– учитель английского языка
МОБУ СОШ № 10 г. Сочи.
Внеклассное мероприятие.
Экскурсия в школьный музей Истории Кубанского Казачества.
Цели:
1. ознакомление с историей и бытом кубанского казачества.
2. Закрепление навыков аудирования и монологической речи.
Оборудование: экспозиции школьного музея.
Ход мероприятия:
1.Организационный момент.
Dear friends! Welcome to our museum of Kuban Cossack History. It is the only school museum in our city where you can learn about the history of Cossacks, their family life, costumes and other interesting facts connected with Cossacks. Our guides will help you. The museum was founded in 2002 by our headmaster V. V.Davidov and our history teacher T. I.Fedorenco. The idea of its creation was supported by the representatives of Cossacks in our town. They help us to fulfill the exhibits of our museum. Listen to our guides attentively and be ready to answer my questions at the end of the excursion.
2.Проведение экскурсии.
And now come in. (the children are singing)
The first guide: Hello, my name is- .
We start our excursion. These singers are the first year students. They are the only form in our city who studies the traditions and culture of Cossacks and this form is called 'Young Cossacks'. Having listened to the folk song you were involved into the atmosphere of Cossack's family life. Unfortunately Sochi citizens can see the items of Cossacks every day life only on pictures or in books. Here you will learn more about them. First of all I am going to tell about their houses which were called huts. Every young man built his own hut. Usually all his relatives, neighbours and friends helped him. A hut was built from natural materials such as clay, chaff, brushwood and cane. This mixture was called 'саман' in Russian. Inside the hut was whitewashed. Some huts still exist in the Kuban region. The hut was divided into two rooms: the
great hut with the Russian hearth and the small hut. Here you can see the great hut. In the middle of the room there was a handmade table and benches. The 'red corner' was the central place in the room. Every family has one or several icons in the corner. The 'red corner' was decorated with handmade towels. As a rule these towels, with lace and embroidery, were the traditional elements of decorating the Cossack houses.
Also in this room you can see the articles of the household stuff. Cossacks were great farmers in piece time and here are their implements of agriculture: a pitchfork, a rake, a yoke, harness. Cossacks paid a great attention to reading and writing and here you can see their writing materials and books for teaching children.
Women were hardworking. They worked on the fields and at home. Here are their things: an iron, scales, bottles for home-brewed vodka, a samovar, a lot of pottery and of course a spinning wheel, with the help of it they spun yarn.
You can see a very interesting item - the bride's box. The bride's dowry consisted of the articles of homespun cloth such as skirts, shirts, sheets, shawls and others. And of course, Cossacks had coins and notes for their needs.
I've shown you things which were used by Cossacks many years ago and now my colleague will tell you about the history of Cossacks.
The second guide. Hello, my name is--- .I'd like to tell you
about the great history of Cossacks. But at first answer my question. What does the word 'Cossack' mean? (Student's answers). Yes, you are right. It means a free person. They were brave, strong and honest.
This way please. I want to tell you that now the traditions of Kuban Cossacks are being renewed. And our president V. V.Putin and the governor of the Kuban Region A. N.Tkachyev support this idea and make their best for the revival of Kuban Cossack.
Who knows when the first Cossack settlement appeared in our region?(Students answers)
The regular settlement of Kuban by Russian subject had started after two Russian-Turkey wars of the 18th 1787 Zaporozhie Cossacks who were expelled from the territory of modern-day Ukraine, settled along the Kuban River near the Black Sea, this new Cossack community was called the Black Sea Cossack Host. Catherine the Great granted the lands of the Taman Peninsula with the environs on June, 1792 to the Black Sea Host which became famous after battles with Turks. The goal
was to protect new south boundaries of Russia. In the same year Cossacks founded near the junction of the Kuban and Karasun rivers their fortress, later on named Ekaterinodar (now Krasnodar).
On this exposition you can see the information about Cossacks 'Orthodox Kuban'. Cossacks have always been Orthodox believers.
This information board tells us about the Cossack atamans from 1757 till 1917.
Every Cossack from the eager youngsters to the graying veteran of many wars was a fighter, first and last. Alexander S. Pushkin wrote about Cossacks: «Always on horseback, always ready to fight, always on the alert". These displays show us this side of their life. Here you can see the evolution of the military uniform from 1810 till 1945.And here are the rewards of piece time and war time. How were they called? For what were they given? (Students answers). Yes, St. George medals and others were given for Rescue and Zeal, Golden and Silver Crosses were given for heroism. These things belonged to Cossacks: icons, crosses and different old books. These are the rewards of the First World War: For Faith and Courage, For Service to Tsar. These are the rewards of the Second World War. Here you can see Cossacks arms: swords. Cossacks were proud of their arms, often passed from grandfather to father, and from father to son, and of their horses. And this exposition tells us about the Kuban Cossack Voisko nowadays. Follow my colleague, please, to the next exposition.
The third guide. Hello, my name is . What can you see here?
Who can guess? (Students answers). Yes/No. These things were found on the battlefields of the Second World War near Tuapse.
This way please. Let's speak about the national clothes. Man's costume consisted of military uniform and casual clothes. But as a rule Cossacks wore their uniform both in war and piece time Cossack uniform had been established by the end of the 19th century. Who can describe Cossack uniform? (Students answers). It was cherkeska made of black cloth, dark wide trousers, beshmet, bekesha and bashlyc, winter Caucasian felt cloak, papakha, and ammunition boots.
Now look at the women's clothes. Do you think it is a casual costume or for special occasions? (Students answers). Why do you think so?
Woman's costume consisted of a skirt and a blouse. The blouse was always with long sleeves and it was decorated with smart buttons, braid,
handmade lace and beads. The skirt was decorated with lace, frills and small tucks. The peculiarity of woman's costume was headdresses: lace shawls, caps. Woman's costume was a special thing in their life. Not only every voisko, every stanitsa and even every Cossack clan had their special costume which differed from others by details. According to woman's clothes everybody could learn if she was married or not, if she was a widow or a bride, how many children she had got.
Between the samples of clothes you can see the Cossack figures in their national clothes reflecting family life and handicraft. Here you can read the first hymn of Cossacks.
In our museum we have some books of Russian historians about Cossacks-Sherbina and Korolenko. And now my colleague will continue our excursion.
The fourth guide. Hello, my name is-' .
You have already learnt a lot of interesting facts about Cossacks, their history, family life, costumes, and rewards. Cossacks have always been proud of their flag and here you can see their flag. And now I want you to learn their ten commandments. These commandments played and still play a great role in the life of Cossacks. Do you know what commandments are? (Students answers). Yes, you are right! They are rules according to which Cossacks lived and live now. Please, listen to them.
1. Honour and good name for Cossack is dearer than life! Keep your dignity in any situation! Don't envy other people. Be friendly!
2. Cossacks are equal in their rights! Remember «There is neither a prince nor a slave, but everybody is the God's slave"
3. All Cossacks will be judged by your deeds. Don't make bad deeds and keep others from it. Be honest and truthful!
4. Serve your nation and your Motherland but don't serve the leaders.
5. Be as good as your word. The Cossack's word is the dearest.
6. Respect elder people!
7. Keep your forefathers' religion, act according to your national customs.
8. Perish yourself but rescue your friend.
9. Be hardworking! Don't remain inactive!
10.Take care of your family and set an example! Bring up your
children to be honest, kind, brave, sympathetic, devoted to their
Motherland. Give your children worthy education. Cossack must
protect a woman!
These are the ten Cossack commandments. Are they essential and up-to-date? (Possible answers: a man must be honest, truthful, brave in any situation; he must love his country and serve it; he mustn`t make bad deeds; ets.)
If everybody follows such commandments our life will be happy.
3. Подведение итогов
Our excursion is over. Today, thanks to our guides we have learnt a lot of interesting things. But do you know that our region is the birthplace of lots of remarkable people how has made a valuable contribution to the development of science, culture and sport. Can you name some of them? (Writers – I. Varrava, A. D. Znamenski; scientists-P. P. Lukjyanenko, V. S. Pustovojt; composer-G. Ponomarenko; a cosmonaut-Sevostjyanov; sportsmen-Kafelnikov, Voevoda; an actress-N. Mordyukova.)
I hope that our excursion has enriched your knowledge. And now I am going to ask you some questions: 1. What was the Cossacks main job? 2. What items did you see in the great hut? 3. When did the first Cossack settlement appear in our region? 4. Name the main Cossacks` rewards. 5. What are the main Cossacks` commandments? Thank you, see you later!
Литература:
1. «Моя Кубань. Природа, история, хозяйство, города Краснодарского края»
2. «Кубанская старина. Жизнь и быт казаков»
3. Родная Кубань-страницы истории. Книга для чтения,
под редакцией профессора .
