Прямая речь (Direct Speech)

Reported Speech. Part I Прямая речь (Direct Speech) – это буквальная передача чьего-либо высказывания. Прямая речь выделяется кавычками, ‘одинарными’ или “двойными”. И открывающие, и закрывающие кавычки располагаются в верхней части строки. Слова автора могут находиться перед прямой речью, после нее, а также в середине. Слова автора отделяются от прямой речи запятой. Pete said, “I can’t help you, it’s too late.” “I can’t help you,” said Pete, “it’s too late.” “I can’t help you, it’s too late,” said Pete. Если в приведенных примерах Pete заменить на he, то в середине и в конце порядок слов будет обычным: he said. Косвенная речь (Reported Speech) – это передача содержания прямой речи в виде пере­сказа. При переходе от прямой речи к косвенной в английском языке со­блюдаются определен­ные правила. Если в словах автора используется глагол в прошедшем времени, то те глаголы, которые в прямой речи употреблялись в настоящем времени (Present Simple, Continuous or Perfect), в косвенной речи будут стоять в прошедшем времени (Past Simple, Continuous or Perfect). Jack said, ‘I like fish.’ I said, ‘I’m listening to you.’ They said, ‘We have cleaned the board.’ Jim said that he liked fish. I said that I was listening to him. They said that they had cleaned the board. Обратите внимание на have / has got. Если это не Present Perfect от глагола get, а структура со значением «иметь», то в косвенной речи got опускается. Сравните: He said, ‘I’ve got black eyes.’ She said, ‘I’ve just got a message.’ He said that he had black eyes. She said that she had just got a message. Слова автора в косвенной речи всегда стоят на первом месте. Между словами автора и косвенной речью используется союз that, но в разговоре он обычно опускается. Важно также не забывать менять личные местоимения по смыслу.

Exercise 1.Change into the reported speech. Use said that: 1.  John: ‘I know the rule.’ 2.  Ann: ‘I can speak French.’ 3.  Polly: ‘I am not thirsty.’ 4.  I: ‘I’ve got two brothers.’ 5.  Pete: ‘I am watching TV.’ 6.  Jim: ‘My grandma lives in America.’ 7.  Fred: ‘My sister and I like films and we often go to the cinema.’ 8.  Jane: ‘Our teachers are kind to us.’ 9.  Andy: ‘My uncle has got a big car.’ 10.  Kate: ‘My dad is a good swimmer and he likes diving.’ 11.  They: ‘We don’t want to sleep.’ 12.  He: ‘There is a vase on the table.’ 13.  Dan: ‘I can’t go shopping on my own.’ 14.  Mary: ‘My mother works on Saturdays.’ 15.  Nick: ‘Mum is cooking something in the kitchen.’ 16.  She: ‘I’m looking forward to buying a new laptop.’ 17.  We: ‘Pete always helps us when we ask him.’ 18.  My mum: ‘You aren’t doing your homework.’ 19.  Sarah: ‘It’s raining heavily.’ 20.  Bill: ‘I’ve got a better phone than my friend.’ Exercise 2. Write the sentences in the direct speech. Jack said that he was ill. – Jack said, “I am ill.”/ “I am ill,” said Jack. 1.I said that I knew the story. 2.Molly said she was glad to come. 3.They said they were having a good time. 4.Tom’s mother said that her son never helped her. 5.Amy said her new dress was too big. 6.Toby said he didn’t want to see the film. 7.Bob said that he was ready to help me. 8.Clare said she could dance very well. 9.John said he had two dogs. 10.Dick said his brother was having lunch. Exercise 3. Imagine that you have moved to a new house and your new neighbor, Mrs. Grey came to talk to you. Report what she told you. Begin each sentence with She said. I’m your new neighbor. My name is Anna. There are four in our family. My husband is a doctor. He works a lot every day. We’ve got a daughter and a son. Our daughter Kathy is seven. She goes to school but she doesn’t like it. Our son is only two. He can walk and run well but he can’t talk yet. We have got a lot of friends. We often have parties and sometimes they can be a bit noisy. We’re going to have a party on Sunday. You can also come if you want.