Тема: Розвиток міжнародного права. Вживання інфінітива в англійській мові

Лекція 4

Тема: Розвиток міжнародного права. Вживання інфінітива в англійській мові.

Мета: активізувати та систематизувати вживання лексичних одиниць з теми Міжнародне право, активізувати навички читання, вміння здобувати інформацію з текстів, розвивати навички монологічного мовлення та творчих здібностей студентів, вміння логічно і обґрунтовано висловлювати свою думку; систематизувати та закріпити граматичний матеріал.

Development of International Law

The development of International Law is one of the primary goals of the United Nations. The Charter of the United Nations, in its Preamble, sets the objective “to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained”.

International Law defines the legal responsibilities of States in their conduct with each other, and their treatment of individuals within State boundaries. Its domain encompasses a wide range of issues of international concern such as human rights, disarmament, international crime, refugees, migration, problems of nationality, the treatment of prisoners, the use of force, and the conduct of war, among others. It also regulates the global commons, such as the environment, sustainable development, international waters, outer space, global communications and world trade.

More than 500 multilateral treaties have been deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Many other treaties are deposited with governments or other entities.

The General Assembly is the main deliberative body of the United Nations. Many multilateral treaties are adopted by it and subsequently opened for signature and ratification by member States of the United Nations.

The General Assembly has adopted a number of multilateral treaties throughout its history, including for example International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (1999), Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006).

The Legal (Sixth) Committee is the primary forum for the consideration of legal questions in the General Assembly. Many international instruments, including a number of international treaties have been adopted by the General Assembly on the basis of the recommendation of the Committee.

The International Law Commission was established by the General Assembly in 1948 with a mandate to undertake the progressive development and codification of international law under article 13 (1) (a) of the Charter of the United Nations.

As an expert legal body, its task is to prepare draft conventions on subjects, which have not yet been regulated by international law and to codify rules of international law in fields, where there already has been extensive State practice. The Commission’s work in criminal law led to the adoption of the Statute of the International Criminal Court. It also drafted the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), among others.

Treaties and other international legal instruments are also developed by the specialized agencies of the United Nations, such as the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), by the subsidiary organs of the United Nations, such as the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and by multilateral negotiating bodies, such as theConference on Disarmament.

To become party to a treaty, a State must express, through a concrete act, its willingness to undertake the legal rights and obligations contained in the treaty – it must “consent to be bound” by the treaty. This is usually accomplished through signature and ratification of the treaty, or if it’s already in force, by accession to it.

Each year, the UN holds a Treaty Event, highlighting a group of treaties, as a way to encourage Member States to sign, ratify or otherwise support these treaties.

Answer the following questions:

1.  What objective is set in the Charter of the United Nations?

2.  Enumerate the issues of of international concern.

3.  What is the main body of the United Nations?

4.  Give examples of multilateral treaties.

5.  What is the Legal (Sixth) Committee?

6.  What do you know about the International Law Commission?

7.  Enumerate specialized agencies of the United Nations. What is their task?

8.  How can a state become party to a treaty?

Make up word combinations using words from right and left columns:

primary	conditions
to establish	international law
sources of	prisoners
issues of	trade
the treatment of	International Trade Law
world	goal
to codify	Diplomatic Relations
Vienna Convention on	the treaty
United Nations Commission on	international concern
ratification of	rules

Complete the following sentences:

1.  The development of International Law is one of the primary goals of ….

2.  International Law defines …

3.  More than 500 multilateral … have been deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

4.  Many international instruments, including a number of international treaties have been adopted by the General Assembly on the basis of the recommendation of ….

5.  The Commission’s work in criminal law led to the adoption of ….

6.  Each year, the UN holds a… , highlighting a group of treaties, as a way to encourage Member States to sign, ratify or otherwise support these treaties.

Grammar revision:

1.  Вставте частку to, де необхідно:

1.  Nobody noticed Michelle … leave the house.

2.  The police tried … find witnesses but no one saw the crime happen.

3.  I didn’t even try … make him change his mind.

4.  I’ve never known him talk with such authority.

5.  These dreams will never … let you go. They’ll haunt you forever.

6.  He hated people … argue like that.

7.  I felt someone … touch my shoulder and a voice behind me said ‘Freeze just there!’

8.  I want you … cut out gambling, do you hear?

9.  I’d like us … be friends.

10.  We don’t need him to know too much, do we?

11.  Do you expect me … believe your endless lies?

12.  I want your progress report … be ready by the end of the week.

13.  The chief would like you … come up with the conclusions he wants, not your own conclusions.

14.  I think his age … be a point in his favour.

15.  It is time … go for a walk.

2.  Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи правильну форму інфінітива:

1.  I am glad (to work) with you. You are a good friend.

2.  I am glad (to work) with you at the moment. You know so much!

3.  I am glad (to work) with you since morning.

4.  It would certainly be much better not (to speak) to him at all.

5.  That woman is still sitting. She seems (to wait) over an hour.

6.  I hoped (to reach) you by phone, but I couldn’t. Why didn’t you pick up the receiver?

7.  Jim doesn’t know Ukrainian well enough (to speak). with you.

8.  I want (to take) you to the concert.

9.  I want (to take) to the concert by my father.

10.  She hoped (to help) her friends.

11.  She hoped (to help) by her friends.

12.  Judging from the books and papers on his desk he must (to work) since they left him in the morning.

13.  It is not hard (to make) decisions when you know what your values are.

14.  Anna tried (to kill) two birds with one stone.

15.  The child did not want (to forbid) to go for a walk.

3.  Перефразуйте складнопідрядне речення використовуючи Complex Object:

Model: I did not expect that she is so smart. – I did not expect her to be so smart.

She saw how her friends were approaching the bank. – she saw her friends approach the bank.

1.  I did not expect that she would forget about my birthday. 2. She saw how the children were playing in the park. 3. Do you know that he went abroad two days ago? 4. I like to watch how she dances. 5. She could hardly I believe that he had been rescued. 6. He expects that everybody will be ready to do this work. 7. I don’t like when the children are late for dinner. 8. Don’t consider that he is a hero. He is an ordinary man. 9. I’ve heard how he was arguing with his father. 10. I suspect that he has taken my money. 11. She likes to watch how the sun sets. 12. I hate when people shout at each other. 13. They suppose that he will cope with this work. 14. I’ve heard how she was crying. 15. We expect that he will solve this problem soon.

4.  Розкрийте дужки вживаючи складний додаток:

Model: I want (he, be) in time – I want him to be in time. He heard (they, laugh) – I heard them laugh.

1. Where is Nick? – I saw (he, talk) to Kate a few minutes ago. 2. Parents always want (their children, be) the best. 3. I wouldn’t like (such valuable presents, give) to me. 4. I noticed (he, write) something and (pass) it to Alice. 5. We suppose (they, apologize) to us. 6. She watched (the stars, sparkle) in the dark sky. 7. I did not expect (he, behave) in such a way. 8. We don't want (our planet, pollute). 9. I heard (he, work) in his study at night. 10. They expected (he, buy) a more expensive car.