Контрольная работа № 3

Контрольная работа № 3

Вариант I

LOADING

Before the commencement of loading the ship all necessary preparations should be made both in the port and on board the ship to be loaded. First of all, the cargo plan roust be drawn up. In our ports this document is drawn up at the Chief Controller's Office while in foreign ports the Ship Agent and the Master draw up the cargo plan.

Before loading the Chief Stevedore (or Boss Stevedore), who is in charge of loading the ship, secures the necessary number of stevedore gangs, obtains port cargo handling facilities. He also supervises the correct tonnage allotment for the holds. In the process of loading the Chief Stevedore checks up if cargoes are properly stowed and trimmed, for proper stowage of cargo ensures the stability of the ship loaded. It is also his duty to see that the cargo should be properly secured from shifting.

On board the ship the Cargo Officer sees to that all necessary preparations for loading should be made. Under his supervision the crewmen clear the hatches, get ready winches and cranes.

Different kinds of cargo require different equipment and appliances. For loading cases steel slings, nets and bullets are necessary; bags require nets and canvas slings; heavy lifts are loaded either with heavy duty derricks or with ship's or quay cranes; for loading flowing cargoes elevators and grabs are used; for loading containers there are gantry cranes and container bridges; as to tankers, they are loaded with the help of pipelines and hoses.

2. Поговорите о погрузке

1. What do we call the document showing the disposition of cargo in the holds?

2. When is the cargo plan drawn up?

3. Who is the cargo plan drawn up by?

4. Who makes necessary preparations for loading in the port?

5. What preparations for loading does the Chief Stevedore make?

6. What does the Chief Stevedore do in the process of loading?

7. Who makes necessary preparations for loading on board the ship?

8. What preparations for loading do the crewmen make?

9. Who, of the ship's officers is in charge of loading?

10. What are the Cargo Officer's duties?

11. What appliances are used for loading cases (bagged cargo/heavy - lifts/flowing cargoes/ containers)?

12. What is the lifting capacity of usual snip's derricks (of heavy duty derricks)?

13. How are RO-RO (tankers) vessels loaded?

14. What cargo handling facilities are there in this port?

3. Скажите по-английски.

1. Грузовой план должен быть составлен до начала погрузки.

2. Стивидор может начинать погрузку.

3. Мы не можем начинать по­грузку, так как грузовой план не готов.

4. Сколько бригад вы обеспечите для погрузки?

5. Какой такелаж вам нужен для работы?

6. Кто будет наблюдать за правильным распределением тоннажа?

7. Подготовьте лебедки и грузовые стрелы для погрузки.

8. Освобо­дите люки и подготовьте к выгрузке тяжеловесы, если они имеют­ся.

9. Бимсы были сняты двумя матросами.

10. Тяжелые ящики требуют стальных тросов для погрузки.

11. Посмотрите на крено­метр (a list meter): у нас крен (a list) 10 градусов на левый борт. Очевидно, грузчики неверно распределили тяжелые пакеты.

12. Грузчики распределили груз равномерно. Я думаю, нужно прове­рить балластные танки.

13. В трюм № 2 нужно погрузить 5 тяжело­весов. Достаточна ли мощность судовых стрел для их погрузки? - Нет, эти тяжеловесы превышают мощность судовых стрел, придет­ся грузить их береговым краном.

14. Какова допустимая нагрузка: этой грузовой стрелы? Нам надо погрузить два тяжеловеса. - Не беспокойтесь, она предназначена для тяжеловесов: ее допустимая нагрузка 10 тонн. - А каков вылет стрелы? - Вполне достаточный: 8 метров.

15. Подвиньте судно на 15 метров вперед, чтобы можно было погрузить тяжеловесы, находящиеся на причале.

16. Вы ска­зали,, что в каждом подъеме будет 25 мешков, но в этом подъеме только 20 мешков. - Нам нужны новые, более прочные стропы для этого. Я послал одного из грузчиков за ними, но ему их не дали.

Контрольная работа № 3

Вариант II

DISCHARGING

DISCHARGING (unloading) is accomplished under the supervision of a stevedore and it is performed by dockers usually headed by a foreman. When the ship is to be unloaded the Second Mate (Cargo Officer) gives a Cargo plan and Bill of Lading to the stevedore. According to these documents the stevedore begins unloading the ship

The crewmen get ready winches and cranes, derricks, shackles, blocks, slings, sling hooks, chain slings, timber dogs, falls of tackle.

All these appliances should be prelimenary inspected for possible signs of wear. When the stevedore made sure that cargо gear was all right, he should arrange some wire nets, trays, pallets, wire slings, rope slings and canvas slings for unloading cargoes from the holds. The unloading operation is the process of lifting the cargo pieces from the holds and lowering them down on the quay.

Fork-lift trucks and lorries deliver cargoes to the warehouses. Sometimes the cargoes may be unloaded directly from the ship's holds into lighter. If there are some extra weights in the holds they may be unloaded by heavy lift cranes, heavy derricks, gantries or even by floating cranes. The cranes mentioned above (except floating cranes) are of lifting capacity up to 10 tons. The floating cranes can handle heavy саgо pieces up to 300 tons. The condition of cargо pieces should be noted on the spot. Damaged packages, torn sacks and leaky barrels are put aside immediately.

ПОЯСНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ

1. falls of tackles - лопоря талей

2.  signs of wear - признаки износа

3.  to make sure - убедиться

4.  on the spot - на месте

2. Что вы узнали из текста? Поговорите о разгрузке.

1. Who supervises discharging?

2. According to what documents does the stevedore begin discharging?

3. What do the crewmen get ready before discharging?

4., By whom are all cargo-lifting appliances inspected?

5. What are all cargo-lifting appliances inspected for?

6. What mechanisms are used for handling extraweights?

7. What is the maximum weight of one cargo piece that can be handled by a floating crane?

8. What does a stevedore do with damaged pieces of cargo?

3. Скажите по-английски.

1. Разгрузка проводится под наблюдением стивидора.

2. Раз­грузку выполняют докеры.

3. Стивидор получает грузовой план и коносамент от грузового помощника.

4. Стивидор начинает раз­грузку в соответствии с этими документами.

5. Матросы подго­тавливают лебедки и краны к выгрузке груза. 6. Они должны пред­варительно проверить все приспособления.

7. Стивидор убеждает­ся, что все в порядке.

8. Разгрузка - это процесс поднятия грузов из трюма и опускания их на причал.

9. Иногда груз разгружают сразу на лихтеры.

10, Состояние грузовых мест следует отмечать тут же на месте.

11. Поврежденные ящики и мешки следует отло­жить в сторону.

Контрольная работа № 3

Вариант III

DUNNAGE

. Dunnage is the material used for protecting cargoes from possible
damage.

Correct dunnaging of cargoes is extremely important Dunnaging serves the following purposes, according to the nature of the cargo carried:

1. to protect it from contact with water from the bilges, leakage from other cargo, from the ship's side or from double bottom tanks;

2.  to protect it from contact with moisture or sweat which con­denses on ship's sides, frames, bulkheads, and falls down on the

3. to prevent chafage of packages.

For ordinary cargoes the permanent ceiling is sufficient provided it is dry, clean and free from oil stains.

Where the condition of permanent ceiling is bad, additional dunnaging and matting are necessary.

Dunnage must be dry, dean, sound land free from stains which may contaminate the cargo in contact with it.

The use of dunnage retaining the odour of a previous cargo should be avoided. The types of dunnage materials best suited to any particular cargo are as follows: boards, battens, carboard, card-wood, tarpaulins, mats, plywood.

The selection of dunnage for some cargoes depends on a kind of a cargo.

With a bagged cargo size is the criterion for selection: Wide boards are preferable to smaller sizes, for, by placing the former closely together a flooring is formed which does not prevent air circulation and it prevents the sagging of the bags between the boards.

The considerable top weight of a bagged cargo will cause bottom bags to tear by sagging through narrow, widely spaced and badly laid dunnage.

A general cargo may be dunnaged efficiently almost with any types of wooden boards or battens provided they fulfil the requirements of cleanlineless. The boards or battens, however, should be selected in accordance with the sizes of the packages or bales necessary for a compact stow.

2. Что вы узнали из текста? Поговорите о сепарационных ма­териалах.

1. What is dunnaging used for?

2. On what parts of the hold do moisture and sweat condense?

3. What requirements should dunnage materials fulfil?

4. When is additional dunnagitig necessary?

5. What kind of dunnage must be avoided to use?

6. What kind of dunnage materials do you know?

7. What docs the selection of dunnage depend on?

8. What kind of dunnage is used for bagged cargo?

9. What may sagging cause?

10. What may general cargo of different shapes cause?

11. What is a liberal supply of dunnage used for?

3. Скажите по-английски.

1. Подстилочный материал защищает груз от трения, поломки, влаги.

2. Подстилка должна быть сухой, чистой и без масляных пя­тен. 3. Подстилка с пятнами может запачкать груз.

4. Следует избе­гать подстилки, имеющей неприятный (offensive) запах.

5. Доски, рейки, картон, брезент, фанера и маты лучше всего подходят для подстилки под груз.

6. При укладке мешкового груза доски надо укладывать близко друг к другу, чтобы избежать провисания меш­ков между ними.

7. Мешки, провисшие в щели (spaces), могут ра­зорваться.

8. Для генерального груза пригодны почти все типы деревянных досок и реек

9. Грузовые места, имеющие разную форму, вес и размеры, могут сломать и сместить ранее уложенную под­стилку.

Контрольная работа № 3

Вариант IV.

STOWAGE

Stowage is the placing of cargoes either in ship's hold or on her deck. The method of stowage must ensure the following:

1. The preservation of crew and ship from danger of injury arising from the manner in which the cargo is stowed.

2.  To protect the cargo from damage, loss and to ensure its sound delivery.

3. The economy of cargo space that depends on the vessels
earning capacity.

4. The highest possible rate of port speed, i. e. the rate at which the
vessel is capable to load or discharge her cargo.

A plan showing the disposition of cargoes should be drawn up. It is called the stowage or cargo plan. The cargo plan should be drawn up carefully.

While stowing the cargo the stevedore and the cargo officer should ensure the ship's stability and seaworthiness. Cargo must be stowed and fastened reliably to avoid shifting.

Special attention should be paid to the stowage of barrels. For this kind of cargo bottom stowage is preferable.

The method of stowage depends on the kind of the, cargo. Light cargoes are stowed on top of heavy cargoes, the latter being given bottom stowage.

The stevedores and ship's cargo officers use such a term as "broken stowage", which is eased to express space which Is lost and unoccupied by cargo between and round the packages; space occupied by dunnage; space at sides, ends and on top of cargo.

2. Что вы узнали из текста? Поговорите об укладке грузов.

1. What is stowage?

2. What does the preservation of crew and; ship from danger of injury depend on?

3. What docs the rate of port speed depend on?

4. What do you call the paper which shows the disposition of cargoes throughout the ship?

5. Who draws up a cargo plan?

6. What is the cargo plan drawn up for?

7. What should the stevedore and cargo officer ensure?

8. Why must cargo packages be stowed and fastened reliably?

9. What does a reliable fastening of cargo pieces prevent from?

10. How should barrels be stowed?

11. What does the method of stowage depend on?

12. How are light and heavy cargo pieces stowed?

13. What does the term "broken stowage" mean?

14. What does the loss of space depend on?

15 When is the loss of space smaller with free flowing cargoes or with general cargoes?

16. What cargo pieces ensure full stowage?

17. What packages call for loss of space?

18. How can the loss of space be avoided?

3. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Правильная укладка предохранит груз от повреждения.

2. Наилучшее использование грузового пространства зависит от эксплуатационных возможностей судна.

3. В нашем порту очень высокая норма грузовых операций.

4. Тщательно (carefully) составленный грузовой план поможет избежать пре­тензий по грузу.

5. При укладке груза (while stowing) необходимо обеспечить остойчивость и мореходность судна.

6. Укладывайте груз так, чтобы избежать его подвижки (shifting) во время шторма.

7. Особое внимание уделите укладке бочек.

8. Незаполненное гру­зом пространство (lost space) образуется из-за (due to) грузовых мест неправильной формы, из-за пиллерсов, переборок, стоек пе­реборок.

9. При сыпучих грузах (with free flowing goods), при усло­вии, что (provided) они погружены над лежащим образом, потеря грузового пространства не велика (high).

10. Потеря грузового про­странства очень велика при погрузке грузовых мест неправильной формы, таких как машины, катушки кабеля и т. п.

Контрольная работа № 3

Вариант V

TALLYING CARGO

То tally is "to check" or "to keep a record" of all cargo loaded into or discharged from a vessel It is an essential part of cargo work in order to prevent claims, sometimes illegitimate, upon the ship or stevedores for short discharge or loading.

As is often the case, there are so many channels through which consignments have to pass before they eventually reach the consignee after discharge that much confusion and worry can be avoided, if the shipper and carrier safeguard their own interests.

The tallying of a cargo should be made in alphabetically indexed books, one for each hatch and each port of discharge, and should consist bf records of all marks and numbers of the goods, description, quantity, disposition of stow within a compartment.

A ship's responsibility ends when the cargo crosses the rail,, therefore tallying should be made on board the vessel and hot, as it often happens, ashore in the warehouse.

Tallying is done by shore and ship's tallymen. The tallyman counts the number of cargo pieces in each draft, before they are removed from the sling. If a draft is some pieces short or extra the tallyman must inform a stevedore about it on the spot between the ship tally and shore tally and any difference immediately investigated. In some cases it may even be necessary to retally a consignment if the discrepancy is large.

Пояснения к тексту

1.  tallying cargo - счет груза

2.  to keep a record - зд. вести запись

3.  in order to - для того, чтобы

4.  illegitimate - зд. необоснованный

5.  to prevent claims upon the ship - чтобы предотвратить претензии к судну

6.  short discharge - выгрузка с недостачей

7.  as is often the case - как это часто бывает

8.  consignments have to pass - партия груза должна пройти

9.  confusion and worry can be avoided можно избежать путаницы и беспокойства

10. a draft is some pieces short or extra - в подъеме на несколько
мест меньше или больше

2. Ответьте по образцу.

Образец: - Why do you use an indexed book? (to make all the records...) - I use an indexed book in order to make all the records concerning the goods.

1. Why do you retally the cargo pieces? (to make sure that tallying is correct)

2. Why should tallies be compared and agreed at the end of the day? (to see that there is no discrepancy)

3. Why do you use the dunnage? (to protect..)

4. Why do you discharge this cargo under the shed? (to prevent the rain to spoil)

5. Why is it necessary to keep cotton bales in the storehouse? (to protect them from...)

3. Скажите, почему:

1. it is important to keep records of all marks and disposition of stow while tallying the cargo;

2. tallying should be made on board the vessel;

3. it is necessary sometimes to retally a consignment.

4. Скажите по-английски.

1. Тальманский счет производится для того, чтобы избежать претензий на недостачу груза.

2. Если тальман невнимателен, он может сделать много ошибок в своих записал.

3. Тальманские за­писи состоят из записей количества грузовых мест, их номеров (ес­ли имеются), их состояния.

4. Ответственность судна за груз кон­чается, когда он выгружен на причал.

5. Тальманские записи долж­ны делаться на борту судна, а не на берегу.

6. В конце дня тальман­ские записи берегового и судового тальманов должны сверяться (to compare).

7. Если расхождение (discrepancy) велико, необходимо пересчитать партию груза вновь.

8. Количество грузовых мест сле­дует считать до того, как они сняты со стропа.