Естественно-научный ФАКУЛЬТЕТ
Направление подготовки 050100 Педагогическое образование
Профиль - география
Квалификация выпускника - бакалавр
Контрольная работа по иностранному языку (английскому)
для заочного отделения
Методические рекомендации по выполнению контрольных заданий и оформлению контрольных работ:
1. Все задания контрольной работы выполняются поочередно, в той последовательности, в которой они представлены в работе.
2. Письменные контрольные задания оформляются в отдельной тетради. На обложке тетради проставляется фамилия студента, номер контрольной работы.
3. Контрольная работа должна быть выполнена чернилами, аккуратно, четким почерком. В тетради для замечаний, объяснений и методических указаний преподавателя необходимо оставить широкие поля.
4. В конце работы должна быть поставлена подпись студента и дата выполнения задания.
5. Материал контрольных заданий следует располагать по следующему образцу:
левая страница | правая страница |
Поля Английский текст | Русский текст Поля |
6. Для проверки и рецензирования выполненную контрольную работу необходимо направить в университет в установленные сроки.
7. Если контрольная работа выполнена без соблюдения указаний и не полностью, она возвращается студенту без проверки.
Thebiosphere
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно с английского языка на русский язык.
The biosphere is the layer of the Earth in which all life exists. The term biosphere was coined in 1875 by the geologist, Eduard Suess, but it was Vladimir Vernadsky who recognized its ecological importance in 1929. He believed that all living organisms together with their environments make up the biosphere. These environments include the air (the atmosphere), land (the geosphere), rocks (the lithosphere) and water (the hydrosphere). The exact thickness of the biosphere on Earth is difficult to calculate, but most scientists would agree that it is from about 5000 metres above sea level to around 9000 metres below sea level. Thus, there is a 14-kilometre zone within which life exists.
The biosphere is important because it is all of life. Without the biosphere, Earth would be a lifeless planet like all the others in our solar system. Also, the biosphere could not exist without water. Water is essential for all living organisms on Earth and has played a very important role in the evolution of life on our planet. Life on Earth began approximately 3.5 billion years ago in the oceans. At that time, Earth was very different from what it is today.
The earliest forms of life were very simple organisms similar to modern bacteria. Over million of years, more complex organisms evolved and in time, many different forms of life began to inhabit the land, the sky, and the oceans. They all depended on each other to survive. The biosphere is like a ladder. This ladder is known as the food chain, and all life depends on the first step of the ladder which is made up of plants. Animals eat the plants; bigger animals eat the smaller animals, and so on. In this way, all organisms are closely connected to their environment.
The biosphere is what keeps us alive. It gives us our food, water and the air we breathe. Everything we need in order to grow and survive comes directly from the biosphere, so it is important to protect it; however, humans have not always done that. Humans have had a huge impact on the biosphere. Sometimes this has been good, but at other times it has been very destructive. The growing human population on Earth means there is less room for other species and by destroying their habitats we have made many types of plants and animals extinct.
As scientists learn more about our world, they can help us to understand the biosphere, how it evolved, and even try to predict how the biosphere will respond to global change and human activities. Scientists are very concerned about the future, particularly how people will affect the environment in harmful ways. It is very important to try to prevent any permanent damage, or we will destroy ourselves.
2. Ответьте на вопросы.
1) What is the biosphere?
2) Why is it so important?
3) What layers does it consist of?
4) What is a food change?
5) What effect do we have on our planet?
3. Заполните таблицу формами единственного и множественного числа имен существительных.
множественное число | |
layer | |
organisms | |
life | |
water | |
scientists | |
way | |
country | |
activities | |
changes | |
process | |
people | |
property | |
way | |
chains | |
bacteria |
4. Образуйте 3 формыглагола.
Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle |
recognized | ||
include | ||
been | ||
begun | ||
play | ||
study | ||
believed | ||
meant | ||
disappear | ||
predicted | ||
make | ||
evolved | ||
had | ||
destroy | ||
affected | ||
brought | ||
read | ||
come |
5.Определите временную форму сказуемого в предложениях. Задайте по два вопроса к каждому предложению.
1) Life on Earth began approximately 3.5 billion years ago in the oceans.
2) The biosphere gives us food, water and the air we breathe.
3) As scientists learn more about our world, they can help us to understand the biosphere.
4) The biosphere is a 5 km layer around the Earth.
5) People will affect the environment in harmful ways.
