Специальность: 240801.65 – Машины и аппараты химических производств Дисциплина: Английский язык Время выполнения теста: 80 минут Количество заданий: 34
Иностранный язык : Специфика артикуляции звуков, интонации, акцентуации и ритма нейтральной речи в изучаемом языке; основные особенности полного стиля произношения, характерные для сферы профессиональной коммуникации; чтение транскрипции. Лексический минимум в объеме 4000 учебных лексических единиц общего и терминологического характера. Понятие дифференциации лексики по сферам применения (бытовая, терминологическая, общенаучная, официальная и др.). Понятие о свободных и устойчивых словосочетаниях, фразеологических единицах. Понятие об основных способах словообразования. Грамматические навыки, обеспечивающие коммуникацию общего характера без искажения смысла при письменном и устном общении; основные грамматические явления, характерные для профессиональной речи. Понятие об обиходно-литературном, официально-деловом, научном стилях, стиле художественной литературы. Основные особенности научного стиля. Культура и традиции стран изучаемого языка, правила речевого этикета. Говорение. Диалогическая и монологическая речь с использованием наиболее употребительных и относительно простых лексико-грамматических средств в основных коммуникативных ситуациях неофициального и официального общения. Основы публичной речи (устное сообщение, доклад). Аудирование. Понимание диалогической и монологической речи в сфере бытовой и профессиональной коммуникации. Чтение. Виды текстов: несложные прагматические тексты и тексты по широкому и узкому профилю специальности. Письмо. Виды речевых произведений: аннотация, реферат, тезисы, сообщения, частное письмо, деловое письмо, биография.
Оформление служебной записки, телефонограммы, повестки дня
6
Чтение
27
Ознакомительное чтение с целью определения истинности утверждения
28
Ознакомительное чтение с целью определения ложности утверждения
29
Поисковое чтение с целью определения наличия в тексте запрашиваемой информации
30
Поисковое чтение с целью определения наличия или отсутствия в тексте запрашиваемой информации
31
Изучающее чтение с элементами анализа информации
32
Изучающее чтение с элементами аннотирования
33
Изучающее чтение с элементами сопоставления
34
Изучающее чтение с выделением главных компонентов содержания текста
Демонстрационный вариант
ЗАДАНИЕ N 1( - выберитеодинвариантответа)
Заполнитепропуск You can study a lot of different _____ at this university.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
options
2)
subjects
3)
careers
4)
degrees
ЗАДАНИЕ N 2( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск Let’s stop at this restaurant for a quick _____.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
smile
2)
walk
3)
menu
4)
meal
ЗАДАНИЕ N 3( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск Any machine must have moving _____.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
parts
2)
vehicle
3)
plates
4)
pipes
ЗАДАНИЕ N 4( - выберитеодинвариантответа)
Заполнитепропуск A _____ is a motor vehicle for a small number of passengers.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
tool
2)
reactor
3)
turbine
4)
car
ЗАДАНИЕ N 5( - выберитеодинвариантответа)
Заполнитепропуск The man had to _______ the paint because the first coat wasn’t sufficient.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
applicant
2)
reapply
3)
application
4)
unapplied
ЗАДАНИЕ N 6( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск Your bag looks heavy! I’ll carry _______ for you.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
them
2)
her
3)
him
4)
it
ЗАДАНИЕ N 7( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск The grass there was much _____ than on the upper field.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
the longest
2)
more long
3)
longer
4)
long
ЗАДАНИЕ N 8( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск We went for a walk along _______ coast.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
any
2)
the
3)
-
4)
an
ЗАДАНИЕ N 9( - выберитеодинвариантответа)
Заполнитепропуск The Pyramids were built _____ people who lived a long time ago.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
of
2)
with
3)
by
4)
after
ЗАДАНИЕ N 10( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск Security cameras are used _______ catch criminals.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
in order to
2)
or
3)
which
4)
for
ЗАДАНИЕ N 11( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск Do you want a sandwich? - No, thanks. I _____ just _____ lunch.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
have _____ had
2)
am _____ having
3)
had _____ had
4)
was _____ having
ЗАДАНИЕ N 12( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск She suggested _______ to the cinema.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
having gone
2)
gone
3)
going
4)
to go
ЗАДАНИЕ N 13( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск Paul _____ visiting his parents.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
insisted to
2)
insisted of
3)
insisted on
4)
insisted –
ЗАДАНИЕ N 14( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск _______ I park my car in your garage?
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
Are allowed to
2)
Can
3)
Need
4)
Is able to
ЗАДАНИЕ N 15( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Guest: .___________________.
Hostess: .Oh, I. m glad you enjoyed it..
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
The meal wasn. t as bad as I expected.
2)
Enjoy your meal.
3)
The meal was rather good.
4)
The meal was absolutely delicious.
ЗАДАНИЕ N 16( - выберитеодинвариантответа)
Заполнитепропуск Interviewer: Do you mind if I ask how old are you? Applicant: __________________
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
Actually, I’d rather not say. But put it this way, I’m about 40.
2)
I am not going to answer this question.
3)
Yes, I do.
4)
And what do you think?
ЗАДАНИЕ N 17( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения
Student: .Have you had time to mark my composition?.
Teacher: .__________________________.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
Oh, dear, you look awful, what. s the matter with you?
2)
Yes, it was quite good, and I. ve underlined the mistakes you. ve made.
3)
Yes, and I do hope you don. t mind my saying this but you. ve made one or two tiny mistakes.
4)
Yes, I have.
ЗАДАНИЕ N 18( - выберитеодинвариантответа)
Заполнитепропуск Visitor: _________________ Local Resident: Oh, you can get a bus … any bus will take you there.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
Where is Central Station?
2)
I’m looking for Central Station.
3)
Central Station.
4)
Excuse me … How can I get to Central Station, please?
ЗАДАНИЕ N 19( - выберитеодинвариантответа)
Заполнитепропуск The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of _____.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
four parts
2)
two parts
3)
five parts
4)
three parts
ЗАДАНИЕ N 20( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск The Library of Congress is situated in _____.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
London
2)
Oxford
3)
Boston
4)
New York
ЗАДАНИЕ N 21( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Заполните пропуск French is an official language in _____.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
New Zealand
2)
Canada
3)
India
4)
Sweden
ЗАДАНИЕ N 22( - выберитеодинвариантответа)
Заполнитепропуск What’s the name of a member of the Beatles who was murdered in the USA?
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
Lennon
2)
Stevenson
3)
Rowling
4)
Mc Courtney
ЗАДАНИЕ N 23( - выберите варианты согласно указанной последовательности)
Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке FOOD MACHINES
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
Dear Mr Sawyer,
2)
6 Pine Estate, Bedford Road, Bristol, UB28 12BP Telephone 9 Fax 9 6 August 2005
3)
Thank you for your letter. I am afraid that we have a problem with your order. Unfortunately, the manufacturers of the part you wish to order have advised us that they cannot supply it until November. Would you prefer us to supply a substitute, or would you rather wait until the original parts are again available?
4)
James Sawyer, Sales Manager, Electro Ltd, Perry Road Estate, Oxbridge UN54 42KF.
5)
I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Simon Tramp Sales Manager
ЗАДАНИЕ N 24( - выберите варианты согласно тексту задания)
Перед Вами конверт
Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
A)
the street name in the mailing address
B)
the town the letter comes from
C)
the ZIP Code in the mailing address
D)
the addressee
E)
the ZIP Code in the return address
F)
the addressee. s company name
ЗАДАНИЕ N 25( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, к какому виду делового документа относится представленный ниже отрывок
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
Letter of enquiry / request
2)
CV
3)
Contract
4)
Memo
ЗАДАНИЕ N 26( - выберитевариантысогласнотекстузадания)
To : Secretarial Supervisor (1) _____ : Claire McElroy (2) _____ : Demonstration of new office equipment
The (3) _____ of Smart Equipment will visit us on 28 April to demonstrate their new computer and fax-machine which you are sure to be interested in. Please arrange the time to meet him so that all your staff could be present. (4) _____
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
A)
Subject
B)
C. M.
C)
From
D)
Sales Manager
ЗАДАНИЕ N 27( - выберитеодинвариантответа)
Определите, являетсялиутверждение:
Efficiency, among other ways, is achieved through using corresponding personnel organisation.
Прочитайтетекст EFFICIENCY IN ENGINEERING OPERATIONS
1. To solve an engineering problem means to find a proper solution having taken into account the user’s needs and conflicting requirements of the production process. Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performance increases weight. An engineering solution is to be the optimum based on many factors: it should be the cheapest for a given performance, the most reliable for a given weight, the simplest for a given safety or the most efficient for a given cost. In other words engineering means performance optimisation.
2. The rate of efficiency is calculated according to “output divided by input” formula: one should secure a maximum output for a given input or to secure a given output for a minimum input. Efficiency is achieved by using efficient methods, devices, and personnel organisations. The efficiency ratio may be expressed in terms of energy, materials, money, time or men. The processing of new antibiotics in the test-tube stagebelongsto the field of biochemistry science. One of the main engineering problems is to start the efficient process of their manufacturing but the need for efficiency brings about the introduction of complicated engineering operations. The efficiency factor also helps to differentiate ceramic engineering from the work of the potter, textile engineering from weaving, and agricultural engineering from farming.
3. Since output is input minus losses, the engineer must keep losses and wastes to a minimum having developed methods for waste products to be properly utilised. Losses due to friction can occur in any machine or system. Efficient functioning depends on a good design, lubrication facilities and careful attention to operating difficulties.
4. The raw materials engineers have to work with are not often found in useful forms. Engineering is required to conceive, design and convert energy of a mountain stream into the powerful torque of an electric motor. Similarly, many engineering operations are required to change the seashore sands into precise lenses to observe the microscopic amoeba in a drop of water. In a certain sense, the successful engineer is a person who is able to improve things.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
в тексте нет информации
2)
истинными
3)
ложными
ЗАДАНИЕ N 28( - выберитеодинвариантответа)
Определите, являетсялиутверждение:
Conflicting requirements of the production process should be taken into consideration when solving an engineering problem.
Прочитайтетекст EFFICIENCY IN ENGINEERING OPERATIONS
1. To solve an engineering problem means to find a proper solution having taken into account the user’s needs and conflicting requirements of the production process. Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performance increases weight. An engineering solution is to be the optimum based on many factors: it should be the cheapest for a given performance, the most reliable for a given weight, the simplest for a given safety or the most efficient for a given cost. In other words engineering means performance optimisation.
2. The rate of efficiency is calculated according to “output divided by input” formula: one should secure a maximum output for a given input or to secure a given output for a minimum input. Efficiency is achieved by using efficient methods, devices, and personnel organisations. The efficiency ratio may be expressed in terms of energy, materials, money, time or men. The processing of new antibiotics in the test-tube stagebelongsto the field of biochemistry science. One of the main engineering problems is to start the efficient process of their manufacturing but the need for efficiency brings about the introduction of complicated engineering operations. The efficiency factor also helps to differentiate ceramic engineering from the work of the potter, textile engineering from weaving, and agricultural engineering from farming.
3. Since output is input minus losses, the engineer must keep losses and wastes to a minimum having developed methods for waste products to be properly utilised. Losses due to friction can occur in any machine or system. Efficient functioning depends on a good design, lubrication facilities and careful attention to operating difficulties.
4. The raw materials engineers have to work with are not often found in useful forms. Engineering is required to conceive, design and convert energy of a mountain stream into the powerful torque of an electric motor. Similarly, many engineering operations are required to change the seashore sands into precise lenses to observe the microscopic amoeba in a drop of water. In a certain sense, the successful engineer is a person who is able to improve things.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
в тексте нет информации
2)
истинным
3)
ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ N 29( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Raw materials are often found in the forms engineers have to work with.
Прочитайтетекст EFFICIENCY IN ENGINEERING OPERATIONS
1. To solve an engineering problem means to find a proper solution having taken into account the user’s needs and conflicting requirements of the production process. Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performance increases weight. An engineering solution is to be the optimum based on many factors: it should be the cheapest for a given performance, the most reliable for a given weight, the simplest for a given safety or the most efficient for a given cost. In other words engineering means performance optimisation.
2. The rate of efficiency is calculated according to “output divided by input” formula: one should secure a maximum output for a given input or to secure a given output for a minimum input. Efficiency is achieved by using efficient methods, devices, and personnel organisations. The efficiency ratio may be expressed in terms of energy, materials, money, time or men. The processing of new antibiotics in the test-tube stagebelongsto the field of biochemistry science. One of the main engineering problems is to start the efficient process of their manufacturing but the need for efficiency brings about the introduction of complicated engineering operations. The efficiency factor also helps to differentiate ceramic engineering from the work of the potter, textile engineering from weaving, and agricultural engineering from farming.
3. Since output is input minus losses, the engineer must keep losses and wastes to a minimum having developed methods for waste products to be properly utilised. Losses due to friction can occur in any machine or system. Efficient functioning depends on a good design, lubrication facilities and careful attention to operating difficulties.
4. The raw materials engineers have to work with are not often found in useful forms. Engineering is required to conceive, design and convert energy of a mountain stream into the powerful torque of an electric motor. Similarly, many engineering operations are required to change the seashore sands into precise lenses to observe the microscopic amoeba in a drop of water. In a certain sense, the successful engineer is a person who is able to improve things.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
в тексте нет информации
2)
ложным
3)
истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ N 30( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Losses due to heating can occur in any system.
Прочитайтетекст EFFICIENCY IN ENGINEERING OPERATIONS
1. To solve an engineering problem means to find a proper solution having taken into account the user’s needs and conflicting requirements of the production process. Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performance increases weight. An engineering solution is to be the optimum based on many factors: it should be the cheapest for a given performance, the most reliable for a given weight, the simplest for a given safety or the most efficient for a given cost. In other words engineering means performance optimisation.
2. The rate of efficiency is calculated according to “output divided by input” formula: one should secure a maximum output for a given input or to secure a given output for a minimum input. Efficiency is achieved by using efficient methods, devices, and personnel organisations. The efficiency ratio may be expressed in terms of energy, materials, money, time or men. The processing of new antibiotics in the test-tube stagebelongsto the field of biochemistry science. One of the main engineering problems is to start the efficient process of their manufacturing but the need for efficiency brings about the introduction of complicated engineering operations. The efficiency factor also helps to differentiate ceramic engineering from the work of the potter, textile engineering from weaving, and agricultural engineering from farming.
3. Since output is input minus losses, the engineer must keep losses and wastes to a minimum having developed methods for waste products to be properly utilised. Losses due to friction can occur in any machine or system. Efficient functioning depends on a good design, lubrication facilities and careful attention to operating difficulties.
4. The raw materials engineers have to work with are not often found in useful forms. Engineering is required to conceive, design and convert energy of a mountain stream into the powerful torque of an electric motor. Similarly, many engineering operations are required to change the seashore sands into precise lenses to observe the microscopic amoeba in a drop of water. In a certain sense, the successful engineer is a person who is able to improve things.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
ложным
2)
в тексте нет информации
3)
истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ N 31( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержит следующую информацию:
A successful engineer must be able to avoid unnecessary losses of energy and materials.
Прочитайтетекст EFFICIENCY IN ENGINEERING OPERATIONS
1. To solve an engineering problem means to find a proper solution having taken into account the user’s needs and conflicting requirements of the production process. Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performance increases weight. An engineering solution is to be the optimum based on many factors: it should be the cheapest for a given performance, the most reliable for a given weight, the simplest for a given safety or the most efficient for a given cost. In other words engineering means performance optimisation.
2. The rate of efficiency is calculated according to “output divided by input” formula: one should secure a maximum output for a given input or to secure a given output for a minimum input. Efficiency is achieved by using efficient methods, devices, and personnel organisations. The efficiency ratio may be expressed in terms of energy, materials, money, time or men. The processing of new antibiotics in the test-tube stagebelongsto the field of biochemistry science. One of the main engineering problems is to start the efficient process of their manufacturing but the need for efficiency brings about the introduction of complicated engineering operations. The efficiency factor also helps to differentiate ceramic engineering from the work of the potter, textile engineering from weaving, and agricultural engineering from farming.
3. Since output is input minus losses, the engineer must keep losses and wastes to a minimum having developed methods for waste products to be properly utilised. Losses due to friction can occur in any machine or system. Efficient functioning depends on a good design, lubrication facilities and careful attention to operating difficulties.
4. The raw materials engineers have to work with are not often found in useful forms. Engineering is required to conceive, design and convert energy of a mountain stream into the powerful torque of an electric motor. Similarly, many engineering operations are required to change the seashore sands into precise lenses to observe the microscopic amoeba in a drop of water. In a certain sense, the successful engineer is a person who is able to improve things.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
1
2)
4
3)
2
4)
3
ЗАДАНИЕ N 32( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержит следующую информацию:
An engineering solution is to be based on many factors: cost, reliability, safety and others.
Прочитайтетекст EFFICIENCY IN ENGINEERING OPERATIONS
1. To solve an engineering problem means to find a proper solution having taken into account the user’s needs and conflicting requirements of the production process. Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performance increases weight. An engineering solution is to be the optimum based on many factors: it should be the cheapest for a given performance, the most reliable for a given weight, the simplest for a given safety or the most efficient for a given cost. In other words engineering means performance optimisation.
2. The rate of efficiency is calculated according to “output divided by input” formula: one should secure a maximum output for a given input or to secure a given output for a minimum input. Efficiency is achieved by using efficient methods, devices, and personnel organisations. The efficiency ratio may be expressed in terms of energy, materials, money, time or men. The processing of new antibiotics in the test-tube stagebelongsto the field of biochemistry science. One of the main engineering problems is to start the efficient process of their manufacturing but the need for efficiency brings about the introduction of complicated engineering operations. The efficiency factor also helps to differentiate ceramic engineering from the work of the potter, textile engineering from weaving, and agricultural engineering from farming.
3. Since output is input minus losses, the engineer must keep losses and wastes to a minimum having developed methods for waste products to be properly utilised. Losses due to friction can occur in any machine or system. Efficient functioning depends on a good design, lubrication facilities and careful attention to operating difficulties.
4. The raw materials engineers have to work with are not often found in useful forms. Engineering is required to conceive, design and convert energy of a mountain stream into the powerful torque of an electric motor. Similarly, many engineering operations are required to change the seashore sands into precise lenses to observe the microscopic amoeba in a drop of water. In a certain sense, the successful engineer is a person who is able to improve things.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
2
2)
3
3)
4
4)
1
ЗАДАНИЕ N 33( - выберитеодинвариантответа)
Ответьтенавопрос:
What is the definition of efficiency in engineering?
Прочитайтетекст EFFICIENCY IN ENGINEERING OPERATIONS
1. To solve an engineering problem means to find a proper solution having taken into account the user’s needs and conflicting requirements of the production process. Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performance increases weight. An engineering solution is to be the optimum based on many factors: it should be the cheapest for a given performance, the most reliable for a given weight, the simplest for a given safety or the most efficient for a given cost. In other words engineering means performance optimisation.
2. The rate of efficiency is calculated according to “output divided by input” formula: one should secure a maximum output for a given input or to secure a given output for a minimum input. Efficiency is achieved by using efficient methods, devices, and personnel organisations. The efficiency ratio may be expressed in terms of energy, materials, money, time or men. The processing of new antibiotics in the test-tube stagebelongsto the field of biochemistry science. One of the main engineering problems is to start the efficient process of their manufacturing but the need for efficiency brings about the introduction of complicated engineering operations. The efficiency factor also helps to differentiate ceramic engineering from the work of the potter, textile engineering from weaving, and agricultural engineering from farming.
3. Since output is input minus losses, the engineer must keep losses and wastes to a minimum having developed methods for waste products to be properly utilised. Losses due to friction can occur in any machine or system. Efficient functioning depends on a good design, lubrication facilities and careful attention to operating difficulties.
4. The raw materials engineers have to work with are not often found in useful forms. Engineering is required to conceive, design and convert energy of a mountain stream into the powerful torque of an electric motor. Similarly, many engineering operations are required to change the seashore sands into precise lenses to observe the microscopic amoeba in a drop of water. In a certain sense, the successful engineer is a person who is able to improve things.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
It is the output to input ratio.
2)
It is a given input and minimum output.
3)
It is maximum input for a given output.
4)
It is minimum output for a given input.
ЗАДАНИЕ N 34( - выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите основную идею текста
Прочитайте текст EFFICIENCY IN ENGINEERING OPERATIONS
1. To solve an engineering problem means to find a proper solution having taken into account the user’s needs and conflicting requirements of the production process. Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performance increases weight. An engineering solution is to be the optimum based on many factors: it should be the cheapest for a given performance, the most reliable for a given weight, the simplest for a given safety or the most efficient for a given cost. In other words engineering means performance optimisation.
2. The rate of efficiency is calculated according to “output divided by input” formula: one should secure a maximum output for a given input or to secure a given output for a minimum input. Efficiency is achieved by using efficient methods, devices, and personnel organisations. The efficiency ratio may be expressed in terms of energy, materials, money, time or men. The processing of new antibiotics in the test-tube stagebelongsto the field of biochemistry science. One of the main engineering problems is to start the efficient process of their manufacturing but the need for efficiency brings about the introduction of complicated engineering operations. The efficiency factor also helps to differentiate ceramic engineering from the work of the potter, textile engineering from weaving, and agricultural engineering from farming.
3. Since output is input minus losses, the engineer must keep losses and wastes to a minimum having developed methods for waste products to be properly utilised. Losses due to friction can occur in any machine or system. Efficient functioning depends on a good design, lubrication facilities and careful attention to operating difficulties.
4. The raw materials engineers have to work with are not often found in useful forms. Engineering is required to conceive, design and convert energy of a mountain stream into the powerful torque of an electric motor. Similarly, many engineering operations are required to change the seashore sands into precise lenses to observe the microscopic amoeba in a drop of water. In a certain sense, the successful engineer is a person who is able to improve things.
ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:
1)
The processing of new antibiotics belongsto the field of biochemistry.
2)
The successful engineer is a person who is able to use raw materials.
3)
The efficiency factor helps to differentiate engineering from farming.
4)
Any performance optimisation is the goal of engineering.
- выберите варианты согласно указанной последовательности)
