Интернет-экзамен в сфере профессионального образования

Специальность: 080502.65  – Экономика и управление на предприятии (по отраслям)
Дисциплина: Иностранный язык
Время выполнения теста: 80 минут
Количество заданий: 34

Требования ГОС к обязательному минимуму
содержания основной образовательной программы

Индекс

Дисциплина и ее основные разделы

Всего часов

ГСЭ. Ф

Федеральный компонент

1260

ГСЭ. Ф.01

Иностранный язык :
Специфика артикуляции звуков, интонации, акцентуации и ритма нейтральной речи в изучаемом языке; основные особенности полного стиля произношения, характерные для сферы профессиональной коммуникации; чтение транскрипции. Лексический минимум в объеме 4000 учебных лексических единиц общего и терминологического характера. Понятие дифференциации лексики по сферам применения (бытовая, терминологическая, общенаучная, официальная и другая). Понятие о свободных и устойчивых словосочетаниях, фразеологических единицах. Понятие об основных способах словообразования. Грамматические навыки, обеспечивающие коммуникацию общего характера без искажения смысла при письменном и устном общении: основные грамматические явления, характерные для профессиональной речи. Понятие об обиходно-литературном, официально-деловом, научном стилях, стиле художественной литературы. Основные особенности научного стиля. Культура и традиции стран изучаемого языка, правила речевого этикета. Говорение. Диалогическая и монологическая речь с использованием наиболее употребительных и относительно простых лексико-грамматических средств в основных коммуникативных ситуациях неофициального и официального общения. Основы публичной речи (устное сообщение, доклад). Аудирование. Понимание диалогической и монологической речи в сфере бытовой и профессиональной коммуникации. Чтение. Виды текстов: несложные прагматические тексты и тексты по широкому и узкому профилю специальности. Письмо. Виды речевых произведений: аннотация, реферат, тезисы, сообщения, частное письмо, деловое письмо, биография.

340

Тематическая структура АПИМ

N ДЕ

Наименование
дидактической единицы ГОС

N за-
да-
ния

Тема задания

1

Лексика

1

Учебная лексика

2

Деловая лексика

3

Профессиональная лексика

4

Термины (Дефиниции)

2

Грамматика

5

Словообразование

6

Местоимения

7

Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий

8

Артикли

9

Предлоги

10

Союзы

11

Глагол и его формы

12

Неличные формы глагола

13

Фразовые глаголы

14

Модальные глаголы

3

Речевой этикет

15

Бытовая сфера

16

Профессионально-деловая сфера

17

Учебно-социальная сфера

18

Социально-деловая сфера

4

Культура и традиции стран изучаемого языка

19

Великобритания

20

США

21

Канада

22

Выдающиеся личности англо-говорящих стран

5

Письмо

23

Оформление делового письма

24

Оформление конверта

25

Оформление резюме, письма-заявления, письма-уведомления, письма-запроса

26

Оформление электронного сообщения, факса, служебной записки, повестки дня

6

Чтение

27

Ознакомительное чтение с целью определения истинности утверждения

28

Ознакомительное чтение с целью определения ложности утверждения

29

Поисковое чтение с целью определения наличия в тексте запрашиваемой информации

30

Поисковое чтение с целью определения наличия или отсутствия в тексте запрашиваемой информации

31

Изучающее чтение с элементами анализа информации

32

Изучающее чтение с элементами аннотирования

33

Изучающее чтение с элементами сопоставления

34

Изучающее чтение с выделением главных компонентов содержания текста

Демонстрационный вариант

ЗАДАНИЕ N 1 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
Her current interest was _____ and development, but she has changed fields.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

resistance

2) 

research

3) 

residence

4) 

reputation

ЗАДАНИЕ N 2 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
Did you make your _____ by phone or by fax?

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

reservation

2) 

transition

3) 

institution

4) 

impression

ЗАДАНИЕ N 3 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
Act of raising in rank or position is called _____.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

development

2) 

training

3) 

promotion

4) 

devotion

ЗАДАНИЕ N 4 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
_____ is the process of finding possible candidates for a job or function.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

Training

2) 

Job hunting

3) 

Resume

4) 

Recruiting

ЗАДАНИЕ N 5 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
A shorter, more _____ meeting leaves time for work.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

productivity

2) 

productive

3) 

productiveness

4) 

production

ЗАДАНИЕ N 6 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
It was a good idea of _____ to go swimming this afternoon.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

your

2) 

you

3) 

yourself

4) 

yours

ЗАДАНИЕ N 7 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
The grass there was much _____ than on the upper field.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

longer

2) 

long

3) 

the longest

4) 

more long

ЗАДАНИЕ N 8 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
The oldest living tree in the world grows in _____ California.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

2) 

the

3) 

an

4) 

a

ЗАДАНИЕ N 9 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
The Pyramids were built _____ people who lived a long time ago.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

by

2) 

of

3) 

with

4) 

after

ЗАДАНИЕ N 10 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
Begin with a minute _____ two of small talk.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

or

2) 

but

3) 

and

4) 

if

ЗАДАНИЕ N 11 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
Do you want a sandwich? - No, thanks. I _____ just _____ lunch.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

was _____ having

2) 

had _____ had

3) 

have _____ had

4) 

am _____ having

ЗАДАНИЕ N 12 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
_____ of her arrival, I went to see her.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

Being told

2) 

Told

3) 

Telling

4) 

To tell

ЗАДАНИЕ N 13 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
Paul _____ visiting his parents.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

insisted of

2) 

insisted to

3) 

insisted –

4) 

insisted on

ЗАДАНИЕ N 14 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
Your face seems familiar to me. We _____ have met somewhere.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

need

2) 

must

3) 

should

4) 

ought

ЗАДАНИЕ N 15 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения

Guest: “___________________”

Hostess: “Oh, I’m glad you enjoyed it.”

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

Enjoy your meal.

2) 

The meal wasn’t as bad as I expected.

3) 

The meal was rather good.

4) 

The meal was absolutely delicious.

ЗАДАНИЕ N 16 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения

Shop assistant: “Can I help you?”

Customer: “____________________”

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

Fine.

2) 

No, it’s all right, thanks, I’m just looking.

3) 

Oh, good. I’m so glad to have met you.

4) 

No, that's not necessary.

ЗАДАНИЕ N 17 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения

Student: “Have you had time to mark my composition?”

Teacher: “__________________________”

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

Oh, dear, you look awful, what’s the matter with you?

2) 

Yes, and I do hope you don’t mind my saying this but you’ve made one or two tiny mistakes.

3) 

Yes, it was quite good, and I’ve underlined the mistakes you’ve made.

4) 

Yes, I have.

ЗАДАНИЕ N 18 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения

Boss: “Do you see what I mean?”

Employee: “____________________________”

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

I don’t think so.

2) 

Yes, do, please.

3) 

Yes, and I don’t agree with you.

4) 

Yes, but I’m not sure I quite agree.

ЗАДАНИЕ N 19 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of _____.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

five parts

2) 

three parts

3) 

four parts

4) 

two parts

ЗАДАНИЕ N 20 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
The USA consists of 50 _____.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

states

2) 

counties

3) 

republics

4) 

districts

ЗАДАНИЕ N 21 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
French is an official language in _____.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

Canada

2) 

New Zealand

3) 

India

4) 

Sweden

ЗАДАНИЕ N 22 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Заполните пропуск
Bill Gates is a founder of _____.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

the Metropoliten Museum

2) 

the largest automobile corporation

3) 

the Microsoft Corporation

4) 

the first entertainment theme park

ЗАДАНИЕ N 23 ( - выберите варианты согласно указанной последовательности)

Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке
FOOD MACHINES

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

Dear Mr Sawyer,

2) 

I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Simon Tramp
Sales Manager

3) 

Thank you for your letter. I am afraid that we have a problem with your order.
Unfortunately, the manufacturers of the part you wish to order have advised
us that they cannot supply it until November. Would you prefer us to supply a
substitute, or would you rather wait until the original parts are again
available?

4) 

James Sawyer, Sales Manager, Electro Ltd, Perry Road Estate,
Oxbridge UN54 42KF.

5) 

6 Pine Estate, Bedford Road, Bristol, UB28 12BP
Telephone 9 Fax 9
6 August 2005

ЗАДАНИЕ N 24 ( - выберите варианты согласно тексту задания)

Перед Вами конверт



Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

A) 

the street name in the mailing address

B) 

the ZIP Code in the mailing address

C) 

the addressee

D) 

the town the letter comes from

E) 

the addressee’s company name

F) 

the ZIP Code in the return address

ЗАДАНИЕ N 25 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, к какому виду делового документа относится представленный ниже отрывок

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

Letter of enquiry / request

2) 

CV

3) 

Memo

4) 

Contract

ЗАДАНИЕ N 26 ( - выберите варианты согласно тексту задания)

Выберите слова или сочетания слов для заполнения пропусков так, чтобы они отражали особенности оформления служебной записки

 To  : Secretarial Supervisor
 (1) _____ : Claire McElroy
 (2) _____ : Demonstration of new office equipment

 The (3) _____ of Smart Equipment will visit us on 28 April to demonstrate their new computer and fax-machine which you are sure to be interested in.
 Please arrange the time to meet him so that all your staff could be present.
 (4) _____

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

A) 

From

B) 

C. M.

C) 

Subject

D) 

Sales Manager

ЗАДАНИЕ N 27 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
TRAINING AND PROMOTION

1.
In all industrialised countries managers are typically recruited from university or postsecondary technical-school graduates. It is becoming rare for blue-collar workers without a college or technical school degree to rise beyond the level of first-line supervision into the ranks of higher management. As few graduates fresh out of a university or technical school have the experience necessary to assume broad-based or high-level managerial responsibilities, most organizations invest heavily in systematic management training and development efforts.

2. An initial part of the training involves socialization into the practices, values, and culture of the organization. Another source of training and development lies in the career paths and job rotation policies of the firm. A large multinational firm devised a 10-year management development plan for all its junior managers, assuming that within those 10 years the manager would change jobs at least five times. Each job change was expected to expose the junior manager to a different functional area, such as marketing, finance, technology or product development, and manufacturing and increase the number of people the manager supervised or the level of responsibility. This firm, like an increasing number of others, attempted to include international experience in the career path, especially for those young managers targeted early in their careers as having the potential to rise to the level of senior management.

3. Researchers have shown that managerial career patterns can be predicted quite accurately by the results of these early promotional outcomes. Some have used the analogy of a tournament to describe the process, in which “losing” at any step along the way significantly reduces one’s chance of “winning” – that is, getting to the top of an organization or profession. Thus, a failure to get a promotion one expects often is a signal for the manager to look for opportunities in another organization.
The work careers of managers and workers’, Encyclopaedia Britannica Deluxe Edition, 2004 CD-ROM

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Higher education is an obligatory condition for promotion.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

истинным

2) 

в тексте нет информации

3) 

ложным

ЗАДАНИЕ N 28 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
TRAINING AND PROMOTION

1.
In all industrialised countries managers are typically recruited from university or postsecondary technical-school graduates. It is becoming rare for blue-collar workers without a college or technical school degree to rise beyond the level of first-line supervision into the ranks of higher management. As few graduates fresh out of a university or technical school have the experience necessary to assume broad-based or high-level managerial responsibilities, most organizations invest heavily in systematic management training and development efforts.

2. An initial part of the training involves socialization into the practices, values, and culture of the organization. Another source of training and development lies in the career paths and job rotation policies of the firm. A large multinational firm devised a 10-year management development plan for all its junior managers, assuming that within those 10 years the manager would change jobs at least five times. Each job change was expected to expose the junior manager to a different functional area, such as marketing, finance, technology or product development, and manufacturing and increase the number of people the manager supervised or the level of responsibility. This firm, like an increasing number of others, attempted to include international experience in the career path, especially for those young managers targeted early in their careers as having the potential to rise to the level of senior management.

3. Researchers have shown that managerial career patterns can be predicted quite accurately by the results of these early promotional outcomes. Some have used the analogy of a tournament to describe the process, in which “losing” at any step along the way significantly reduces one’s chance of “winning” – that is, getting to the top of an organization or profession. Thus, a failure to get a promotion one expects often is a signal for the manager to look for opportunities in another organization.
The work careers of managers and workers’, Encyclopaedia Britannica Deluxe Edition, 2004 CD-ROM

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Most firms set up special courses for professional training of their staff.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

в тексте нет информации

2) 

ложным

3) 

истинным

ЗАДАНИЕ N 29 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
TRAINING AND PROMOTION

1.
In all industrialised countries managers are typically recruited from university or postsecondary technical-school graduates. It is becoming rare for blue-collar workers without a college or technical school degree to rise beyond the level of first-line supervision into the ranks of higher management. As few graduates fresh out of a university or technical school have the experience necessary to assume broad-based or high-level managerial responsibilities, most organizations invest heavily in systematic management training and development efforts.

2. An initial part of the training involves socialization into the practices, values, and culture of the organization. Another source of training and development lies in the career paths and job rotation policies of the firm. A large multinational firm devised a 10-year management development plan for all its junior managers, assuming that within those 10 years the manager would change jobs at least five times. Each job change was expected to expose the junior manager to a different functional area, such as marketing, finance, technology or product development, and manufacturing and increase the number of people the manager supervised or the level of responsibility. This firm, like an increasing number of others, attempted to include international experience in the career path, especially for those young managers targeted early in their careers as having the potential to rise to the level of senior management.

3. Researchers have shown that managerial career patterns can be predicted quite accurately by the results of these early promotional outcomes. Some have used the analogy of a tournament to describe the process, in which “losing” at any step along the way significantly reduces one’s chance of “winning” – that is, getting to the top of an organization or profession. Thus, a failure to get a promotion one expects often is a signal for the manager to look for opportunities in another organization.
The work careers of managers and workers’, Encyclopaedia Britannica Deluxe Edition, 2004 CD-ROM

Определите, является ли утверждение:

There are firms which consider it necessary for their young managers to acquire international experience.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

истинным

2) 

ложным

3) 

в тексте нет информации

ЗАДАНИЕ N 30 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
TRAINING AND PROMOTION

1.
In all industrialised countries managers are typically recruited from university or postsecondary technical-school graduates. It is becoming rare for blue-collar workers without a college or technical school degree to rise beyond the level of first-line supervision into the ranks of higher management. As few graduates fresh out of a university or technical school have the experience necessary to assume broad-based or high-level managerial responsibilities, most organizations invest heavily in systematic management training and development efforts.

2. An initial part of the training involves socialization into the practices, values, and culture of the organization. Another source of training and development lies in the career paths and job rotation policies of the firm. A large multinational firm devised a 10-year management development plan for all its junior managers, assuming that within those 10 years the manager would change jobs at least five times. Each job change was expected to expose the junior manager to a different functional area, such as marketing, finance, technology or product development, and manufacturing and increase the number of people the manager supervised or the level of responsibility. This firm, like an increasing number of others, attempted to include international experience in the career path, especially for those young managers targeted early in their careers as having the potential to rise to the level of senior management.

3. Researchers have shown that managerial career patterns can be predicted quite accurately by the results of these early promotional outcomes. Some have used the analogy of a tournament to describe the process, in which “losing” at any step along the way significantly reduces one’s chance of “winning” – that is, getting to the top of an organization or profession. Thus, a failure to get a promotion one expects often is a signal for the manager to look for opportunities in another organization.
The work careers of managers and workers’, Encyclopaedia Britannica Deluxe Edition, 2004 CD-ROM

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Only international experience in management can help office workers to get a promotion.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

истинным

2) 

в тексте нет информации

3) 

ложным

ЗАДАНИЕ N 31 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
TRAINING AND PROMOTION

1.
In all industrialised countries managers are typically recruited from university or postsecondary technical-school graduates. It is becoming rare for blue-collar workers without a college or technical school degree to rise beyond the level of first-line supervision into the ranks of higher management. As few graduates fresh out of a university or technical school have the experience necessary to assume broad-based or high-level managerial responsibilities, most organizations invest heavily in systematic management training and development efforts.

2. An initial part of the training involves socialization into the practices, values, and culture of the organization. Another source of training and development lies in the career paths and job rotation policies of the firm. A large multinational firm devised a 10-year management development plan for all its junior managers, assuming that within those 10 years the manager would change jobs at least five times. Each job change was expected to expose the junior manager to a different functional area, such as marketing, finance, technology or product development, and manufacturing and increase the number of people the manager supervised or the level of responsibility. This firm, like an increasing number of others, attempted to include international experience in the career path, especially for those young managers targeted early in their careers as having the potential to rise to the level of senior management.

3. Researchers have shown that managerial career patterns can be predicted quite accurately by the results of these early promotional outcomes. Some have used the analogy of a tournament to describe the process, in which “losing” at any step along the way significantly reduces one’s chance of “winning” – that is, getting to the top of an organization or profession. Thus, a failure to get a promotion one expects often is a signal for the manager to look for opportunities in another organization.
The work careers of managers and workers’, Encyclopaedia Britannica Deluxe Edition, 2004 CD-ROM

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

New functional duties and responsibilities laid upon managers help firms to discover their potentials.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

2

2) 

1

3) 

3

ЗАДАНИЕ N 32 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
TRAINING AND PROMOTION

1.
In all industrialised countries managers are typically recruited from university or postsecondary technical-school graduates. It is becoming rare for blue-collar workers without a college or technical school degree to rise beyond the level of first-line supervision into the ranks of higher management. As few graduates fresh out of a university or technical school have the experience necessary to assume broad-based or high-level managerial responsibilities, most organizations invest heavily in systematic management training and development efforts.

2. An initial part of the training involves socialization into the practices, values, and culture of the organization. Another source of training and development lies in the career paths and job rotation policies of the firm. A large multinational firm devised a 10-year management development plan for all its junior managers, assuming that within those 10 years the manager would change jobs at least five times. Each job change was expected to expose the junior manager to a different functional area, such as marketing, finance, technology or product development, and manufacturing and increase the number of people the manager supervised or the level of responsibility. This firm, like an increasing number of others, attempted to include international experience in the career path, especially for those young managers targeted early in their careers as having the potential to rise to the level of senior management.

3. Researchers have shown that managerial career patterns can be predicted quite accurately by the results of these early promotional outcomes. Some have used the analogy of a tournament to describe the process, in which “losing” at any step along the way significantly reduces one’s chance of “winning” – that is, getting to the top of an organization or profession. Thus, a failure to get a promotion one expects often is a signal for the manager to look for opportunities in another organization.
The work careers of managers and workers’, Encyclopaedia Britannica Deluxe Edition, 2004 CD-ROM

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Any young manager is supposed to learn all he can about the company he is working for.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

1

2) 

2

3) 

3

ЗАДАНИЕ N 33 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
TRAINING AND PROMOTION

1.
In all industrialised countries managers are typically recruited from university or postsecondary technical-school graduates. It is becoming rare for blue-collar workers without a college or technical school degree to rise beyond the level of first-line supervision into the ranks of higher management. As few graduates fresh out of a university or technical school have the experience necessary to assume broad-based or high-level managerial responsibilities, most organizations invest heavily in systematic management training and development efforts.

2. An initial part of the training involves socialization into the practices, values, and culture of the organization. Another source of training and development lies in the career paths and job rotation policies of the firm. A large multinational firm devised a 10-year management development plan for all its junior managers, assuming that within those 10 years the manager would change jobs at least five times. Each job change was expected to expose the junior manager to a different functional area, such as marketing, finance, technology or product development, and manufacturing and increase the number of people the manager supervised or the level of responsibility. This firm, like an increasing number of others, attempted to include international experience in the career path, especially for those young managers targeted early in their careers as having the potential to rise to the level of senior management.

3. Researchers have shown that managerial career patterns can be predicted quite accurately by the results of these early promotional outcomes. Some have used the analogy of a tournament to describe the process, in which “losing” at any step along the way significantly reduces one’s chance of “winning” – that is, getting to the top of an organization or profession. Thus, a failure to get a promotion one expects often is a signal for the manager to look for opportunities in another organization.
The work careers of managers and workers’, Encyclopaedia Britannica Deluxe Edition, 2004 CD-ROM

Ответьте на вопрос:

What are the main sources of professional training and development for young managers?

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

Socialization into the practices of the organization and job rotation.

2) 

Post-graduate course.

3) 

University education.

4) 

Working for various international companies.

ЗАДАНИЕ N 34 ( - выберите один вариант ответа)

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
TRAINING AND PROMOTION

1.
In all industrialised countries managers are typically recruited from university or postsecondary technical-school graduates. It is becoming rare for blue-collar workers without a college or technical school degree to rise beyond the level of first-line supervision into the ranks of higher management. As few graduates fresh out of a university or technical school have the experience necessary to assume broad-based or high-level managerial responsibilities, most organizations invest heavily in systematic management training and development efforts.

2. An initial part of the training involves socialization into the practices, values, and culture of the organization. Another source of training and development lies in the career paths and job rotation policies of the firm. A large multinational firm devised a 10-year management development plan for all its junior managers, assuming that within those 10 years the manager would change jobs at least five times. Each job change was expected to expose the junior manager to a different functional area, such as marketing, finance, technology or product development, and manufacturing and increase the number of people the manager supervised or the level of responsibility. This firm, like an increasing number of others, attempted to include international experience in the career path, especially for those young managers targeted early in their careers as having the potential to rise to the level of senior management.

3. Researchers have shown that managerial career patterns can be predicted quite accurately by the results of these early promotional outcomes. Some have used the analogy of a tournament to describe the process, in which “losing” at any step along the way significantly reduces one’s chance of “winning” – that is, getting to the top of an organization or profession. Thus, a failure to get a promotion one expects often is a signal for the manager to look for opportunities in another organization.
The work careers of managers and workers’, Encyclopaedia Britannica Deluxe Edition, 2004 CD-ROM

Определите основную идею текста

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

1) 

Variety of managerial duties and responsibilities.

2) 

Professional growth of managers and upgrading.

3) 

University education as a precondition for professional career.

4) 

Predictions of managerial career patterns.