Економіка
Kateryna Mukusiienko
Economics Supervisor - PhD, As. Prof. Nadiya Kobzar
English Supervisor - Yuliya Shtaltovna
THE PROBLEMS OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LABOR MARKETS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC CRISIS
ПРОБЛЕМІ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОГО ТА МІЖНАРОДНОГО РИНКІВ РОБОЧОЇ СИЛИ В УМОВАХ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ КРИЗИ
The article is devoted to the problems of unemployment which is connected with the breach of labor market equilibrium under the conditions of economic crisis. Here the state, dynamics and tendencies of employment and unemployment in Ukraine and other countries are analyzed. The attempt to define the peculiarities of Ukrainian labor market is made.
Key words: demographical situation, economically active population, labour-market, employment, unemployment, level of unemployment.
The problem of unemployment is one of the main global problems of the present times. For some countries it is a constant nightmare, for others – a leverage to increase the productivity of labor, for some, including Ukraine, - a relatively new problem, for which a solving mechanism is not developed yet, that’s why its economic, social and moral consequences are often difficult and unpredictable.
According to the definition, the unemployment – is a state of the economy when a part of economically active population appears to be out of the social production. The unemployment is connected with the functioning of the labor force market, which straightly depends on the demographic situation. So, in 1993 the population of Ukraine has reached the highest mark ever - 52.2 million and then went on to decline and totaled about 45.94 million on February 1, 2010.
Under these conditions it should be mentioned that almost till the crisis has started higher growth rate of economic activity, job growth and fall in unemployment were noticed in Ukraine. According to the information given by the Ukrainian State Statistics Committee the employed population size reached its maximum of 59.1% in 2007 during last 8 years, and was higher than in some European Union countries.
The unemployment rate, according to the civil service of employment, was 2.3% and at the beginning of 2thousand of jobless were recorded in the State Job Center.
After the crisis the whole world eagerly waits for the end of the economic collapse.
The United States was the first country affected by the economic crisis, where it began in 2007. The first crisis year reduced the number of jobs to the level of the Second World War. According to the official information the number of unemployed in China for this period reached 23 million. Recently the unemployment rate in Spain grew twice faster than in other European countries.
In accordance with the estimations of well-known economists, only 14 of more than 160 countries kept afloat in the crisis. In compliance with the statistics, in 2008 unemployment in Ukraine grew from 1.9% to 3%. On March 1, 2million people received the status of being jobless. Then the number of unemployed had a tendency to decline. In the summer of 2009 the unemployment rate has amounted to 2.2%. Based on international data, the unemployment rate in Ukraine was registered at 8.8%.
In February 2010, 526.7 thousand Ukrainians were unemployed. This number corresponds to jobless rate that equals to 1.9%. Surprisingly, in winter 2010, lower level of unemployment was fixed by specialists. However, it was caused not by economic factors, but political, in particular, the presidential campaign.
The year 2010 was expected to bring the positive changes into the economy of different countries, and it did. The level of registered unemployment in Ukraine was recorded at 1,5% - in September, 1,4% - in October and 1,6% - in November. Economy started its recovery process, but none of the measures were undertaken by government to help the end of December it went up to 2%. According to the international calculation it equals to 8,5%.
In February 2011, 610,3 thousand unemployed are on the books at the Job Centers and the load on 10 free workplaces is 89 people.
There is also a piece of threatening information given by M. Yakybchuk, the chairman of National Forum of Labor Unions. He declared that the real number of unemployed people in 2011 would approximately increase by 28% and would account for 2 million 160 thousand people.
Modern crisis has also shown that under the conditions of an increasing migration, countries should combine their efforts inside the country and at the international arena to combat the unemployment. Moreover, each authority has to remember that every unemployed worker is a person, an individual that needs the means of subsistence.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. An official website of Ukrainian State Employment Office. Available from: http://www. dcz. /control/uk/index.
2. An official website of State Statistics Committee of Ukraine
http://ukrstat. /
