Федеральное агентство по образованию

Югорский государственный университет

Гуманитарный факультет

Кафедра иностранных языков

Методические указания

к выполнению контрольной работы

для студентов заочной формы обучения

Английский язык

специальности 04061 – «Электрооборудование и электрохозяйство»

Курс 2

Семестр весенний

Ханты-Мансийск 2007

2. Основные требования к выполнению и оформлению контрольной работы.

1. Контрольную работу четвертого семестра необходимо распечатать на листах формата А4 и оформить согласно принятым требованиям титульный лист. Задания следует выполнять на распечатанных листах в специально отведенных для этого стоках. Статью полностью переводить на русский язык не нужно. Принимается только та контрольная работа, строки заданий которой заполнены шариковой ручкой синего или черного цвета. На титульном листе следует указать необходимые сведения:

Югорский государственный университет

Факультет заочного обучения

Специальность________________________________

Группа_______________________________________

Контрольная работа по_________________________

дисциплина

Номер варианта_______________________________

_______________семестр 200__-200__ учебного года

осенний, весенний

Студента______________________________________

фамилия, имя, отчество

Номер зачетной книжки________________________

Дата предоставления на проверку_______________

2. Условия заданий в контрольной работе следует переписывать полностью, без сокращений. Для примечаний преподавателя оставляются поля.

НЕ нашли? Не то? Что вы ищете?

3. Выполненная контрольная работа своевременно передается студентом на факультет заочного обучения для проверки, рецензирования и оценки.

4. Если контрольная работа при рецензировании не зачтена, студент обязан внести необходимые изменения и предоставить работу на повторную рецензию.

5. Студент должен быть готов во время зачета или экзамена дать пояснения по решению задач соответствующей контрольной работы.

3. Выбор варианта контрольной работы

1. Студент выполняет контрольную работу в соответствии с номером варианта. Номером варианта является последняя цифра номера Зачетной книжки студента. Номер варианта контрольной работы указана в правом верхнем углу.

4. Варианты контрольных работ.

Test 01

1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием статьи. Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово.

a. tariffs	b. conflict	c. unanimity
d. competition	e. consultation	f. interpretations

World trade organisation

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.

The WTO has 150 members, accounting for over 97% of world trade. Around 30 others are negotiating membership.

The WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT, which lasted from the end of the second World War to 1995.

At the heart of the system–known as the multilateral trading system–are the WTO’s agreements, negotiated and signed by a large majority of the world’s trading nations, and ratified in their parliaments. The current set runs to some 30,000 pages consisting of about 60 agreements and separate commitments (called schedules). Essentially, they are contracts, guaranteeing member countries important trade rights. They also bind governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits to everybody’s benefit. Rich and poor countries alike have an equal right to challenge each other in the WTO’s dispute settlement procedures.

The details of how much countries are prepared to co-operate are hammered out at large sessions of talks, so-called trade rounds, of which there have been eight since 1947. The scope of trade rounds has steadily expanded and now includes intellectual protection, investment, trade in services and agriculture as well as trade in manufactured goods.

Decisions in the WTO are made by consensus among all member countries. In principle, that is even more democratic than majority rule because no decision is taken until everyone agrees. The consensus rule means every country has to be convinced before it

joins a consensus. There are no dissenters. It does reduce some inequalities, giving smaller countries more voice, and at the same time freeing the more powerful countries from the complexity of having to negotiate trade agreements with each of their numerous trading partners. So quite often reluctant countries are persuaded by being offered something in return.

Trade quarrels are resolved under Dispute Settlement Understanding. Countries bring disputes to the WTO if they think their rights under the agreements are being infringed. Judgements by specially-appointed independent experts are based on (1) …… of the agreements and individual countries’ commitments.

The system encourages countries to settle their differences through (2) ……. If it does not work, they can follow a carefully mapped out, stage-by-stage procedure that includes the possibility of a ruling by a panel of experts, and the chance to appeal the ruling on legal grounds. That way, the risk of disputes spilling over into political or military (3) …… is reduced.

The principles which members sign up to are: extending trade concessions equally to all WTO members; aiming for a freer global trade with lower (4) …… everywhere; making trade more predictable through the use of rules; bringing about more (5) …… by reducing protectionism.

The WTO makes decisions on a basis of (6) …… . WTO decisions can only be reversed by a unanimous vote, just as they can only be made that way.

2. Найдите в статье английские эквиваленты следующих предложений.

Они обязывают правительства проводить свою торговую политику в оговоренных ранее пределах.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Несогласных стран нет.

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Решения ВТО принимаются на основе всеобщего согласия.

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Спектр вопросов обсуждаемых на торговых раундах вырос значительно.

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Система ориентирует страны на решение разногласий посредством переговоров.

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Богатые и бедные страны обладают одинаковым правом для предъявления претензий друг другу в ВТО.

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Таким образом риск перерастания политических разногласий в военных конфликт снижается.

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3. Ответьте на вопросы относительно содержания статьи.

1. What are the WTO’s agreements?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Where are different rules and contracts among all member countries discussed?

3. What way are any decisions in the WTO made in?

4. How are trade quarrels and disputes resolved in the WTO?

5. Is there a procedure to re-make a decision which has already been made?

4. Отметьте предложенные предложения T (True - верно), F (false - не верно), NM (Not Mentioned – не упоминается).

	1. The fact that the disputes are based on WTO agreements means that there is a clear basis for judging who is right or wrong.
	2. Each country receives guarantees that its exports will be treated fairly and consistently in other countries’ markets.
	3. Trade allows a division of labour between countries and it allows resources to be used more appropriately and effectively for production.
	4. If country’s rights under the agreements are violated by another country it can challenge the latter in the WTO’s dispute settlement procedures.
	5. Independent experts launch an investigation and express their recommendations based on interpretations of the agreements and individual countries’ commitments.
	6. The agreements bind governments to keep their trade policies within ratified in their parliaments limits to their citizens’ benefit.

5. Переведите на русский язык любой фрагмент из 10 строк.

6. Найдите в статье понятия, соответствующие каждому определению.

…………………	1. A decision or conclusion in a form of a document about something that everyone involved finds acceptable.
…………………	2. A sum of money you give to develop a business or pay to buy shares to receive a profit in the future.
…………………	3. The group of people who are responsible for ruling a country at a particular time.
…………………	4. General agreement amongst a group of people or countries about a subject or about something should be done.
…………………	5. An atmosphere in which two or more companies try to get people to buy their goods and services in preference to the other firms’ goods and services.

7. Восстановите каждое предложение и запишите его.

plays/ a vital role/ confidence/ reinforcing/ in creating/ and/ the WTO trading system.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

is/ the welfare/ the goal/ of the peoples/ of the member countries/ to improve.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

are/ the result/ the WTO’s agreements/ between/ of negotiations/ the members.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. lowers/ negotiation/ trade/ through/ the WTO’s global system/ barriers.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

and/ includes/ the WTO committee’s responsibility/ implementation/ of the agreements/technical cooperation.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Передайте содержание каждого предложения на английском языке. Каждое слово переводить не обязательно. Многие фрагменты нужно взять из статьи.
Всемирная торговая организация включает в себя 150 стран.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ни одна из стран участниц ВТО не имеет права вето.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Принятие решение осуществляется в ходе консультаций заинтересованных в решении вопроса сторон.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Комиссия независимых экспертов рассматривает условия и обстоятельства конфликта и предлагает варианты его урегулирования.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Решение считается принятым, если все заинтересованные участники пришли к согласию.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Отразите основное содержание статьи в объёме 5-6 предложений на английском языке.

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Test 02

1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием статьи. Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово.

a. responsible

b. reductions

c. agreement

d. cost

e. support

f. damage

The Kyoto treaty

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The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement setting targets for industrialised countries to cut their greenhouse gas emissions. These gases are considered at least partly responsible for global warming - the rise in global temperature which may have catastrophic consequences for life on Earth. The protocol was established in 1997, based on principles set out in a framework agreement signed in 1992.

Industrialised countries have committed to cut their combined emissions to 5% below 1990 levels by 2Each country that signed the protocol agreed to its own specific target. EU countries are expected to cut their present emissions by 8% and Japan by 5%. Industrialised countries cut their overall emissions by about 3% from 1990 to 2000. But this was largely because a sharp decrease in emissions from the collapsing economies of former Soviet countries masked an 8% rise among rich countries. The UN says industrialised countries are now well off target for the end of the decade and predicts emissions 10% above 1990 levels by 2010. Only four EU countries are on track to meet their own targets.

Most climate scientists say that the targets set in the Kyoto Protocol are merely scratching the surface of the problem. The agreement aims to reduce emissions from industrialised nations only by around 5%, whereas the consensus among many climate scientists is that in order to avoid the worst consequences of global warming, emissions cuts in the order of 60% across the board are

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needed. This has led to criticisms that the agreement is toothless, as well as being virtually obsolete without US support.

But others say its failure would be a disaster as, despite its flaws, it sets out a framework for future negotiations which could take another decade to rebuild. Kyoto commitments have been signed into law in some countries, US states and in the EU, and will stay in place regardless of the fate of the protocol itself. Without Kyoto, politicians and companies working towards climate-friendly economies would face a much rougher ride.

Russia initially decides to back the Kyoto protocol in September 2004. The deciding factor appears to be not the economic (1) ……, but the political benefits for Russia. In particular, there has been talk of stronger European Union (2) …… for Russia's bid to join the WTO, when it ratifies the protocol.

Before Russia's backing, many feared Kyoto was on its last legs. The (3) …… stipulates that for it to become binding in international law, it must be ratified by the countries who together are (4) …… for at least 55% of 1990 global greenhouse gas emissions.

The treaty suffered a massive blow in 2001 when the US, responsible for about quarter of the world's emissions, pulled out, saying implementing it would gravely (5) ……. the US economy. The US administration dubbed the treaty "fatally flawed", partly because it does not require developing countries to commit to emissions (6) …… .

2. Найдите в статье английские эквиваленты следующих предложений.

Нормы, указанные в протоколе, вообще не решают данной проблемы.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
В 2001 году Киотскому соглашению был нанесен «сокрушительный удар», когда США вышли из него.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Он (протокол) предлагает основы для будущих переговоров, которые могут длиться десятилетия.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Без Киотского соглашения, политики, ученые и организации, занимающиеся вопросами создания безопасных для окружающей среды экономик, столкнулись бы с большим количеством трудностей.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Ожидается, что страны ЕС снизят объемы выбросов на 8%.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Только четыре страны ЕС точно выполняют предписанные им нормы.
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Чтобы избежать последствий глобального потепления необходимо снизить выбросы парникового газа на 60% во всем мире.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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3. Ответьте на вопросы относительно содержания статьи.

1. What is the primary goal of the Kyoto treaty?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Have the countries signed the treaty achieved their targets?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. How much difference will Kyoto make?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Why did Russia back the Kyoto treaty?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Why did the USA pull out of the Kyoto protocol in 2001?

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4. Отметьте предложенные предложения T (True - верно), F (false - не верно), NM (Not Mentioned – не упоминается).

1. The protocol sees industrialised countries committing to cutting their combined greenhouse gas emissions to 5% below their 1990 levels by 2

2. Having agreed to ratify the protocol, the Russians are hoping that they will receive support in joining the World Trade Organisation.

3. Emissions trading works by allowing countries to buy and sell their agreed allowances of greenhouse gas emissions.

4. Some countries with low emissions were permitted to increase them.

5. The protocol also suffers from the withdrawal of the world's biggest single polluter, the United States.

6. Mr Bush says he backs emissions reductions through voluntary action and new energy technologies.

5. Переведите на русский язык любой фрагмент из 10 строк.

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6. Найдите в статье понятия, соответствующие каждому определению.

…………………

1. A general agreement amongst a group of people or countries about something that should be done.

…………………

2. An objective or a result that you aim to achieve or gain.

…………………

3. Discussions that take place to reach an agreement between counterparts (countries, companies, people) that have different interests.

…………………

4. A document which is signed by counterparts because they have come to a mutual conclusion about something.

…………………

5. Something that will make your life better usually is a result of your actions.

7. Восстановите каждое предложение.
The protocol/ from the withdrawal/ single polluter/ also suffers/ of the world's biggest.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
should/ into force / be ratified/ The Kyoto Protocol/ by developed nations/ to come.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Russia’s entry/ and law/ is/ forward/ into force of Kyoto/ the biggest step/ in environmental politics.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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on/ certain/ only places/ The Kyoto treaty/ emission restrictions/ countries.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Developing countries/ to climate change/ to commit/ do not have/ contributing least/ to specific targets.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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8. Передайте содержание каждого предложения на английском языке. Каждое слово переводить не обязательно. Многие фрагменты нужно взять из статьи.
В 2004 году Россия приняла решение о подписании Kyoto протокола.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Основная цель протокола ограничить выброс парниковых газов в атмосферу.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Парниковый газ является одной из причин глобального потепления.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Протокол позволит России продавать неиспользуемую часть квот на воздух.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Многие ученые утверждают, что особой пользы Kyoto договор не принесет.
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9. Отразите основное содержание статьи в объёме 5-6 предложений на английском языке.

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Test 03

1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием статьи. Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово.

a. uncertainty

b. agreement

c. independence

d. disappointment

e. population

f. concerns

The European Union

The European Union is the framework for economic and political co-operation between 25 European countries.

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It began as a post-war initiative between six countries pooling control over coal and steel to guarantee a more peaceful future for Europe. But the EU now manages co-operation on issues as wide-ranging as the environment, transport and employment, and wields increasing influence in defence and foreign policy. It has five declared objectives: to promote economic and social progress; to assert the identity of the European Union on the international scene; to introduce European citizenship; to develop an area of freedom, security and justice; to maintain and build on established EU law.

Officially, the European Union only exists since the early 1990s, although the term has been used for much longer than that. The Maastricht Treaty renamed the European Community the European Union by forming what are known as the three pillars of the EU. They are: European Community; Common Foreign and Security Policy; Justice and Home Affairs. The first pillar is managed by the institutions of the EU, while the second and third work through inter-governmental co-operation.

The first pillar is responsible for the single market and freedom of movement across borders. It also looks after economic and monetary union and issues such as agriculture, environment and competition. In this pillar, unlike the other two, member states have given up some of their sovereignty and EU institutions can act independently of the national governments.

In the second pillar, member states aim to

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hold common positions and take joint action on foreign and security affairs. The objective of the Justice and Home Affairs pillar is to integrate member states' policies on asylum and immigration, customs, drugs and crime.

In May 2004 the 15 old members of the EU welcomed in Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. With a (1) …… of 455m, the EU now is the world's biggest trading bloc. In the existing member states, there is more (2) …… over immigration, over the new balance of forces within the EU and over whom the club should admit next. For the newcomers, there are (3) …… about price hikes without commensurate salary increases.

There is also (4) …… that established members have placed restrictions of up to seven years on freedom of movement for workers from the relatively poor east into the west.

Eight of the new members are former communist states, joining the Western club only 15 years after most of them emerged from years of Soviet domination. Some did not even regain their (5) …… until just over a decade ago.

Bulgaria and Romania will join them bringing the total membership of the EU to 27 by the end of 2007. These countries will now need to get the (6) …… of their people and a series of referendums will be run over the next year or so.

2. Найдите в статье английские эквиваленты следующих предложений. Все предложение из статьи выписывать не нужно. Произведите все необходимые сокращения.

Ряд референдумов будет проведен в течение нескольких лет.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Страны-члены намереваются придерживаться единой политики.
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Страны-члены ввели ограничения сроком до семи лет на свободу передвижения рабочей силы.
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Второй и третий институты ЕС функционируют посредством межправи-тельственного сотрудничества.
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Европейский Союз обеспечивает сотрудничество по широкому спектру вопросов.
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Страны-члены лишились суверенитета.
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Новые члены высказываю беспокойство относительно резких скачков цен без соответствующей компенсации в зарплате.
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3. Ответьте на вопросы относительно содержания статьи.

1. What spheres of life are of the EU’s concern?

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2. Does the EU have any objectives?

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3. What are the three pillars responsible for?

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4. Why is the EU the world’s biggest trading bloc?

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5. Have the existing member states placed any restrictions?

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4. Отметьте предложенные предложения T (True - верно), F (false - не верно), NM (Not Mentioned – не упоминается).

Six European countries joined forces in an alliance to control steel and coal supplies and to support economic growth after the Second World War.

2. One of the declared objectives is to represent the EU as a whole at any international meetings, conferences, summits and assemblies.

3. In the second pillar the EU member states can have armies of their own to protect themselves from any threats either domestic or foreign.

4. Open borders and freedom of movement indicate that there is a shift of workforce from relatively poor east into the west.

5. Citizens of the 10 new members won’t be able to move around the EU freely up to 7 years.

6. If a country is welcomed to join the EU, its government has to run a serious of referendums to clarify its population’s opinion.

5. Переведите на русский язык любой фрагмент из 10 строк.

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6. Найдите в статье понятия, соответствующие каждому определению.

…………………

1. The right to express any political or religious opinion, live, move around or act without the government or another country interfering.

…………………

2. The system that a country uses in order to make sure that people obey laws and that punishment is given to those people who break the law.

…………………

3. A rule or order that limits what you can do or prevents you from doing what you can do.

…………………

4. An atmosphere in which two or more companies try to get people to buy their goods and services in preference to the other firms’ goods and services.

…………………

5. A very sudden sometimes unexpected rise of interest rates and prices.

7. Восстановите каждое предложение.
the total/ the ten new/ have brought/ market/ countries/ 455 million people/ in the EU/ to around.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The European Central Bank/ and/ maintains/ in the euro area/ price stability/ the money supply / by controlling / monitoring price trends.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
legislation/ the European/ makes/ on / Parliament/ and / decisions/ the budget of the EU.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
and/ are /currently/ Romania/ negotiating/ the EU/ Bulgaria/ to join /by 2007.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

the organisation/ is/ integrates/ The European Union/ which/ both politically/ 25 countries/ and/ economically.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Передайте содержание каждого предложения на английском языке. Каждое слово переводить не обязательно. Многие фрагменты нужно взять из статьи.

В настоящее время ЕС насчитывает 25 стран.

Для многих стран вступление в ЕС означает серьезные преобразования в области социальной и экономической политики.

Во-первых, вступившим в ЕС странам предстоит решить проблемы, связанные с безработицей.

Во-вторых, новым участникам предстоит пересмотреть в соответствии с законами ЕС многие программы по социальному обеспечению населения.

В-третьих, государства теряют независимость не только географически, но и на уровне государственного управления.

9. Отразите основное содержание статьи в объёме 5-6 предложений на английском языке.

Test 04

1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием статьи и вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово.

a. negotiations	b. stance	c. attempt
d. submission	e. achieve	f. advantage

Business Growth

A takeover is the acquisition of control of another company. This is normally done by buying a controlling interest (51%) in the shares of the company. Takeovers are referred to as hostile if the firm subject to the takeover bid does not welcome the bid. If the firm being taken over (we will refer to them as the 'victim') seeks to resist the takeover, it is referred to as a 'contested takeover'.

The mechanics of a takeover centres on the intention by a firm to tempt the shareholders of the 'victim' to sell their shares to the firm doing the bidding. If, for example, a company had ten million shares currently valued at £2p, the total value of the firm (its market capitalisation) would be £20 million. The bidding firm might therefore come in with an offer of £2.20 for each share, valuing the company at £20,200,000.

If the Board advises its shareholders that this is an offer they feel undervalues the firm, then they would be likely to recommend rejecting the offer, in which case the bidding firm would have to decide whether to increase its offer. If the bidding firm is keen enough - and this would give some indication as to its view about the potential for the 'victim' following the takeover - then it will have to decide how much to increase its offer.

In some cases, the bidding firm will instruct its agents to buy a large amount of shares in the 'victim' company as soon as the market opens to signal its intention to launch its bid.

Such a strategy is known as a 'dawn raid'. It may be used as an alternative to announcing a formal takeover bid.

The process of a takeover involves a wide range of terminology that is linked to who is doing the taking over and what view the 'victim' has of the takeover. In the case of a hostile takeover, the firm making the bid can be referred to as a 'black knight'. In such cases, the 'victim' firm does not welcome the takeover (1) …… but it may well be that the 'black knight' is too strong and powerful for the 'victim' to do anything about it. A 'white knight' is a firm that may enter the fray as a 'friendly' bidder. It may be more acceptable to the 'victim' and offers a more palatable partner in (2) …… .

Other protagonists to the bidding process may well enter. A 'grey knight' is a third firm that is not welcomed by the 'victim', seeking to exploit the situation to their own (3) …… and a 'yellow knight' is a firm who originally seeks to launch a hostile takeover bid but then moderates its (4) …… and negotiates on the basis of a merger - the 'yellow' being used to imply some element of 'cowardice' in the behaviour of the bidding firm who may begin to appreciate that it will not be able to 'bully' its 'victim' into (5) …….

One final bit of terminology associated with 'white squires'. Such a firm may not be big enough to be able to take control of another firm but may well seek to buy into the 'victim' firm to prevent the 'black knight' from being able to (6) …… its takeover plans.

2. Найдите в статье английские эквиваленты следующих фраз. Все предложение из статьи выписывать не нужно. Произведите все необходимые сокращения.

Если компания достаточно прозорлива.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Компания может скупать акции жертвы, прежде чем объявить о намерениях слияния.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Слияние рассматривается как враждебное, если компания-объект слияния не приветствует его.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

«Серый рыцарь» может воспользоваться ситуацией и обратить её в свою пользу.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Компания может осознавать, что она не способна воздействовать на другую компанию.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Вероятнее всего, они будут рекомендовать отказаться от предложения.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Эта компания может быть более приемлема для компании-жертвы.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Ответьте на вопросы относительно содержания статьи.

1. Why is a takeover called hostile?

2. Who in a ‘victim’ company usually decides how to react on a bid?

3. What is a ‘dawn raid?

4. What is the difference between a ‘black knight’ and a ‘white knight’?

5. What company is defined as a ‘white squire’?

	1. A takeover is the acquisition by a company done by buying a controlling interest (51%) in the shares.
	2. The bidding firm usually offers more than the ‘victim’ firm really costs.
	3. Agents of a bidding company buy ‘victim’ company’s shares at the beginning of market operations.
	4. A 'black knight' is a hostile takeover which the 'victim' firm does not welcome.
	5. A 'white knight' is a firm which enters the fray as a 'friendly' bidder.
	6. A 'yellow' knight is a company which is not aggressive to achieve its objectives.

5. Переведите на русский язык любой фрагмент из 10 строк.

6. Найдите в статье понятия, соответствующие каждому определению.

…………………	1. A powerful and determined to expand company seeks to control another company without its agreement.
…………………	2. Discussions that take place to reach an agreement between companies which have different interests in business.
…………………	3. What you buy if you invest money in a company.
…………………	4. Two or more companies join together to form a larger company.
…………………	5. An offer to buy part of the share capital of a company.

7. Восстановите каждое предложение.

1. government/ tobacco taxes/ the German/ a large rise/ has approved/ in/ of 1 Euro.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. many/ tax/ there/ generally/ are/ governments/ reasons/ why/ tobacco.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. consumption/ the aim/ is/ to discourage/ of a demerit good/ of the tax.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. the good/ damaging/ don’t want/ the health/ the government/ to be over-consumed/ of the nation.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. in the tobacco tax/ the government/ will/ additional/ to collect/ help/ the rise/ 4bn Euro.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Компании объединяются для преодоления кризиса охватившего индустрию.

Слияние позволяет новой компании усилить свое положение на рынке.

Существует много причин, по которым ожидаемый рост может не оправдаться.

Руководство компании не может прийти к соглашению по поводу управления компании и стратегии.

Слиянию может препятствовать государство, так как оно не заинтересовано в появлении монополиста на рынке.

9. Отразите основное содержание статьи в объёме 5-6 предложений на английском языке.

Test 05

1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием статьи и вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово.

a. competitive position	b. monopoly	c. benefits
d. terms	e. shareholders	f. investment

Corporate mergers

Corporate mergers occur when two companies combine. In some cases both companies want to merge. This is called an agreed merger. Another situation is where one company seeks to control another without its agreement. This is called a hostile takeover. This is normally done by buying a controlling interest (51%) in the shares of the company. To avoid a hostile takeover the target company may seek a 'white knight' that may enter the fray as a 'friendly' bidder. It may be more acceptable to the 'victim' and offers a more palatable partner in negotiations.

It is up to the shareholders of the target company to approve a merger. They will usually do so if it is recommended by the board, or if they stand to make a substantial profit from the shares in the new company. A company can offer either shares in its own company or cash to shareholders in order to persuade them to sell out. If, for example, a company had ten million shares currently valued at £2p, the total value of the firm (its market capitalisation) would be £20 million. The bidding firm might therefore come in with an offer of £2.20 for each share, valuing the company at £20,200,000.

In a 'dawn raid' the acquiring company snaps up a substantial block of shares in the target company at the opening of the trading day - before the bid is known and speculation can push up the value of those shares.

There are many motivations for mergers. One reason is expansion: a larger, growing company may try to take over its smaller ri-

vals in order to grow bigger. In some cases it is the smaller company that wants to expand, but is hampered by lack of capital. It seeks a larger partner who will put in the necessary (1) …… . Other mergers seek to make cost-savings by integrating operations, sometimes on a world scale. Some mergers are defensive, responding to other mergers which threaten the (2) …… of a company.

Mergers tend to happen in waves. A stock market boom makes mergers much more attractive because it is relatively cheap to acquire other companies by paying for them in (high valued) shares. But falling share prices can also lead to a company being undervalued and hence an attractive acquisition. Some industries are forced into mergers by specific troubles facing that industry.

Mergers can fail because the two partners cannot agree (3) …… - for example, who will run the new company. Mergers can also run into regulatory problems. Governments may be concerned that the merger might create a (4) ……, and either block it or require the merged companies to sell some of the firms which are part of their business empire.

Finally, mergers may not produce the kind of (5) …… promised. Cost savings may fail to materialise, for example. Some academic studies have suggested that whatever the immediate benefit to (6) ……, mergers rarely give much added value to the economy as a whole.

2. Найдите в статье английские эквиваленты следующих фраз.

Новая после слияния компания не приносит значительной прибыли экономике в целом.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

«Дружелюбный» покупатель может быть более подходящим для компании-объекта слияния.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Падение стоимости акций может привести к занижению стоимости компании.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Решение о слиянии зависит от акционеров компании.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Компании не хватает для развития капитала.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

На «рассвете» компания, стремящаяся купить другую, выкупает значительный пакет её акций.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Некоторые компании вынуждены объединяться из-за сложностей в отрасли.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Ответьте на вопросы относительно содержания статьи.

How can a company seeking control over a target company persuade its (target company) shareholders to sell out?

2. Who in the target company makes a final decision?

3. What is the difference between a ‘black’ knight and a ‘white’ knight?

4. What is so special about ‘dawn raid’?

5. What are the main reasons for de-merger?

1. There is always a company - a 'grey knight' - which evaluates the situation ready to exploit the situation to their own advantage.

2. As a rule, the Board of the ‘victim’ company on behalf of shareholders decides to merge or not.

3. As soon as the market opens, the acquiring firm will instruct its agents to buy a large amount of shares in the 'victim' company.

4. Takeovers are referred to as hostile if the firm subject to the takeover bid does not welcome the bid.

5. Government can force the merged companies to sell some of the firms which are part of their core business.

6. Some academics say that mergers play a very important role in the economy as they give a lot of added value.

5. Переведите на русский язык любой фрагмент из 10 строк.

6. Найдите в статье понятия, соответствующие каждому определению.

…………………	1. A co-owner of a company because they have some shares in the company.
…………………	2. A decision or conclusion in a form of a document about something that everyone involved finds acceptable.
…………………	3. A powerful and determined to expand company seeks to control another company without its agreement.
…………………	4. An offer to buy a substantial part (usually with voting rights) of the share capital of a company.
…………………	5. Discussions that take place to reach an agreement between companies which have different interests in business.

7. Восстановите каждое предложение.

will/ Air France-KLM/ generate / annual/ of about /$22 billion/ revenues.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

for the first time/ in such/ major European airlines/ two/ have / forces / a tight alliance/ joined.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

the deal/ be scrutinized/ and / will /in Brussels / Washington/ next week/ by competition regulators.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

of Air France/ doesn’t/ the current structure/ create / for/ enough/ its shareholders/ revenue.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

will/ the deal/ Amsterdam’s/ the Dutch government/ help/ Schiphol airport/ to develop.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Слияние компаний осуществляется по обоюдному соглашению сторон.

На решение акционеров может повлиять совет директоров компании.

Компании объединяются для того, чтобы усилить свое влияние на рынке.

Но существуют определенные обстоятельства, которые могут повлиять на успех созданной компании.

Правительство может препятствовать появлению монополиста на рынке.

9. Отразите основное содержание статьи в объёме 5-6 предложений на английском языке.

Литература

Основная литература

1. Английский язык для студентов заочников. Гуманитарные специальности: Учебное пособие/ Л. В Хведченя, , и др. – 3-е изд., доп. –Мн.: Выш. Шк., 20с.

2. Английский язык для студентов. Учебник английского языка издательство Министерства общего и специального образования РФ Москва 2004 г. – 254 с.

Дополнительная литература

1. Peter Viney, John Curtin. Survival English. International communication for professional people.

2. Raymond Murphy. English grammar in use. For intermediate students.

3. Michael Vince. Intermediate language practice.

4. English Vocabulary in Use. (pre-intermediate)

5. English Vocabulary in Use. (intermediate)

Методические указания к выполнению контрольной работы для студентов заочной формы обучения. Английский язык

Студента______________________________________

Номер зачетной книжки________________________

Corporate mergers

Домашний очаг

Справочная информация

Техника

Общество

Образование и наука

Мир

Бизнес и финансы

a. responsible	b. reductions	c. agreement
d. cost	e. support	f. damage

	1. The protocol sees industrialised countries committing to cutting their combined greenhouse gas emissions to 5% below their 1990 levels by 2
	2. Having agreed to ratify the protocol, the Russians are hoping that they will receive support in joining the World Trade Organisation.
	3. Emissions trading works by allowing countries to buy and sell their agreed allowances of greenhouse gas emissions.
	4. Some countries with low emissions were permitted to increase them.
	5. The protocol also suffers from the withdrawal of the world's biggest single polluter, the United States.
	6. Mr Bush says he backs emissions reductions through voluntary action and new energy technologies.

…………………	1. A general agreement amongst a group of people or countries about something that should be done.
…………………	2. An objective or a result that you aim to achieve or gain.
…………………	3. Discussions that take place to reach an agreement between counterparts (countries, companies, people) that have different interests.
…………………	4. A document which is signed by counterparts because they have come to a mutual conclusion about something.
…………………	5. Something that will make your life better usually is a result of your actions.

a. uncertainty	b. agreement	c. independence
d. disappointment	e. population	f. concerns

	Six European countries joined forces in an alliance to control steel and coal supplies and to support economic growth after the Second World War.
	2. One of the declared objectives is to represent the EU as a whole at any international meetings, conferences, summits and assemblies.
	3. In the second pillar the EU member states can have armies of their own to protect themselves from any threats either domestic or foreign.
	4. Open borders and freedom of movement indicate that there is a shift of workforce from relatively poor east into the west.
	5. Citizens of the 10 new members won’t be able to move around the EU freely up to 7 years.
	6. If a country is welcomed to join the EU, its government has to run a serious of referendums to clarify its population’s opinion.

…………………	1. The right to express any political or religious opinion, live, move around or act without the government or another country interfering.
…………………	2. The system that a country uses in order to make sure that people obey laws and that punishment is given to those people who break the law.
…………………	3. A rule or order that limits what you can do or prevents you from doing what you can do.
…………………	4. An atmosphere in which two or more companies try to get people to buy their goods and services in preference to the other firms’ goods and services.
…………………	5. A very sudden sometimes unexpected rise of interest rates and prices.