Nikita A. *****ssia and the World: Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation

Nikita A. Lomagin

Russia and the World: Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation

Course Description

This course offers a comparative look at the making and implementation of Russian Foreign Policy after the end of the Cold War and collapse of the Soviet Union. Faced with the disappearance of the Soviet Union the task of understanding and explaining Russian Foreign policies, scholars can pursue one of two broad options. The first option – and focus of most discussion and publication since December 1991 is description and documentation of Russian policy. The second option is explicitly theoretical. This approach is less focused upon the policy itself and more intent on the dynamic processes of policy formation, evolution and change. This course offers a combination of these two options. To do so, we begin with investigation of the sources of the Russian conduct (theories, frameworks and approaches) and analyze the foreign policy institutions and priorities of Russia. We will examine several theoretical models that focus on the impact of different factors on Russian Foreign Policy: type of government, ideology, leadership politics, bureaucratic and interest group politics, the European security system, Russia’s historic borderlands and “empire”, and international economic system. The second part of the course is aimed at close examination of regional aspects of Russian Foreign Policy with particular attention to relation with the West, newly independent states of the former Soviet Union, and the Far East.

Required Reading

All readings on the syllabus are required. Students will be held responsible for completing all reading before the class since the selections serve as the basis for discussion.

Copies of all readings will be available at the European University Library.

Substantial selections will be drawn from the following books:

Celeste A. Wallander (ed.), The Sources of Russian Foreign Policy After the Cold War, Westview Press,

1996

Ted Hopf (ed.), Understandings of Russian Foreign Policy, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999

Michael Mandelbaum (ed.), The New Russian Foreign Policy. A Council on Foreign Relations Book, 1998

Adeed Dawisha and Karen Dawisha (eds.), The Making Foreign Policy in Russia and the New States of

Eurasia, M. E.Sharpe, 1995

Peter Shearman (ed.) , Russian Foreign Policy Since 1990, Westview Press, 1995

Christer Pursiainen, Beyond Sovietology. International Relations Theory and the Study of Soviet/Russian foreign and Security Policy, The Finnish Institute of International Affairs, 1998

Background Reading

Since the course will be focused on Russian Foreign Policy since 1991, students with a limited background in the recent history of Russian/Soviet involvement abroad may wish to familiarize themselves with main trends of Russian/Soviet Foreign Policy, such as Ivo J. Lederer (ed.). Russian Foreign Policy. Essays in Historical Perspective. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1962; Alvin *****binstein. Soviet Foreign Policy Since World War II. Imperial and Global. Scott, Foresman and Company, 1989; Alfred Rieber. Persistent Factors in Russian Foreign Policy: An Interpretive Essay, in: Imperial Russian Foreign Policy (edited and translated by High Ragsdole). Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp.315-359

Schedule of Topics and Reading Assignments

1.  Introduction: Russian Foreign Policy priorities in historical perspective (Week One)

Michael McFaul, “Getting Russia Right”. Foreign Policy, Winter , pp.58-74

K. J.Holti, Foreign Policy Objectives, in: International Politics: A Framework for Analysis, Englwood

Cliffs, NJ, Prentice Hall, 1972, pp.123-141, 314-330

Cyril E. Black, The Pattern of Russian Objectives, in: Ivo J. *****ssian Foreign Policy, pp.3-38

Alvin *****binstein, Historical Foundations: From Czarism to Bolshevism and the Eras of Lenin and

Stalin, in: Soviet Foreign Policy Since World War II, pp.3-102

George Kennan, The Sources of Soviet Conduct, Foreign Policy, 25:4, 1947, pp.566-82

2.  Theoretical basis of Foreign Policy Analysis (Weeks Two and Three)

K. J.Holsti, Approaches to the study of international politics, in: International Politics, pp.3-21

J. David Singer. The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations, in: American Foreign Policy.

Theoretical Essays. Edited by G. John Ikenbary. HarperCollinsPublishers, 1989, pp. 67-80

Celeste A. Wallander, The Sources of Russian Conduct: Theories, Frameworks, and Approaches, in: The

Sources of Russian Foreign Policy After the Cold War, pp.1-20

Christer Pursianen, Beyond Sovietology, pp.98-110

Henrikki Heikka, Beyond Neorealism and Constructivism. Desire, Identity and Russian Foreign Policy, in:

Understanding of Russian Foreign Policy, pp.57-107

3.  Democratization and Russian Foreign Policy (Week Four)

Francis Fukuyama, The End of History? in: The New Shape of World Politics. Contending Paradigms in

International Relations. Foreign Affairs, New York, 1997, pp.1-25

Jack Snyder, Democratization, War and Nationalism in the Post-Communist States, in: The Sources of

Russian Foreign Policy, pp.21-40

Neil Malcolm and Alex Pravda, Democratization and Russian Foreign Policy, International Affairs 72, 3

(1996), pp.537-52

Alexander V. Kozemiakin, Democratization and Foreign Policy Change: The Case of the Russian

Federation, Review of International Studies (1997), 23, pp.49-74

4.  Russian Foreign Policy Institutions, Bureaucracies, and Business – Elites (Weeks Five and Six)

K. J.Holsti, Domestic Structures and Foreign Policy, in: International Politics: A Framework for Analysis,

pp.331-347

Neil Malcolm, Russian Foreign Policy Decision-making, in: Russian Foreign Policy Since 1990, pp.23-45

Jeffry Checkel, Structure, Institutions and *****ssia’s Changing Foreign Policy, in The Making of

Foreign Policy in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, pp.42-59

Business Elites and Russian Foreign Policy, The Report of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs. 5

(2000), Helsinki, 2000, 30 pp.

Kimberly Marten Zisk, The Foreign Policy Preferences of Russian Defense Industrialists: Integration or

Isolation? In: The Sources of Russian Foreign Policy After the Cold War, pp.95-

115

Christoph Bluth. Russian Military Forces: Ambitions, Capabilities and Constraints, in: Security Dilemmas

in Russia and Eurasia (Edited by Roy Allison and Christoph Bluth). The Royal Institute

of International Affairs, 1998 pp.67-93

Matthew Evangelista, From Each According to Its Abilities: Competing Theoretical Approaches to the

Post-Soviet Energy Sector, in: The Sources of Russian Foreign Policy After the

Cold War, pp.173-198

5.  Searching for the National Interests (Weeks Seven and Eight)

Francis Fukuyama, The Ambiguity of “National Interest”, in: Rethinking Russia’s National Interests,

pp.10-23

Joseph S. Nye, Jr. "Redefining the National Interest". Foreign Affairs, July/August 1999, pp.22-35

Leon Aron, The Foreign Policy Doctrine of Postcommunist Russia and Its Domestic Context, in: The New

Russian Foreign Policy, pp.23-51

Charles Clover, “Dreams of the Eurasian Heartland”, Foreign Affairs, March/April 1999, pp.9-13

The Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation (2000) – www. *****/mid/eng/econcept. htm

Astrid S. Tuminez, Russian Nationalism and the National Interest in Russian Foreign Policy, in: The

Sources of Russian Foreign Policy After the Cold War, pp.41-61

Hannes Adomeit. Russian National Security Interests. In: Security Dilemmas in Russia and Eurasia

(Edited by Roy Allison and Christoph Bluth). The Royal Institute of International

Affairs, 1998, pp.33-49

6.  Russia and the West

a.  Security issues (Week Nine)

Barry Buzan. “Rethinking Security After the Cold War”. Cooperation and Conflict. Nordic Journal of

International Studies. Vol.32, N 1, March 1997, pp.5-28

Zbignew Brzezinsky. “A Plan for Europe”, Foreign Affairs, January/February 1995, pp.26-42

Henry A. Kissinger. Russian and American Interests after the Cold War, in: Rethinking Russia’s National

Interests. Edited by Stephen Sestanovich, Center for Strategic and International

Studies, Washington, D. C., 1994, pp.1-10

Sten Rynning. "A Balancing Act: Russia and the Partnership for Peace". Cooperation and Security, Vol.31,

Number 2, June 1996, pp.211-234

"NATO at Fifty", Foreign Affairs, May/June 1999, pp.164-210

Anatol Lieven, The Secret Policemen's Ball: the United States, Russia and the international order after 11 September, International Affairs 78, 2 (2202), pp. 245-59

Vladimir Pirumov. "The Solution of European Security Problems in the Context of the Concept of Russia's

National Security". European Security, Spring 1997, Vol.6, Number 1, pp.63-81

Paul D. Walforwitz. The U. S.-Russian Partnership, in: Rethinking Russia’s National Interests, pp.52-67

Bruce D. Porter. Russia and Europe After the Cold War: The Interaction of Domestic and Foreign Policies,

in: The Sources of Russian Foreign Policy After the Cold War, pp.121-146

Christoph Bluth. Arms Control and Proliferation, in: Security Dilemmas in Russia and Eurasia, pp. 303-

322

Christer Pursiainen, The Impact of International Security Regimes on Russia’s Behavior: The Case of the

OSCE and Chechnya, in: Understandings of Russian Foreign Policy, pp.109-170

Jonathan Halstam. “Russia’s Seat at the Table: a Place Denied or a Place Delayed?” International Affairs

74, 1 (1998), pp.119-130

“Grading the President. Redefining American Leadership”. Foreign Policy, Winter 1997-98, pp.64-66

Trevor Taylor, Western Interests, Approaches and Priorities, in: European Security and the Former Soviet

Union. Dangers, Opportunities and Gambles. The Royal Institute of International Affairs,

1994, pp.72-115

Trevor Taylor, The Institutional Dimension of Western Policy, in: European Security, pp.116-140

Dmitri Trenin & Peter van Ham, Russia and the United States in Northern European Security. The

Finnish Institute of International Affairs, Helsinki, 2000, 93 pp. (optional)

b.  Economic Relations (Week Ten)

Edward L. Morse and James Richard. The Battle for Energy *****ssia vs. Saudi Arabia. Foreign Affairs. March/April 2002, pp. 16-31

Paul Krugman. Competitiveness: A Dangerous Obsession, in: The New Shape of World Politics, pp.161-

176

Edward N. Luttwak. From Geopolitics to Geo-Economics: Logic of Conflict, Grammar of Commerce, in:

The New Shape of World Politics, pp.177-186

The Future of International Financial Architecture. An Executive summary of the findings of a Council on

Foreign Relations task force. Foreign Affairs, November/December 1999, pp.169-183

Anders Äslund, Adapting to the World Economy: Interests and Obstacles, in: Rethinking Russia’s

National Interests, pp.83-96

Russia's Collapse. Foreign Affairs, September/October 1999, pp.64-77

Alexander Shokhin, Preserving Economic Sovereignty, in: Rethinking Russia’s

National Interests, pp.97-105

Nigel Gould-Davies & Ngaire Woods, Russia and the IMF, International Affairs 75, 1 (1999), pp.1-22

7.  Russia and the “Near Abroad” (Weeks Eleven and Twelve)

Wynne Russell. Russian Relations with the “Near Abroad”, in: Russian Foreign Policy Since 1990, pp.53-

70

Ted Hopf. Russian Identity and Russian Foreign Policy in Estonia and Uzbekistan, in: The Sources of

Russian Foreign Policy After the Cold War, pp.147-172

Sherman W. Garnett. Europe’s Crossroads: Russia and the West in the New Borderlands, in: The New

Russian Foreign Policy, pp.64-99

Rajan Menon. After Empire: Russia and the Southern “Near Abroad”, in: The New Russian Foreign

Policy, pp.100-166

Jan S. Adams. “Pipelines and Pipedreams. Can Russia Continue to Dominate Caspian Basin Energy?”

Problems of Post-Communism. September/October 1998, pp.26-35

Pavel K. Baev. “Conflict Management in the Former Soviet South: The Dead End of Russian

Interventions”. European Security. Vol.6 N 4 (Winter 1997), pp.11-129

Conflicts and CIS Collective Security Efforts, in: Security Dilemmas in Russia and Eurasia pp.209-302

8.  Russian Foreign Policy towards the Far East (Week Thirteen)

Andrew A. Bouchkin. Russia’s Far Eastern Policy in the 1990s. Priorities and Prospects, in: The Making

of Foreign Policy in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, pp.66-83

Hiroshi Kimura. Politics and Economics in Russo-Japanese Relations, in: Understandings of Russian

Foreign Policy, pp.211-250

Eunsook Chung. Explaining Russia’s Interest in Building Security Mechanisms in the East Asia Region:

Realism and Neoliberal Institutionalism, in: Understandings of Russian Foreign Policy,

pp.251-278

Rajan Meron. “The Strategic Convergence Between Russia and China”. Survival. The IISS Quarterly.

Summer 1997. Vol.39. N 2, pp.101-125

Sherman W. Garnett. Limited *****ssia-China Relations in a Changing Asia. Report of the Study

Group on Russia-China Relations. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

1998, 47 pp.

Ramesh Thakur. Russian Policy Toward India: A Relationship on Hold, in: Russian Foreign Policy Since

1990, pp.225-246

Yoke T. Soh. Russian Policy Toward the Two Koreas, in Russian Foreign Policy Since 1990, pp. 181-200

David Kerr. Problems in Sino-Russian Economic Relations. Europe-Asia Studies, Vol.50, Issue 7 (Nov.1998), pp.

9.  Russian Policies in the Middle East (Week Fourteen)

Galia Golan, Soviet policy-making in the Middle East: from Stalin to Breznev, in: Soviet Policies in the

Middle East. From World War II to Gorbachev. Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp.4-28

Galia Golan, Gorbachev’s Middle East policy, in: Soviet Policies in the Middle East, pp.258-290

Amin Saikal, Russian Policy Toward Central Asia and the Middle East, in: Russian Foreign Policy Since

1990, pp.267-282

Robert O. Freedman. “Russia and Iran: A Tactical Alliance”. The SAIS Review. A Journal of International

Affairs. Summer-Fall 1997. Vol. XVII, N 2, pp.93-107