Ecologically-economic expense resulting the waste housing

ECOLOGICALLY-ECONOMIC EXPENSE RESULTING THE WASTE HOUSING

Valentuna Gorova

Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine

Under the circumstances of Ukraine’s integration into the world market one can observe the increase of the interest of the economic activity subjects towards the creation of the well-organized control system over the keeping of the ecological demands, as the failure of laws and rules may become a ground for reasonable expenses.

Under the economic damage which is the result of the natural breaking one should understand actual and possible expenses, realized in a price form which were done concerning the economic subjects as the result of the eco-destructive influence. Here one should include as well additional expenses upon the loss compensation.

Ecologically economic expense is the expenses of the economic subjects depending on the breaking of the natural system (expenses and additional expenses upon their prevention).

The rate of the economic expenses goes back to the definition of three main constituted: lost, underdone and compensatory. They use two more definitions in economic account: the possible and the prevented expenses. The possible or expected expense is the conventionally theoretical sign of the loss that is expected in future. The prevented expense is summarized by means of the eliminated expense quantity which really had place due to the realization of the cleaning measures. The figures of the ecologically economic results give an opportunity to estimate the profit of different measures, connected with the improvement of the atmosphere quality, energy and material saving, transport stream optimization.

In a real life 60% - 90% of the economic expenses resulting the natural breaking is realized beyond the walls of the polluting factories. A great part of the nature breaking expenses is composed by externals – these are the expenses created by the activity of one economic subject, but accepted by other subjects (adjacent factories, local inhabitants, local and central government).

There were done attempts to solve the problem of planning and calculation of expenses and housing the factories waste by the Ukrainian scientists in the middle of 80-s – at the beginning of 90-s. Such scientists as Demina T. A., Balats`kyj O. F., Melnyk L. G. studied this problem.

As the general rule of payment (taxing), so the norms of payment (taxing) are registered by the decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 1.03.1999 № 000, the details are mentioned in the instruction of the Ministry of the Ecologic Security and the Financial Ministry of 19.07.1999 № 000/379 (the norms of taxing correlated by the decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 000 of 28.03.2003). According to the decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 21.07.2005 № 000 the norms of payment for the pollution of the surrounding nature were increased 2.373 times in 2006 in comparison with the norms of 2004.

The total payment for the pollution of the surrounding nature must be personally paid by the payer every quarter of the year, taking into consideration the following things: actual quantity of exhaust, norms of payment and taxing, correcting coefficient.

In 2003 in Ukraine the rate of the ecological payment for outlet, emission, housing of the waste within the fixed limits was 234 mln. grn.; the rate of the payment for outlet, emission, housing of the waste above the fixed limits was 26 mln. grn.

Let’s observe the expenses on housing of the waste and the limits of the harmful substances outlet into the atmosphere by BAT “Sumychimprom”. It was planned to spend 200,000 grn. upon housing of the waste in 2003.

Table 1 – The Calculation of the Payment for the Outlet of the Harmful Substances into the Atmosphere in 2001 by the Stationary Sources of BAT “Sumychimprom”

Name of the Polluting Element	Outlet Limits, tn	Actual Size of Outlet, tn	Norms of Payment for Outlet, grn|tn	Correcting Coefficient Sum of Payment	Calculated within the Limit, grn
Dioxide Nitrogen	329,046	204,284	53	1,6875	18270,65
Amianth	399,893	93,381	10	1,6875	1575,8
Sulfurous Anhydride	2959,25	1526,718	53	1,6875	84
Carbon Oxide	514,878	21,45	2	1,6875	72,39
Carbonic Elements	52,353	10394	3	1,6875	52,62
Gas Fluorine Epolupes	34,771	5,642	132	1,6875	1256,75
Solid Materials	708,543	689,128	2	1,6875	2325,81
Ozone	0,026	0,001	53	1,6875	0,09
Carbon Sulfide	1,400	1,400	171	1,6875	403,98
Formaldehyde	0,090	0,005	132	1,6875	1,14
Sulfuric Acid	244,939	184,137	87	1,6875	27033,61
The Sum	X	X	X	X	68

As you can see from the table 1, the planned limits of outlet for 2001 were much lower than it turned out in reality. Moreover, the actual outlet of the harmful elements into the atmosphere by the stationary sources was much lower than the one that was predicted. As the result the general predicted sum of payment for the pollution of the atmosphere by the stationary sources in 2001 was 1.85 times ( 158314.89 grn) higher than the real figure of this payment.

Ecologically economic expense must compensate not only the negative results of the influence upon the environment, but also guarantee the further development and regeneration of its state, i. e. guarantee that in future the environment will get the previous state without negative after-effects, and it wont bring any harm to the inhabitants. The compensation is only a temporary repaying of the environmental breaking that doesn’t necessarily lead to the previous state. So the absolute liquidation of the dangerous factors of influence upon the environment is badly needed, but it depends on its development without obstructions that requires money.