Действительные причастия

ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРИЧАСТИЯ

  В английском языке различаются причастие I (Participle I, или причастие настоящего времени, действи­тельное причастие) и причастие II (Participle II, или при­частие прошедшего времени, страдательное причастие).

  ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРИЧАСТИЯ

  Действительные причастия в английском язы­ке оканчиваются на -ing (открывающий — opening) у всех глаголов.

  На русский язык такие причастия переводятся соответ­ствующими действительными причастиями-определениями в форме на -ущ(ий), - ющ(ий), - ащ(ий), - ящ(ий).

Не watched the Hailing snow.

Он смотрел на падающий снег.

They reached the highway leading to the city.

 Они вышли на дорогу, ведущую в город.

The cars packing the street were moving very slowly.

Машины, заполняющие улицу, двигались медленно.

  В функции обстоятельства причастие I переводится на русский язык деепричастием несовершенного вида в форме на -а(сь), - я(сь) или совершенного вида на -в, -вшись:

Laughing loudly the children ran out into the yard.

Громко смеясь, дети выбежали во двор.

He was sitting on the sofa reading a newspaper.

Он сидел на диване, читая газету.

Having opened the window, he looked out of it.

Открыв окно, он выглянул на улицу.

Употребление Present Participle I

1. Перед существительными в роли отглагольного прилагательного (прилагательного, которое образовалось от глагола). На русский язык переводится действительным причастием или деепричастным оборотом.
Brian looked at his working dad and decided to help him. Брайн посмотрел на работающего отца и решил помочь ему.

2. Как часть сказуемого. На русский язык переводится прилагательным.
His behavior was annoying. Его поведение было раздражающим.

3. В причастном обороте.
а. С глаголами чувства и восприятия (все глаголы чувства и восприятия - в материале " Глаголы, не употребляющиеся в длительной (Continuous) форме").
I heard him playing the piano next-door room. Я слышал, как он играл на пианино в соседней комнате.
б. С глаголами:
to catch захватывать
to find обнаруживать
to leave оставлять
to spend тратить
to waste тратить впустую
и др.
Connor left the party getting crazy. Коннор покинул вечеринку, которая становилась сумасшествием.
в. В выражении to be busy
He is busy looking for the baby. Он занят присматриванием за ребёнком.
г. С глаголом to have
I will have watches working like new one tomorrow. Я сделаю так, что завтра часы будут работать как новые.

4. В качестве придаточного предложения, играющего роль определения, после существительного в причастном обороте. На русский переводится действительным причастием или причастным оборотом.
When I came back I saw the town completely changing. Когда я вернулся и увидел, что город полностью меняется.

5. В обстоятельственном причастном обороте действие, выраженное причастием, может совпадать по времени с действием, выраженным глаголом в главной части предложения или предшествовать ему. Если действие, выраженное причастием, происходит раньше действия, выраженного глаголом главной части, то причастие имеет форму Perfect Participle или Perfect Participle Passive. На русский язык переводится как деепричастный несовершённый вид ("Что делая?"), деепричастный совершённый вид (Что сделав?) или как деепричастный оборот.

Having visited Italia Kevin decided to come back there again. Посетив Италию Кевин решил вернутся туда снова.

Тесты для самоконтроля

Test 1. Choose the correct variant:

1.  That night, ______ up to his room he thought of his unpleasant duty.
went
going
having go

2.  She smiled ______ the joke.
remembered
to remember
remembering

3.  ______ so little in the country, I am afraid I cannot answer all your questions.
Seeing
Having seen
To see

4.  A new road ______ the plant with the railway station will soon be built.
connecting
having connected
connected

5.  ______ two days before the conference he had a lot of time to see Edinburgh.
To arrive
Arriving
Having arrived

6.  I felt very tired ______ the whole day in the sun.
being worked
having worked
work

7.  He speaks like a man ______ his opinion of everything.
taking
takes

8.  ______ that she could trust them she didn’t know what to do.
Not having known
Knowing not
Didn’t know
Not knowing

9.  ______ a pair of gloves we moved to the shoe department.
Boughting
Having bought
Buying

10.  She left ______ us all she had found out.
told
telling
having told

11.  And ______ this he threw himself back in the armchair.
said
have said
was saying
saying

12.  ______ what he wanted he took his hat and left.
Having got
Getting

13.  By this time ______ to the atmosphere of the big city, he no longer felt a stranger.
getting used
having got used
got used

14.  I spent about ten minutes ______ over the sixteen pages of The Guardian before I found the main news and articles.
turn
having turned
turning

15.  I felt refreshed and rested ______ for eight hours.
sleeping
having slept
slept

16.  ______ so far away he still feels part of the community.
was
be
being

17.  The boy came out of the water ______ from top to toe.
was shaking
having shaken
shaking

18.  ______ all our preparations we hired a taxi and hurried off.
Having completed
Completing
Having complete
Completed

19.  ______ her by the arm he helped her out of the taxi.
Supported
Supporting

20.  ______ such difficulties she was at a loss.
Never experienced
Having experienced never
Never have experienced
Having never experienced

Test 2. Choose the correct adjective:

1) My nephew was (amused / amusing) by the clown. .
2) It's so (frustrated / frustrating) ! No matter how much I study I can't seem to remember this vocabulary. .
3) This lesson is so (bored / boring). .
4) I'm feeling (depressed / depressing) , so I'm going to go home, eat some chocolate, and go to bed early with a good book. .
5) I thought her idea was absolutely (fascinated / fascinating). .
6) This maths problem is so (confused / confusing) ! Can you help me?. .
7) The teacher was really (amused / amusing) , so the lesson passed quickly. .
8) The journey was (exhausted / exhausting) ! Twelve hours by bus!. .
9) The plane began to move in a rather (alarmed / alarming) way. .
10) He was (frightened / frightening) when he saw the spider. .
11) I was really (embarrassed / embarrassing) when I fell over in the street. .
12) That film was so (depressed / depressing) ! There was no happy ending for any of the characters. .
13) I'm sorry, I can't come tonight. I'm completely (exhausted / exhausting). .
14) We are going in a helicopter? How (excited / exciting) !. .
15) Don't show my baby photos to people, Mum! It's so (embarrassed / embarrassing). .
16) It's okay, it's only me. Don't be (alarmed / alarming) .. .
17) My sister is so (excited / exciting) because she is going on holiday tomorrow. .
18) I hate long flights. I'm always really (bored / boring). .
19) She looked very (confused / confusing) when I told her we had to change the plan. .
20) John was (fascinated / fascinating) by Mandarin when he first started learning languages. He decided to study more and now he can speak it fluently..

Тесты для самоконтроля(ответы).doc

Задания для самостоятельной работы

Exercise 1. Choose the best variant.

1) I am so (relaxed / relaxing) that I don't want to move. .

2) I find horror films really (frightened / frightening) and not at all fun to watch. .

3) Sometimes I get really (frustrated / frustrating) when I can't express myself well in English. .

4) We were stopped by a man with a knife who took our money. It was (terrified / terrifying). .

5) The programme was really (interested / interesting). .

6) She was (overwhelmed / over whelming) when everyone cheered and we gave her presents. .

7) If I feel stressed, I find taking a bath is often (relaxed / relaxing). .

8) I'm really (tired / tiring) . I think I'll go to bed.. .

9) He's very (interested / interesting) in history. .

10) The trip was (overwhelmed / overwhelming) , with so many things to do and it was all so new. .

11) She is never (satisfied / satisfying) with her work. .

12) Cleaning is so (tired / tiring) ! I think I'll have a rest. .

13) She thought the ride on the rollercoaster was (thrilled / thrilling). .

14) I was really (surprised / surprising) when I saw you. I had thought you were on holiday.. .

15) My grandmother was (shocked / shocking) by the man's bad language. .

16) My niece is (terrified / terrifying) of dogs. .

17) Thank you so much for the prize! I'm (thrilled / thrilling). .

18) My job is very (satisfied / satisfying) . I love helping people. .

19) The news was so (shocked / shocking) that she burst into tears. .

20) My exam results were great! It's really (surprised / surprising) but good, of course.

Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentences replacing the italic part with a present participle.

She was talking to her friend and forgot everything around her.

→ Talking to her friend she forgot everything around her.

Since we watch the news every day we know what's going on in the world.
→ They are vegetarians and don't eat meat.
→ The dog wagged its tail and bit the postman.
→ While she was tidying up her room she found some old photos.
→ He was a good boy and helped his mother in the kitchen.
→ As they didn't have enough money they spent their holidays at home last year.
→ The man was sitting in the cafe. He was reading a paper.?
→ Since I didn't feel well I didn't go to the cinema.
→ She walked home and met an old friend.
→

Задания для самостоятельной работы(ответы).doc