Причастие прошедшего времени (Participle II)

Причастие прошедшего времени (Participle II)

Причастие прошедшего времени (Participle II) тоже неличная форма глагола, также имеющая свойства глагола, прилагательного и наречия. Но в отличие от причастия настоящего времени, причастие прошедшего времени имеет лишь одну неизменяемую форму, по сути, это третья форма глагола. Причастие прошедшего времени в английском языке соответствует русскому страдательному причастию:

to give (давать) - given (данный)
to teach (обучать) - taught (обученный)
to break (ломать) - broken (сломанный)

Причастие прошедшего времени (Participle II) употребляется для образования совершённых (перфектных) времён. Эти времена образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола have, has, had, will have и третьей формы глагола, т. е. причастия прошедшего времени.

Recently they have watched a new film.
(Present Perfect - настоящее совершённое)
Они недавно посмотрели новый фильм.

They had watched a new film before I came.
(Past Perfect - прошедшее совершённое)
Они посмотрели новый фильм до того, как я пришёл.

They will have finished watching a new film by the time I come.
(Future Perfect - будущее совершённое)
Они закончат смотреть новый фильм к тому времени, как я приду.

Причастие прошедшего времени также употребляется для образования страдательного залога:

The museum was opened only last year.
Музей был открыт только в прошлом году.

Flowers are grown almost in any part of the world.
Цветы выращивают почти в любой части света.

Как самостоятельная часть речи причастие прошедшего времени (Participle II) употребляется в различных функциях:

- в качестве именной части составного сказуемого после глаголов: to be (быть), to feel (чувствовать), to look (выглядеть), to get (становиться), to become (становиться), etc. В этом случае Participle II переводится на русский язык страдательным причастием, прилагательным или наречием:

My pencil is broken.
Мой карандаш сломан.

She looked scared.
Она выглядела испуганной.

Joe felt depressed.
Джо чувствовал себя угнетённо.

- в качестве определения причастие может находиться как перед существительным, так и после него:

Clara looked at the broken vase.
Клара посмотрела на разбитую вазу.

Clara looked at the vase broken by someone.
Клара посмотрела на вазу, разбитую кем-то.

- в функции обстоятельства времени причастие отвечает на вопрос: когда? А в функции обстоятельства причины на вопросы: почему? по какой причине?

When asked what he intended to do, he said he didn't know.
Когда его спросили, что он намеривается делать, он сказал, что не знает.

Squeezed by the ice, the steamer couldn't continue her way.
Так как пароход был сжат льдом, он не мог продолжать путь.

- Причастие прошедшего времени, так же как и причастие настоящего времени может быть сложным дополнением с существительным в общем падеже или местоимением в объектном падеже:

She heard her name mentioned.
Она услышала, что упомянули её имя.

I want the work done immediately.
Я хочу, чтобы работа была сделана немедленно.

Примечание:
Русские причастия прошедшего времени действительного залога переводятся на английский язык придаточными предложениями. Например:

Делегация, прибывшая вчера, остановилась в гостинице "Москва".
The delegation that arrived yesterday is staying at the hotel "Moskva".

Полицейский, подошедший к нему, попросил показать водительские права.
The policeman who came up to him asked him to show his driver's license.

- Глагол to have + причастие прошедшего времени в функции сложного дополнения означает, что действие совершается не самим подлежащим, а кем-то другим для него, за него:

He had his shoes mended.
Он отдал в починку свои туфли.

I want to have my ceiling whitewashed.
Я хочу, чтобы мне побелили потолок.

Самостоятельный причастный оборот, в котором причастие имеет своё собственное подлежащее, может содержать причастие прошедшего времени: Предложения с самостоятельным причастным оборотом переводятся на русский язык придаточными предложениями:

All things considered, the offer seems reasonable.
Если учесть все стороны дела, предложение представляется вполне приемлемым.

With so little time left, there was no time for delay.
Так как времени осталось мало, медлить больше было нельзя.

http://www. /watch? v=b1NP1ey60_s (Adjectives with - ed & - ing)

http://www. /watch? v=15khdJh1gq0 (-ING/ - ED adjectives" Common Mistakes in English) – видео уроки

Тесты для самоконтроля

Ex.1. Выберите верный вариант ответа.

Paul is an..... student.
interesting
interested

Nancy's parents didn't like their daughter's behaviour. They were..... .
embarrassed
embarrassing

I heard some..... news on the radio.
surprising
surprised

The children went to a circus. For them, the circus was..... .
exciting
excited

That was an..... experience.
discussing
being discussed

The exploration of space is..... to me.
interesting
interested

Kate learnt that Greg and Linda were going to get married. She was..... .
surprised
surprising

Calm down! You shouldn't get..... . It's not good for your blood pressure.
exciting
excited

К каждому вопросу даны несколько вариантов ответа. Выберите тот, который считаете правильным.

1. They looked at Julia in surprise as though..... her story.
	not having believed
	not believing
	not believed
2. Julia sat..... in a corner of the sofa looking extreemely miserable.
	being hunched
	hunched
	having hunched
3. ..... to see as much as possible of the town, we hired a car.
	Having wished
	Wishing
	Wished
4. ..... that it was useless to argue with him, I dropped the subject.
	having seen
	having been seen
	seeing
5. ..... , Derek told Alice one of his invariable jokes and thus avoided the confession.
	Being pressed
	Pressed
	Having been pressed
6. ..... their car, they drove on, though it was past midnight.
	Repairing
	Having repaired
	Having been repaired
7. ..... as a taxi-driver before, Leo knew every corner of the town.
	having worked
	working
	worked
8. ..... control of his car on an icy road, the driver hit a tree.
	Losing
	Having lost
	Being lost
9. Mrs. Green doesn’t explain things well. Her explanations are..... .
	confused
	confusing
	being confused
10. The captain watched the sailors..... the steamer.
	unloading
	having unloaded
	unloaded
11. I want my phone number..... because people often get the wrong number.
	changed
	having changed
	being changed
12. A..... kindness deserves no thanks.
	forcing
	forced
	having forced
13. ..... the British museum before, I found the way there easily enough.
	Having visited
	Visited
	Visiting
14. A penny saved is a penny..... .
	gaining
	gained
	having gained
15. I like to study sea life. Marine biology is..... .
	fascinated
	fascinating
	being fascinated

Тесты для самоконтроля(ответы).doc

Задания для самостоятельной работы

Test 1. Combine the following pairs of sentences by using participles.

1.   We met a boy. He was carrying a heavy bag.
2.   The house was decorated with lights. It looked beautiful.
3.   The robbers saw the policeman. They ran away.
4.   I found the door open. I went inside.
5.   The police saw the body. It was floating down the river.
6.   He cried at the top of his voice. He rushed at the thief.
7.   We had worked for several hours. We came out of the office.
8.   The troops gave a blow to the enemy. It was stunning.
9.   His handwriting was illegible. I couldn’t figure out what he had written.
10.   We make some friendships in childhood. They last for ever.
11.   The sun had risen. We set out on our journey.
12.   I walked along the road. I saw a snake.
13.   He lost all his money in gambling. He became a pauper.
14.   I took a cue from his words. I solved the riddle.
15.   The burglars broke the door open. They entered the house.
16.   He didn’t realize the implication of his words. He went on speaking.
17.   The enemy forces had been defeated by our army. They retreated fast into their own territory.
18.   It was a fine day. Everybody was out on the roads.

Test 2. Choose the correct variant:

1.  1. She enters, ______ by her mother.
accompanying
being accompanying
accompanied

2.  2. ______ by the crash, he leapt to his feet.
Arousing
Have been aroused
Aroused

3.  ______ about the bandits, he left his valuables at home.
Warned
Having been warned
Warning

4.  4. ______ that they were trying to poison him, he refused to eat anything.
Convincing
Convinced
Convince

5.  Tom, ______ at what he had done, could at first say nothing.
horrified
having horrified
horrifying

6.  Jones and Smith came in, ______ by their wives.
followed
following
follow
have followed

7.  7. ______ by the blow, Peter fell heavily.
Stunning
Stunned
Stun

8.  The new job ______ to me lately seems to be very interesting.
offered
offering
has offered

9.  She looked at the table. There was a loaf of brown bread ______ into two halves
divides
dividing
divided
was divided

10.  The animals ______ in the morning struggled furiously.
catched
caught
catching

11.  The child ______ alone in the large room began screaming.
leaving
left
leaves

12.  12. ______, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.
Bitten twice
Biting twice
Having been bitten twice

13.  The centre of the cotton industry is Manchester ______ with Liverpool by a canal.
connecting
connected

14.  The story ______ by the old captain made the young girl cry.
tells
told
is telling

15.  He didn’t doubt that the information ______ by morning mail was of great interest to his competitors.
receiving
has received
received

16.  16. The equipment ______ in the shop is rather sophisticated.
had installing
installing
installed

17.  We’ve got a great variety of products, which are in great demand. Here are some samples ______ to our distributors last month.
sent
sanding
been sent
sended

18.  The methods ______ in the building of the new metro stations proved to be efficient.
applies
applying
applied
applyed

19.  She warmed uр the dinner that she ______ the day before.
cooking
had cooked
has cooked

20.  20. ______ by successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe.
Having been weakened
Weakened
Weaking
Had weaked

Задания для самостоятельной работы(ответы).doc