КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА ДЛЯ ЗАОЧНОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ
вариант 1
I. Выберите правильный ответ.
1. Teddy’s words made me (feel) uncomfortable.
A to feel
B feeling
C feel
2. You look tired. If I (be) you, I (take) a holiday.
A be D will take
B were E would take
C have been F take
3. All parts of London seem … to different towns and epochs.
A to belong
B belonging
C belong
4. We had a wonderful holiday in France. I wish we (go) there again next summer.
A will go
B go
C went
5. I like to watch the planes …
A take off
B to take off
C to be taking off
6. I watched my cat (play) with her kittens. I couldn’t tear myself away from that funny sight.
A played
B playing
7. Our English teacher told us (not/feel) shy and speak English as much as possible.
A not to feel
B not feel
C felt
8. Plants die if you (not/water) them.
A won’t water
B don’t water
C wouldn’t water
9. You look tired. If I (be) you, I (take) a holiday.
A be D will take
B were E would take
C have been F take
10. If Benjamin Franklin (not/work) so hard, he (not/become) the symbol of America.
A didn’t work D wouldn’t have become
B wouldn’t have worked E hadn’t become
C hadn’t worked F wouldn’t become
11. Would it be all right if I (come) round at about six?
A come
B came
C will come
12. If pigs (have) wings, they (fly).
A had D will fly
B have E fly
C would have F would fly
13. Is there anything in that new magazine worth … ?
A to read
B reading
C read
14. Although I was in a hurry, I stopped … to him.
A to talk
B talking
C talk
15. Would you mind … the front door?
A to close
B closing
C close
16. We wish our exams (be) over.
A were
B are
C be
17. We had a wonderful holiday in France. I wish we (go) there again next summer.
A will go
B do
C went
18. I wish I (not/spend) so much money. Now I have to borrow some from my parents.
A hadn’t spent
B didn’t spend
C haven’t spent
19. I’m hungry. I wish it (be) time for lunch.
A is
B are
C were
20. He seemed (know) all about influenza and said … was nothing (worry) about.
A to know, it, worry
B to be knowing, there, worrying
C to know, there, to worry
21. She put down her book (see) me (come in); and (welcome) me … she took her workbasket and sat into one of her old-fashioned armchair.
A on seeing, come in, having welcomed, as usual
B having seen, to come in, welcoming, usually
C after seeing, having come in, to welcome, in a usual way
22. I don’t object (live) there, But I don’t want (live) alone.
A to your living, you living
B to your living, you to live
C your living, you to live
23. I remember (descend) that hill in twilight. An age seemed (elapse) since the day that brought me first to London.
A descending, to have elapsed
B to have descended, to have elapsed
C to descend, to elapse
24. He stood invisible at the top of the stairs (watch) Irene (sort) the letters (bring) by the … post.
A to watch, to sort, bringing, latest
B watching, sorting, brought, last
C having watched, sorting, having brought, latest
25. On his way home Andrew could not help (reflect) what … charming fellow Ivory had turned out (be).
A to reflect, a, to be
B reflecting, the, be
C reflecting, a, to be
26. I wouldn’t like (drive) fast because I’m afraid (crash).
A drive fast, crashing
B to drive fast, of crashing
C to be driven faster, to be crashed
27. … paper is said (invent) by … Chinese.
A __, to have been invented, the
B the, to have invented, __
C the, to be invented, the
28. There is no point (speak) to him. He is … last man in the world (trouble) by any such circumstances.
A to speak, the, to trouble
B speaking, a, be troubled
C in speaking, the, to be troubled
29. He felt they (hide) something from him and demanded (tell) the truth. He wasn’t worth (tell) a lie.
A hide, telling, telling
B to hide, to tell, telling
C were hiding, being told, telling
30. (say) a few words about the author himself, the lecturer went on (speak).
A after saying, to speak
B having said, speaking
C saying, to speak
31. She was looking forward to (give) the leading part (play) that she was greatly (disappoint) at not even (offer) it.
A to be given, to play, disappointed, to be offered
B giving, playing, disappointing, being offered
C being given, to play, disappointed, being offered
32. Did you remember (post) the parcel I gave you? – Yes, I remember (post) it a week ago.
A to post, posting
B to post, to post
C posting, to post
33. You … go and check everything by yourself unless you … it.
A would better, want him to do
B had rather, don’t want his doing
Had better, want him to do
34. The accused men … anywhere near the bank during the robbery. It’s no use (investigate) the case without direct evidence.
A deny being, to investigate
B deny being, investigating
C denies to be, to investigate
35. You … your children (go) their own way in the end.
A are to let, to go
B have letting, going
C have to let, go
36. I suggest our (start) as soon as possible. I … before the sunset.
A starting, would rather come
B starting, had rather come
C to start, would rather to come
37. I am afraid (speak) to him. What if he really has the power to stop …, and means (turn) them against me?
A to speak, me go, to turn
B of speaking to him, my going, to turn
C speaking, me going, to turn
38. If you (take) the medicine the doctor prescribed you, you (feel) much better now.
A had taken, would feel
B took, would feel
C would take, would feel yourself
39. If you (read) the article I recommended you, you (know) how (answer) such questions.
A had read, had known, to answer
B read, would know, answer
C had read, would know, to answer
40. I must be off now. Of it (be) not so late, I (stay) a little longer.
A were, would stay
B were, would stay
C had been, would have stayed
41. If you don’t want to be late for the plane, you … better (go) and (pack) your things right now.
A had, go, pack
B would, go, had pack
C would, had gone, had packed
42. It will be so kind of you if you can get this banknote (cash) for me.
A cashed
B cashing
C had cashed
43. I (see) him for a year and more, but he looked up at me as if I (be) yesterday.
A have not seen, was
B did not see, were
C had not seen, had been
44. I look forward to (have) a rest. I (feel) as if my head (were) splitting.
A having, feel, were
B have, had felt, were
C have, am feeling, is
45. I remember it so clearly as if it (happen) only yesterday.
A happened
B had happened
C would have happened
46. We didn’t want his speech to be interrupted.
A Мы не хотели прерывать его речь.
B Мы не хотели, чтобы он прерывал нас своей речью.
C Он не хотел прерывать нас своей речью.
47. He is likely to come on Sunday.
A Он любит приходить в воскресенью.
B Он обычно приходит в воскресенье.
C Вероятно, он придет в воскресенье.
48. He used to be good at mathematics.
A Он хорошо знает математику.
B Когда-то он хорошо знал математику.
C Он хорошо использовал знание математики.
49. She had a good practical knowledge of French having worked as an interpreter for many years in France.
A Она хорошо преподавала французский после того, как много лет проработала переводчиком во Франции.
B Она много лет учила французский для того, чтобы работать переводчиком во Франции.
C Она приобрела хорошие практические знания французского, когда много лет работала переводчиком во Франции.
50. John is said to have written a new book.
A Говорят, что Джон написал новую книгу.
B Джон сказал, что написал новую книгу.
C Джона попросили написать новую книгу.
II. Переведите письменно следующие тексты на русский язык.
Выберите из текста любые пять предложений, выпишите их и задайте к ним всевозможные вопросы с вопросительными словами.
How Semiconductors Work
Semiconductors have had a monumental impact on our society. You find semiconductors at the heart of microprocessor chips as well as transistors. Anything that's computerized or uses radio waves depends on semiconductors, which is why semiconductor technology is so important.
Today, most semiconductor chips and transistors are created with silicon. You may have heard expressions like "Silicon Valley" and the "silicon economy," and that's why -- Silicon is the heart of any electronic or computer device.
A diode is the simplest possible semiconductor device, and is therefore an excellent beginning point if you want to understand how semiconductors work.
Silicon is a very common element -- for example, it is the main element in sand and quartz. If you look "silicon" up in the periodic table, you will find that it sits next to aluminum, below carbon and above germanium.
Carbon, silicon and germanium (which, like silicon, is also a semiconductor) have a unique property in their electron structure -- each has four electrons in its outer orbital. This allows them to form nice crystals. The four electrons form perfect covalent bonds with four neighboring atoms, creating a lattice. In carbon, we know the crystalline form as diamond. In silicon, the crystalline form is a silvery, metallic-looking substance.
Metals tend to be good conductors of electricity because they usually have "free electrons" that can move easily between atoms, and electricity involves the flow of electrons. While silicon crystals look metallic, they are not, in fact, metals. All of the outer electrons in a silicon crystal are involved in perfect covalent bonds, so they can't move around. A pure silicon crystal is nearly an insulator -- very little electricity will flow through it.
Transistors and Chips
A transistor is created by using three layers rather than the two layers used in a diode. You can create either an NPN or a PNP sandwich. A transistor can act as a switch or an amplifier.
A transistor looks like two diodes back-to-back. Therefore, you'd imagine that no current could flow through a transistor because two back-to-back diodes would block current both ways. And this is true. However, when you apply a small current to the center layer of the sandwich, a much larger current can flow through the sandwich as a whole. This gives a transistor its switching behavior. A small current can turn a larger current on and off.
A silicon chip is a piece of silicon that can hold thousands of transistors. With transistors acting as switches, you can create Boolean gates, and with Boolean gates you can create microprocessors.
The natural progression from silicon to doped silicon to transistors to chips is what has made microprocessors and other electronic devices so inexpensive and ubiquitous in today's society. The fundamental principles are surprisingly simple. The miracle is the constant refinement of those principles to the point where, today, tens of millions of transistors can be inexpensively formed onto a single chip.
