Тема 4. Структура и функции банков в США.
Financial institutions in the USA.
Words and Expressions
Notes: adj. - прилагательное; v. - глагол; n. - существительное.
to call (v) - называть
to be called - называться
to deal (v) - действовать, иметь дело
to deal in - иметь дело с
a deal (n) - дело, сделка, соглашение
to do a deal with - заключать сделку с
a dealer - дилер, агент
financial institutions - финансовые организации
to meet (v) - встречать, встречаться; удовлетворять (потребность, желание)
to need (v) - нуждаться
a need (n) - нужда, потребность
to save (v) - спасать, сберегать
savings - сберегательный; сбережения
to loan (v) - ссужать, давать взаймы.
a loan (n) - ссуда
mutual (adj.) - совместный, общий
to invest (v) - вкладывать деньги, капитал
investor (n) - вкладчик
investment (n) - вклад, капиталовложение
private (adj.) - частный
profit (n} - прибыль
to profit (by) (v) - получать прибыль (с чего-либо)
to serve (v) - служить
service (n) - услуга
to offer (v) - предлагать
to check (v) - проверять
checking - расчетный (счет)
account (n) - счет
broker (n) - брокер
brokerage (n) - комиссионное вознаграждение; брокерская деятельность
to insure (v) - страховать
insurance (n) - страхование
advice, (n) - совет
to advise (v) - советовать, консультировать
adviser (n) - советник, консультант
to pledge (v) - отдавать в залог, закладывать, ручаться
collateral (n) - дополнительное обеспечение
secure (adj.) - гарантированный, надежный
security (n) - безопасность, обеспечение; залог, ценная бумага
prime (adj.) - первый, первичный, лучший, базовый
rate (n) - ставка, тариф, коэффициент, степень, такса
prime interest rate - базовая процентная ставка
interest (n) - интерес, выгода
rate of interest - процентная ставка
customer (n) - клиент, покупатель
certificate (n) - свидетельство, удостоверение, диплом
deposit (n) - вклад
to deposit - делать вклад
tо charge (v) - назначать, устанавливать (плату) (плату)
charge (n) - издержка, цена
free (adj.) - свободный; бесплатный
free of charge - бесплатный
to assess (v) - облагать податью, устанавливать (плату); определять
balance (.n) - баланс
to charter - даровать привилегию
fee (n) - вознаграждение
Text. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U. S.A.
Внимательно прочитайте и переведите текст с опорой на слова и выражения данные выше. Переведите и выучите выделенные выражения из текста.
Businesses that distribute or deal in money are called financial institutions. New institutions that meet new financial needs are appearing almost every day in the USA. The most familiar institutions are commercial banks, savings banks, savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, credit unions, investment banks and so on.
A commercial bank is a privately owned profit-making corporation. It serves both individuals and businesses by offering checking and savings accounts, loans, and credit cards. It also deals in some brokerage, insurance, and financial advice.
The commercial bank is the most important source of short-term loans for businesses. Sometimes the borrowers pledge collateral to back up the loan. Such loan is a secured loan. Companies with a good financial position are given the prime rate of interest which is the lowest commercial interest rate.
The commercial bank offers its customers accounts of two types: demand deposits and time deposits. A demand deposit makes the money in it available to depositors immediately, while a time deposit requires depositors to leave their money with the bank for a stated period of time.
Most banks offer their customers various savings certificates, called certificates of deposit. Savers may put their money into thirty day, six month, or two and a half year certificates. The highest interest is paid to the customers who deposit their money for a longer period.
Banking services are not free and banks charge fees for) them. Many banks assess a service fee if an account balance falls beneath a particular minimum , such as $200.
There are two types of commercial banks. A national bank is chartered by the federal government. About one third of г commercial banks are national. A state bank, which is small than a national bank, is chartered by an individual state.
Упражнение 1.
Кратко ответьте на вопросы с опорой на текст.
Например, 1. What are the businesses called that distribute or deal in money?
Financial institutions
1. What is a commercial bank?
2. What services does a commercial bank offer to its customers?
3. What do the customers do sometimes to back up the loan?
4. What kind of an interest rate do commercial banks give to companies with a good financial position?
5. What types of accounts do commercial banks offer to their customers?
6. What is a demand deposit?
7. What is a time deposit?
8. What does the interest rate depend on?
9. What do banks charge for the services they offer to their customers?
Упражнение 2.
Постарайтесь перевести самостоятельно предложения с русского на английский, а затем сверьте свой перевод с ключом. Используйте конструкции - there is/there are - где необходимо.
1. Существуют ли бесплатные банковские услуги?
2. Нет, бесплатных банковских услуг не бывает.
3. Многие банки устанавливают плату за услуги.
4. Компании с хорошим финансовым положением получают некоторые привилегии.
5. Много ли денег на вашем расчетном счете?
6. В моем справочнике (reference book) один коммерческий банк и три страховые компании.
7. На Вашем расчетном счете нет денег.
8. Есть два вида вкладов: срочный вклад и вклад до востребования.
9. Мне нужна краткосрочная ссуда для бизнеса.
10. Коммерческий банк - это частная корпорация.
Ответы:
Упражнение 1.
1. Commercial banks, savings banks, savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, credit unions, investment banks
2. Privately owned profit-making corporation
3. Checking and savings accounts, loans, credit cards, brokerage, insurance, financial advice
4. Pledge collateral
5. The prime rate of interest
6. Demand deposits, time deposits
7. Money available immediately
8. Money for a stated period of time
9. Period of time
10. Fees
Упражнение 2.
1. Are there free of charge banking services?
2. No, there are no free of charge banking services.
3. Many banks charge fees for the services.
4. Companies with a good financial position are chartered.
5. Are there a lot of /much money on your checking account?
6. There is one commercial bank and three insurance companies in my reference book. / In my reference book there is one commercial bank and three insurance companies.
7. There is no money on your checking account.
8. There are two types of deposits: time deposit and demand deposit.
9. I need a short term loan for business.
Commercial bank is a private corporation.
