Цели и задачи УО

2. Цели и задачи УО

1. Обеспечение работоспособности СЦ, НГ и ЭСУ, модернизация и проведение физ. экспериментов на ускорителях

2. Проектирование и сооружение изохронного циклотрона ГИЦ.

3. РТБ и мониторинг.

4. Поддержание инфраструктуры – 40 т. м2.

3. Штат УО – 70 чел. (до 1985 г. – 150 чел.)

4. Структура УО:

УО = ЛФТУ + ЭТО

5. Лаборатория Физики и Техники Ускорителей – ЛФТУ

Руководитель:

Штат – 15 чел. научно-технический персонал.

Основные направления исследований:

· Оптика пучков

· Магнитные измерения и мат. моделирование

· ВЧ системы ускорителей

· Ионные источники для ускорителей

· Радиационный мониторинг

· Проектирование и сооружение ГИЦ

6. Эксплуатационно-технический отдел ЭТО

Штат – 70 чел. (недоукомплектован на 50 %)

Начальник -

Гл. инженер -

Структура ЭТО:
1. Служба ускорителей СЦ.

2. Радиотехническая служба.

3. Электротехническая служба.

4. Вакуумно-технологическая служба.

5. Служба радиационного мониторинга.

6. Служба управления НГ и ЭСУ.

7. Хоз.-техническая служба.

7. Синхроциклотрон 1 ГэВ.

The design, construction, and start up of the 1 GeV synchrocyclotron were performed by a joined team of Efremov Institute and LPTI The accelerator equipment was mainly manufactured by the Leningrad plant "Electrosila", an extensive upgrade program of the accelerator was carried out by PNPI.

The conceptual design of the main synchrocyclotron systems had been done at Efremov Institute with LPTI participation according to the technical specifications elaborated at LPTI. Coordinators and design group leaders from Efremov Institute were E. G.Komar, I. F.Malyshev, B. V.Rozhdestvensky, I. M.Roife, E. V.Seredenko, A. T.Chestnokov, N. A.Monoszon, I. V.Gusev, and V. I.Peregud. The main participants of the synchrocyclotron design from LPTI were D. G.Alhazov, D. M.Kaminker, N. K.Abrossimov, N. N.Chernov, A. V.Kulikov, G. A.Riabov, V. A.Eliseev, S. P.Dmitriev, G. F.Mikheev. Later, Yu. T.Mironov and V. I.Shalmanov joined this team. As the result the magnet and the vacuum chamber had been elaborated, the concep­tual design and the technical project of the high frequency system have been developed, the ion source and the extraction system had been worked out. A set of non-standard equipment and auxiliary systems (such as the vacuum pumping system of unique productivity, the power supply system for the main magnet and for the magnets of the beam transport lines, the water cooling system, ventilation, dipoles and quadrupoles for the beam transport system) had been also designed.

The civil engineering of the synchrocyclotron building with technology systems was performed at LPI. The design of electric equipment was done at Efremov Institute and at SPI "Tyazhprom-elektroproekt" . The construction of the synchrocyclotron was started in 1959. In 1964 the installation of the main magnet and its power supply system was completed. Then the comprehensive tests and setting-up works were started.

The first start-up of the accelerator took place in November 1967. The proton beam was accelerated up to the energy of 750 MeV. The project energy of 1 GeV was not achieved because of some problems with the high frequency accelerating system [2].

During 1968-69 the first stage of the synchrocyclotron upgrading was carried out by the PNPI accelerator staff. As a result, the project energy of 1 GeV was obtained and a new high efficiency extraction system was designed and implemented.

From April 1970 the synchrocyclotron has been put into routine operation with running time of about 5000 hours per year [4].

8. Status of experimental program at SC.

Even now, after 30 years of successful operation, the Gatchina synchrocyclotron remains a valuable facility especially for various studies in nuclear physics. The proton energy of 1 GeV proved to be ideal for the investigation of nuclear structure with elastic and quasielastic proton scattering off nuclei. Recently, the quasielastic proton-nucleon scattering was used also to show that the nucleon-nucleon interaction is modified by the presence of the nuclear matter. In these experiments, which will be continued in the coming years, an active role plays a group of physicists from Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka (Japan).

A mayor part of the beam is provided now for the IRIS facility for production and studies of the nuclei far from the nuclear stability region. The development of the laser ion source and the high temperature target allowed IRIS to be competitive with the similar facilities like ISOLDE at CERN. A group from Marburg University (Germany) participates in some of the IRIS experiments.

An extensive experimental program is continued in the - beams. In particular, it concerns the near threshold - meson production and the p charge exchange reaction. Scientists from the University of California at Los Angeles and from Abilene Christian University (USA) participate in these experiments.

The neutron time-of-flight facility GNEIS is regularly used for the study of nuclear fission by resonance energy neutrons.

The SR experiments on the muon channel continue to play an important role in the experimental program at SC.

As in the previous years, the medical proton beam is effectively used for stereotaxic proton therapy.

Considerable amount of the beam time is provided for radiation tests of various materials and equipment as well as for measuring the nuclear spallation cross sections for application purposes. Most of such studies are conducted on the contract basis. In particular, some radiation tests are in cooperation with INFN, Legrano (Italy).

Many experimental methods have been developed at PNPI and tested in the SC beams, before they were used in collaborative experiments at other accelerators (CERN, SACLAY, FNAL, PSI, GSI, DESY, BNL). This tradition is continued. As a recent example, development and tests of the high-temperature target for the on-line mass separator at the Argonne National Laboratory (USA).

In conclusion, in spite of reduction of the beam time down to 2000 hours/year, because of the financial limitations, the Gatchina SC remains an active and reliable accelerator allowing to carry out important physical and application programs.