vancouver and Washington State. You may reach the island by car and passenger ferries from Anacortes, Bellingham, Port Angeles, Seattle and Vancouver.

1.  They 2.  Kiss 3.  Gold 4.  Quick 5.  Bring 6.  Picture 7.  Magnify 8.  Hang 9.  Envy 10.  Neighbour 11.  Care 12.  Attract 13.  Fine 14.  Province 15.  Branch 16.  Origin 17.  Leisure 18.  Company

6.

LONDON HIGHLIGHTS AND THAMES CRUISE Thames Cruise will show you London’s most (1)… sights – which you may wish to return to and (2)… at your leisure, later on. We begin with a drive to Charing Cross Pier, where we board The Silver Bonito. There will be an English commentary as we cruise down river (3)… landmarks like St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower of London. Back on shore, our coach takes us (4)… to the ‘Square Mile’ of the City of London. Here we’ll see the Stock Exchange, the Bank of England and the (5)… Mansion House, (6)… residence of London’s Lord Mayor. We’ll drive westward for a closer look at St. Paul’s Cathedral, then along Fleet Street and the Strand past the Inns of Court and the Royal Courts of Justice. From here, we enter Trafalgar Square to discover Westminster and the West End. ‘The City’ is the (7)… part of London. Today it is the business and (8)… centre, so you‘ll see the Stock Exchange and the Bank of England as well as (9)… buildings like the Mansion House and the Monument to the Great Fire of 1666. Some of England’s most notorious criminals have been tried at the Old Balley, with its famous statue of Justice. You’ll also see merchant’s halls and fine churches which (10)… both the Great Fire and the bombing of the last war.

1.  Fame 2.  Visit 3.  See 4.  One 5.  State 6.  Office 7.  Old 8.  Finance 9.  History 10.  Escape

7.

ALL ABOARD FOR FAMILY FUN! Step back to a time when life moved a little slower and simple pleasures were the (1)…. Edaville Railroad (2)… this era with a family fun park (3)… trains, turn-of-the-century buildings, an old-fashioned carousel, a museum, children’s rides and much more. You’ll enjoy a 30-minute ride on an authentic 2-foot, narrow-gauge railway. Steam and diesel locomotives pull passenger cars on a 5,5-mile trip through an 1,800-lage, Cranberry Lake Park and New England woodlands and ponds. You’ll witness plenty of wildlife and (4)… scenes on this ride back in time! There’s fun for kids of all ages at Edaville Railroad. Take a spin on an old-fashioned carousel or let the youngsters blow off steam on the kiddie rides. There’s also a (5)… zoo, museum, nature trails, (6)… and much more. When it’s time to eat, take your pick from a (7)… of venues. The Freight House Café offers a variety of sandwiches and meal specials. Several booths within the park feature treats and beverages. There’s even a candy shop and ice cream parlor in (8)… cabooses! In the summer, relax with the outdoor chicken barbecue and enjoy your meal at the picnic areas. There’s always plenty to do at Edaville Railroad. Whether it’s the Family Fun Weekend in June, Cranberry Harvest Festival in October or the Christmas Light Festival in November or December, there’s lots of fun for everyone. The all-new Edaville Railroad family fun park is a place you always (9)… and one you will want to visit often.

1.  Good 2.  Create 3.  Feature 4.  Picture 5.  Pet 6.  Entertain 7.  Select 8.  Renovate 9.  Remember

8.

RIDE THE RAILS BACK IN TIME! America’s romance with the rails (1)… at Edaville Railroad. This family fun park features an authentic 2-foot, narrow-gauge train (2)… back to the turn of the century. The original pieces (3)… from the old Bridgton and Harrison Railroad in Maine. In 1945, Ellis D. Atwood (4)… the defunct railway for his 1,800-acre cranberry plantation in South Carver, Mass. At Christmas, he set out decorations and took friends for rides. This (5)… became so much in demand that he (6)… to charge for tickets. (7)…, Atwood turned the railroad into a popular New England (8)… Edaville now honors its founder by (9)… his initials in the first three letters of the family fun park’s name. In 1999, after an 8-year absence, Edaville reopened to massive crowds. A $5 million renovation project is helping to restore the railroad to its (10)… glory.

1.  Continue 2.  Date 3.  Come 4.  Purchase 5.  Active 6.  Have 7.  Late 8.  Attract 9.  Include 10.  Form

9.

Reading More Accurately 1. Careless reading can never be effective. But a great many other factors affect your performance, most of which have to do with your general standard of intelligence and education. There is a limit, therefore, to how much you can hope to improve the effectiveness of your reading on a course like this. You will find, though, that the comments that follow will help to pinpoint any weaknesses you have. 2. The exercises that follow, in Section III, are designed to give you such practice – but you should supplement these by reading as much as you can on your own. 3. Some exercises can increase your vocabulary, but you can help yourself most of all by wide reading. What you read does not have to be of obvious educational value – reading thrillers and science fiction will also increase your vocabulary and improve your general reading ability. Reading is something you learn most about by doing it. 4. In fact note-making must be considered part of effective reading since you may often have to make notes on what you have read so that you can refresh your memory in the future without having to read through all the material again.

A. The size of your vocabulary and how accurate your idea is of what words mean, are very important factors in understanding what you read. B. Practice in reading accurately is the most valuable aid in improving your effectiveness in receiving written communication. C. Effective reading, like effective listening, is, first of all, a matter of concentration and effort. D. Your efficiency as a reader in a communication situation is also closely related to your ability to pick out quickly what is important and to summarise and remember this.

10.

Difference between speech and writing: words 1. That is the way writing started, of course, but once a written form of language has been established, it is very slow to change. Oral language, on the other hand, is changing all the time – people are always thinking up new ways of saying what they want to say or using old words in new senses to fit new circumstances. The spoken language and the written language quickly get out of step with each other and, at any particular moment of history, there is bound to be a great deal of difference between the way people write and the way they speak. This does not mean that what people say that is different from the written language, is wrong – it is just different. 2. This could be seen happening with words such as hippy, junkie, and gear (clothes and accessories). They were just coming out of the stage of being used only in speech and beginning to appear in writing – first, in rather informal writing, as in newspapers and magazines, then, more slowly, in books. 3. The various stages of acceptance into writing of a colloquialism can be seen by looking at an up-to-date dictionary. It is followed by abbreviation col or coll. Finally when it is fully accepted and can be used in even the most formal writing, it is entered like any other word. 4. In the sense of a little jump or falling over something, it is a very ancient part of the written language. In the sense of a visit, it was still considered colloquial at the beginning of the nineteenth century although now, of course, it is fully accepted in all types of writing. 5. Many simply die out. Others stay colloquial – for example alright, which has existed since the 19th century but is still not considered suitable for the more formal kinds of writing.

A. The word trip is a typical example of what we are discussing. B. Gradually, many of the new words (or old words in new senses) that have been developed in the spoken language become absorbed into the written language. C. Not all colloquialisms become incorporated into the written language with the passing of time. D. It is a mistake to think that writing is simply speech written down. E. Words and expressions which are current in speech but not fully accepted into the written language, are called ‘colloquialisms’.

KEY:

1.

THE WALLACE COLLECTION 1.  Display 2.  Their 3.  Acquired 4.  Nineteenth 5.  Fourth 6.  Bequeathed 7.  Twenty-five 8.  Unsurpassed 9.  Eighteenth 10.  Magnificent 11.  Further 12.  Including 13.  Preserved 14.  Greatest

2.

TOWER RAVENS 1.  Patrolled 2.  Magnificent 3.  Closely 4.  Territories 5.  Eaters 6.  Mostly 7.  Centuries 8.  Guarded 9.  Respected 10.  Protected 11.  Lowest 12.  Bombing 13.  Proudly 14.  Peneration

3.

THE OXFORD STORY 1.  Leisurely 2.  Bringing 3.  Witty 4.  Commentary 5.  Greatest 6.  Exhibition 7.  Created 8.  Developed 9.  Introduces 10.  Leisurely 11.  Available 12.  Visitors 13.  Entertaining 14.  Intriguing 15.  Stepping 16.  Achievements 17.  Undergraduate 18.  Third 19.  Best 20.  Was created 21.  Informative 22.  Presentation 23.  Careful 24.  Original 25.  Longest 26.  Unforgettable 27.  Suspected 28.  Execution 29.  Extraordinary 30.  Created

4.

WELCOME TO FERRY TRAVEL IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 1.  Most 2.  Inconvenience 3.  Returning 4.  Prepared 5.  Extensions 6.  Magnificent 7.  Fully 8.  Opportunities

5.

VICTORIA – CITY OF GARDENS 1.  Their 2.  Kissed 3.  Golden 4.  Quickly 5.  Bringing 6.  Picturesque 7.  Magnificent 8.  Hanging 9.  Envious 10.  Neighbourhoods 11.  Carefully 12.  Attractions 13.  Finest 14.  Provincial 15.  Branching 16.  Original 17.  Leisurely 18.  Companies

6.

LONDON HIGHLIGHTS AND THAMES CRUISE 1.  Revisit 2.  Famous 3.  Seeing 4.  First 5.  Stately 6.  Official 7.  Oldest 8.  Financial 9.  Historic 10.  Escaped

7.

ALL ABOARD FOR FAMILY FUN! 1.  best 2.  Recreates 3.  Featuring 4.  Picturesque 5.  Petting 6.  Entertainment 7.  Selection 8.  Renovated 9.  Will remember

8.

RIDE THE RAILS BACK IN TIME! 1.  Continues 2.  Dating 3.  Came 4.  Purchased 5.  Activity 6.  Had 7.  Later 8.  Attraction 9.  Including 10.  Former

9.

Reading more accurately A-3. The size of your vocabulary and how accurate your idea is of what words mean, are very important factors in understanding what you read. B-2. Practice in reading accurately is the most valuable aid in improving your effectiveness in receiving written communication. C-1. Effective reading, like effective listening, is, first of all, a matter of concentration and effort. D-4. Your efficiency as a reader in a communication situation is also closely related to your ability to pick out quickly what is important and to summarise and remember this.

10.

Difference between speech and writing: words A-4. The word trip is a typical example of what we are discussing. B-2. Gradually many of the new words (or old words in new senses) that have been developed in the spoken language become absorbed into the written language. C-5. Not all colloquialisms become incorporated into the written language with the passing of time. D-1. It is a mistake to think that writing is simply speech written down. E-3. Words and expressions which are current in speech but not fully accepted into the written language, are called ‘colloquialisms’.

Compiled by Natalya Lebedeva,

Gymnasium No. 1514, Moscow