Олимпиада по английскому языку

МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ СРЕДНЯЯ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ШКОЛА № 35

ОЛИМПИАДА ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

9 – 11 классы.

IX-XI FORM

TEST 1 Reading

Fill in the gaps 1-7 with the parts of the sentences A-H. There is one extra part which you do not need to use.

Civilisation is a way of life that arose after people began to live in cities or in societies organised as states. The word comes from the Latin word civis, which means 1------A civilisation consists of the art, customs, technology, form of government, and every­thing else that makes up the way of life in a society. In this respect, civilisation is similar to culture. But culture refers to any way of life and includes both 2------ The word civilisation refers only to life styles that feature complex economic, governmental, and social systems.Therefore, every human being lives within a culture, but not everyone lives within a civilisation. Throughout history, individual civilisations have arisen and coll­ apsed, but the basic features of civilisation 3______Ideas and inventions spread from one civilisation to another. In many cases, similar developments occur independently in different civilisations.

During most of the prehistoric period, people lived 4______.They hunted, fished, and gathered wild plants. These early people had a simple social organisation based on close family ties. Between 13,000 and 10,000 years ago, some societies of hunters and gatherers in the Middle East adopted more settled ways of life and developed social organisations based on larger, more formal groups. All of these societies developed in areas with predictable seasonal supplies of such foods as fish and easily gathered plant foods. Some archaeologists believe that the social changes occurred in part because certain grain plants be­came more plentiful near the end of the last Ice Age, about 10,000 years ago. The technology and social organizations of some of these more advanced societies served as a foundation for later farming societies.

About 9000 B. C., people in the Middle East began to cultivate cereal grasses and other plants. They also domesticated goats and sheep at about this time, and 5______in Southeast Asia, people had begun raising crops by about 7000 B. C.

The rise of agriculture was a major step in the development of civilisation. Farmers settled in permanent villages, which had enough food to support a few craftworkers and priests. Periodic food shortages led to increased trade among villages. The villagers exchanged grain, pottery, and various raw about 3500 B. C., people in the Middle East had
learned to smelt copper and make bronze tools and weapons. The demand for metal ore increased, and priests and chieftains gained greater control overtrade. Gradually, villages in the Middle East grew into cities. Religious shrines and sacred places, which flourished as eremonial sites, became 6______.Several civilisations developed independently in various parts of the world. The first one arose about 3500 B. C. in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley in the Middle East. Other civilisations developed in the Nile Valley in Egypt, the Indus Valley in what are now Pakistan and north-western India, the Huang He Valley in China, and the Andes Mountains of present-day Peru. These ancient civilisations grew up in widely different natural environments. The people developed systems of wri­ ting and new forms of government,7_______and excelled in crafts and art. Philosophers, histo­rians, and archaeologists have suggested many reasons for the-rise and fall of civilisations. George W. F. Hegel, a German philosopher of the early 1800s, compared societies to individuals who pass the torch of civilization from one to another. During this process, according to Hegel, civilisation develops through three stages:

1) rule by one person, a dictator;

2) rule by one class of society;

3) rule by all the people.

Hegel believed the process eventually results in freedom for all people. The German philosopher Oswald Spengler thought civilisations, like living things, are born, mature, and die. He wrote that Western civilisation is dying and will be replaced by a new Asian civilisation. The British historian Arnold Toynbee proposed his theory of challenge and response. Toynbee believed that civilisations arise only where the environment challenges the people, and only when the people are ready to respond to the challenge. For example, a hot, dry climate makes land unsuitable for farming and represents a challenge to people who live there. The people may respond to this challenge by building irrigation systems to improve the land. Toynbee suggested that civilizations collapse when the people lose their creativity.

Most archaeologists attribute the rise of civilisations to a combination of causes, including the structure of political and social life, the ways people modify their environment, and changes in population. In many cases, civilisations may have appeared because local chieftains took deliberate steps to strengthen their own political power. Many scientists believe that political forces and the misuse of land and other natural resour­ces resulted in the economic and political collapse of early civilisations.

A. in small groups and moved from place to place
in search of food

B. made cities advanced in science and technology

C. state of a human society that is very developed
and organised

D. citizen of a city

E. the citizen of economic and political power in the
emerging cities

F. simple and complex lifestyles

G. later tamed cattle
H. do not disappear

Writing

2. Write the following definitions in one word.

1) any elected official responsible for making laws

2) any object made by human beings

3) to set apart or separate so as to be alone

4) very old; existing for many years

5) difficult to do or to deal with

6) a person who fights or has experience in battle

7) being the only one of its type

8) to get or overcome by force

9) amount of money or property or the state of having such

10) a group of persons gathered together to discuss or make decisions about public matters

11) connected with a foreign country, especially those separated from your country by the sea or ocean; abroad

3. Fill in the correct verb form (Present Simple or Present Progressive).

1. You can't see Betty now: she (have) a bath.

2. I won't go out now as it (rain) and I (not/have) an umbrella.

3. What Tom (do) in the evenings? — He usually (go) to the swimming pool or (play) golf.

4. I (work) at the petrol station but at the moment I (have) a holiday.

5. I (not/like) Emma. She always (complain).

6. He (drink) coffee every morning but his coffee machine is out of order and this morning he (drink) tea.

7. You (wear) casual clothes when you (work)? — Unfortunately I (have to wear) a business suit.

8. What (you/do) in the attic, Jim? — I (look) for my old sweater. I (go) to the forest with Mathew.

9. I (not/remember) the name of the man who (stand) near the statue. — Really? It's Mr Shames, our Geometry teacher. He (likes) modern sculpture very much.

10. My granny (not/make) pancakes on Friday, but she (make) some today as Jane (come) to see us in the evening.

4. Fill in the correct verb form (Future Simple or Present Simple).

1. If he (read) my letters I (become) angry.

2. I (tell) you about my trip when I (have) time.

3. If you (not/give up) smoking you (have) health problems.

4. I am sure he (ring) me up.

5. Betty (want) to know if Jim (marry) Sophie.

6. Mother (be) home when she (buy) all the neces­sary things for her traditional pie.

7. I (not/be) sure if they (read) all the papers.

8. If you (want) to see me I (wait) for you.

9. I (buy) you a new CD if you (wash up).

10. I (meet) you at the airport if you (send) me a telegram.

5. Fill in the correct verb form (Future Simple or Present
Progressive).

1. Jack (be) ready in a moment. He (finish) just lunch.

2. The charwoman (come) on Saturday at 12. She (wash) the floors and (do) the laundry.

3. Don't ring granny. She (watch) her favourite soap opera. — OK. I (do) it at 10.

4. What you (do) next weekend? I (play) golf. — I (work) as usual.

5.1 (go) to the supermarket. Do you need anything? — Don't bother. Thank you. I (do) tomorrow.

6. I (go) to Austria next week. — You are lucky. You (eat) famous Austrian cakes and (drink) their excellent coffee.

7. You (use) your grammar textbook this morning? No. You can take it. — Thank you. I (put) it back in your drawer after 7.

8. He (leave) to New Zealand soon. He (work) as an ecologist there.

9. They (get) married in June. — I hope they (invite) us for the wedding.

10. I (leave) at 6.30 in the morning. — Don't worry. I (give) you a lift.

6. Use the articles where necessary to complete the sen­tences.

1. There was....................... knock on........................ door. I opened it and found small dark man in blue overcoat and........................... woollen cap.

2. What did you eat for....... lunch today?

3. May I have another................................ cup of …………….. tea?

4. Ben was making........................ great progress. ……………teacher told us of progress he was making.

5. It took....................... two girls only......................... minute to reach boutique on other side of street.

6.............................. writer has just finished.................. historical novel.

7. Can you drive......................... eighty kilometers hour?

8............................. married couples with..................... children often rent cottages by seaside for summer holidays.

9. In........................... galaxy of..................... monarchs who have reigned in Britain since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been....................... wide variety of different characters.

10. He broke............................. leg in.......................... skating accident. It's still in plaster.

7. Use the articles where necessary to complete the text.

Princess of Wales, Diana, married Prince Charles on 29 July 1981. She achieved 1…………phenomenal worldwide popularity as 2 fashion icon, for her charitable work and as

3…………devoted mother to her two sons, William and Harry. Diana became 4………..most photographed woman in 5 world and attracted intense media interest. 6 marriage

dissolved due to allegations that Charles was having 7…… affair, Diana is also believed to have had 8……….. affair. In 1992, she contributed to 9 book Diana, Her True Story by Andrew Morton, which revealed 10…………. truth about her so-called 'fairytale' marriage. 11 book created 12…………… scandal and13 same year Diana and Charles separated. They divorced four years later. Diana continued her charity work and, among other projects, championed 14 ………. campaign against anti-personnel mines organised by the Red Cross organisation. In 1997, Diana was in Paris with her friend Dodi Fayed when their car car crashed while being pursued by 15…………… paparazzi. Dodi was killed and Diana, who was severely injured, died 16 few hours later. Her funeral in London attracted 17 extra­ ordinary public grief.

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Работа составлена учителями английского языка МУ СОШ №35: ,