Зачет №2 по английскому языку для 12 класса.
Учитель:
Учебник: Кузовлев язык 10-11кл.
Изучаемые темы: Изобретения.
1. Translate the words (переведите слова на русский язык).
Cordless, gadget, microwave oven, mobile, mower, remote control unit, sewing machine, automatic, to brighten, compact, essential, luxury, to operate, to save, waste, electric cell, artificial, ballpoint pen, canned/ frozen (food), diesel, digital (stereo sound system), dynamite, helicopter, improvement, instant coffee, laser, match, Microsoft, penicillin, photocopier, satellite, telegraph, telescope, to clone, to patent, to perfect, to pioneer, typewriter, X-rays, challenge, hydrogen, radar, submarine, to conquer, to launch, abandon, offender, baking powder, gasoline, to reduce, to sacrifice, to institute, fine, back, the Internet, invaluable, appliance, hairdryer.
2. Грамматика. (Past Perfect Passive)
Для описания событий или действий, которые были совершены до определенного действия или момента в прошлом, используется Past Perfect Passive
Past Perfect Passive образуется с помощью had been + 3-я форма глагола (если глагол правильный – гл. + ed, если глагол неправильный – 3я форма).
In 1945 A. Fleming got the Nobel Prize for penicillin which had been discovered by him in 1928. (В 1945 году А. Флеминг получил Нобелевскую премию за пенициллин, который был открыт им в 1928 году).
В предложении со сказуемым-глаголом в действительном залоге дополнение соответствует подлежащему в предложении со сказуемым-глаголом в страдательном залоге.
Past Perfect Passive Past Perfect Active
Предложение со сказуемым-глаголом Предложение со сказуемым-глаголом
в действительном залоге в страдательном залоге
By1928 penicillin (подлежащее) had By 1928 Alexander Fleming had discovered
been discovered by Alexander Fleming. penicillin (дополнение).
Для того чтобы указать исполнителя действия, можно использовать косвенное дополнение, выраженное существительным с предлогом by.
Для того чтобы показать, что какое-либо действие было полностью завершено, используется Past Perfect Passive в придаточных предложениях после союзов when/after.
When the apparatus had been built, T. Edison started experimenting with it. (Когда аппарат был построен, Т. Эдисон начал проводить с ним эксперименты.)
After the apparatus had been built, T. Edison started experimenting with it. (После того как аппарат был построен, Т. Эдисон начал проводить с ним эксперименты.)
Change Past Perfect Active into Past Perfect Passive.
1. I had written the letter when he came.
2. He had finished the work by 5 o’clock.
3. They had fulfilled the plan by the end of the last year.
4. People had made the first gas stove before the first electric stove appeared.
5. Doug Engelhart had earned nearly two dozen patens before he introduced the computer mouse.
3. Read and translate the text. (Прочитайте и переведите текст).
Ice-Cream Cone
For people who lived anywhere near St. Louis, Missouri, the biggest event in the summer 1904 was the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, which took place in that city. No one knew beforehand, but that exposition was the occasion where ice-cream cones were first made and sold. The person who did it was named Charles Menches and he was a seller of ice-cream. But he didn’t plan to invent the ice-cream cone. This is how it happened. Charles Menches sold his ice-cream in dishes the way every other ice-cream man did. That August when Louisiana Purchase Exposition was at its height, was a real scorcher (жаркий день), however, and one day disaster struck Mr. Menches. There were so many hot and thirsty people waiting ice-cream that he ran out of dishes. And it wasn’t even noon. He had more than half a day of business ahead and not a single dish to serve his ice-cream on. What did Menches do? He looked around him and thought fast. Nearby was a stand where his friend, Ernest Hamwi, who was from Syria, was selling a Middle Eastern treat Zalabia. Zalabia consists of a crisp, wafer (вафля) – like pastry (тесто) sold with syrup. “Give me Zalabia!” cried Menches. He rolled up the Zalabia, scooped (черпать) his ice-cream on top, and presto (очень быстрый темп)! Ice-cream cones were born.
Complete the sentences with a word or a phrase. (Дополните предложения словом или фразой).
1. The Louisiana Purchase Exposition was the biggest event in the… .
2. That exposition was the occasion where ice-cream was first… .
3. It wasn’t even noon but Carles Menches, a seller of ice-cream, had no … to serve his ice-cream on.
4. Menches’ friend … a Middle Eastern treat Zalabia.
5. Zalabia consists of a …, water - like pastry sold with syrup.
6. Menches … the Zalabia, scooped his ice-cream on the top and ice-cream cones were born.
