Present Perfect и Past Perfect в сравнении

Present Perfect и Past Perfect в сравнении

Present Perfect	Past Perfect
Have/has + V3	Had + V3
1) Для выражения законченного действия, которое имеет тесную связь с настоящим временем по своим результатам. I have lost my key so I can't get home. 2) время, когда действие совершалось, поскольку важно не время совершения действия, а его результат. Оно обозначается наречиями: ever, never, already, just, not yet. I'm not hungry, I've just had lunch. 3) Present Perfect употребляется с наречиями времени: today, this mounth, this year. I've drunk two cups of coffee today. 4) Переводится прошедшим временем, но иногда для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается в момент речи, переводится на русский язык настоящим временем: а) указано начало действия since; б) указан весь период времени for two days, for ten minutes. I have known him for ten years. I have known him since 1990.	1)  Для выражения действия, которое было закончено до определенного момента в прошлом. Этот момент определяется: а) выражениями: by 4 o'cloоck, by that time, by the end of the year. He had returned from the cinema by 5 o'clock; б) другим прошедшим действием, которое произошло позднее и которое выражается глаголом в Past Indefinite. When we arrived at the cinema the film had already begun.

http://www. /watch? v=_8ObuO5neR0

Тесты для самопроверки

Exercise 1. Put the verbs into the correct tense (present perfect or past perfect).

1. When I went to the car park, I found that my car .(to steal)
2. John in Paris for 4 years before he could speak French fluently. (to live)
3. I English for 5 years now. (to learn)
4. The locals were amazed because they a horse before. (never, to see)
5. They wouldn't let him in because he his membership card. (to forget)
6. They said : 'You can't come in because you your membership card.' (to forget)
7. the new film by Spike Lee? (you, to see)
8. They a lot of champagne by the time the party ended. (to drink)
9. They were angry because they for too long. (to wait)

Exercise 2. Put the verbs into the correct tense (present perfect or past perfect).

They (live) in Australia since 1989.
2. He (wait for) for hours.
3. She (work) in this company for ten years.
4. They (go) on a trip to Jamaica before moving to Paris.
5. She (cut) her hair but she didn't like it.
6. Where (be/you) ?
7. They (study) Spanish for 5 years when at university.
8. He (work) here since last spring when he had an accident.
9. He (not go) to Spain since 1981 but he did last year.
10. I (read) this book for 4 hours
11. My car (to steal).
12. They (not come) to his party because they were sick.
13. He (not teach) French since 2002 when he was asked to do so. 14. She (write) good books for years.

Exercise 3. Translate the sentences

1. We had already built this plant by the end of 1997.

2. I had already written my exercise by half past six.

nine o’clock he had already left.

4. I had written my exercise before he came.

5. They had returned home long before I rang them up.

Тесты для самопроверки (ответы).doc

Задания для самоконтроля

Test I Put the verbs into past perfect.

1. Yesterday I went for a walk once I (finish) my work.
2. We (not / meet) him until we came to Warsaw.
the time we reached the cinema, the film (already / start) .
4. When Tom arrived late at night, Sue (already / go) to bed.
5. (you / be) to France before your last trip?
6. She (hope) to meet him finally.
7. They (really / want) to come on time.
8. If I (meet) you two years ago we would have been together now.
9. I wished I (change) my job at that time.
10. She wished she (not / buy) him this present.

Test II Make the positive or negative past perfect simple

1) When I arrived at the cinema, the film (start). .

2) She (live) in China before she went to Thailand. .

3) After they (eat) the shellfish, they began to feel sick. .

4) If you (listen) to me, you would have got the job. .

5) Julie didn’t arrive until after I (leave). .

6) When we (finish) dinner, we went out. .

7) The garden was dead because it (be) dry all summer. .

8) He (meet) her somewhere before. .

9) We were late for the plane because we (forget) our passports. .

10) She told me she (study) a lot before the exam. .

11) The grass was yellow because it (not/rain) all summer. .

12) The lights went off because we (not/pay) the electricity bill. .

13) The children (not/do) their homework, so they were in trouble. .

14) They (not/eat) so we went to a restaurant. .

15) We couldn’t go into the concert because we (not/bring) our tickets. .

16) She said that she (not/visit) the UK before. .

17) Julie and Anne (not/meet) before the party. .

18) I (not/have) breakfast when he arrived. .

19) He (not/use) email before, so I showed him how to use it. .

20) You (not/study) for the test, so you were very nervous.

Задание для самоконтроля (ответы).doc