Многофункциональные окончания
Упражнение 1. Определите функцию окончания –s у слов в предложениях. Предложения переведите на Русский язык.
A 1. That’s Sam’s child. It’s nice. 2. The boy’s name’s John He’s twelve years old. 3. We have many relatives: cousins, uncles and aunts. 4. The sun’s rays broke through the drawn curtains. 5. A jet plane crosses the continental United States from east to west in about five hours. 6. The US industries are varied greatly. 7. Queen Elizabeth II wakes up at 7 am, has a cup of tea and reads the Times. 8. She sells sea shells on the seashore. 9. Most of London buses are the famous red double-deckers, which have two platforms for passengers. 10. They saw no modern houses and no traces of civilization for many days.
B 1. The USA borders Canada on the north and reaches south to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. 2. There are two cinemas in the town. 3. The GB’s longest rivers are the Clyde and the Thames. 4. The UK’s Parliament is made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 5. For art lovers, the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square has a beautiful collection of paintings. 6. Washington, which belongs to the specially created Federal district of Columbia (DC), is used always as the scene for mass demonstrations and rallies. 7. The United Nations Organization’s members are to take collective measures – to develop friendly relations among nations. 8. Another famous London figure is one of England’s greatest seamen, Admiral Nelson. 9. They wear red uniforms, shining helmets, long black boots and long white gloves. 10. He goes to work by car, which takes him 20 minutes. 11. The Romans houses and roads, castles and theatres can still seen.
Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на слова оканчивающиеся на -er.
A 1. We stood in a group round a speaker, who had just asked the crowd to give him a subject to speak about. 2. The science of making such decisions is a newer development, and the mathematical theory of decision making as still newer. 3. The names of the London’s club owners are preserved today. 4. This makes documenting easier. 5. The leader of the expedition was Captain Cook, one of the greatest explorers of all time. 6. The higher the temperature, the lower the pressure, less time is required. 7. He believed that with luck he might find another land, and he did it nineteen days later. 8. The narrower the mind, the broader the statement. 9. Ten years later, Australia’s first settlers landed in Sydney Harbor.
B. 1. The higher your expectations, the greater will be your disappointment. 2. The dancer gives objectivity to her feelings. 3. The broader the knowledge available the sooner are the difficulties explained. 4. They are our elders. 5. The earnings of the educated are greater than those of the uneducated. 6. The interviewer must often know the interests of the interviewee and develop a conversation along these lines. 7. They were few in number. 8. The use of an analog computer permits one to obtain such records quite rapidly. 9.Further, we consider the image changes.
Упражнение 3. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся слова с окончанием –ing. Предложения переведите на Русский язык.
A 1. You should think before speaking. 2. After finding a new word in the dictionary? I wrote it down and went on reading. 3. He spent much time on the copying of his literature lectures. 4. What do you mean by saying that? 5. The students find the reading of English newspapers rather difficult at first. 6. Instead of going home after classes? Students went on disco. 7. Chalk is used for writing on the blackboard. 8. We sat on the riverside listening to the running of the water.
B 1. The cleaning of the room was done. 2. Running every morning is very good for the health of people. 3. Going home from the theatre, they were discussing the play they had seen. 4. Remembering that time was like going back to his childhood and re-living those happy days. 5. Tom lived there like a paying guest, attracting very little attention of the others. 6. It is interesting to know new methods of power producing. 7. I stopped knocking at the door and, sitting down at the top of the stairs, began waiting for my father to come. 8. The old clock kept ticking on the mantelpiece, as if counting the seconds left before the coming of daylight. 9. These happenings are remarkable.
C 1. Traveling is a pleasant way of improving one’s education. 2. Every trust arranges for the marketing of its products. 3. Asking him for help is useless. 4. Happily we escaped being delayed on our way. 5. The driving wheel of the machine is broken. 6. Driving in a motor-car we passed many cities. 7. We have every chance of passing our examinations well. 8. There are many discoveries being made all over the world.
Упражнение 4. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся слова с окончанием –ed. Предложения переведите на Русский язык.
A 1. When transported, gases are compressed into strong cycling. 2. The metals to be strengthened are subjected to special operations. 3. The pressure increased was measured precisely. 4. They increased the pressure in gas pipelines. 5. When discussed, the design was adopted. 6. Russia transported gas to many countries last year. 7. It was Lomonosov who first determined the existence of atmosphere round Venus. 8. A great many experimental models had been tested before the fist tidal power station was constructed.
B 1. The transported gases are compressed into strong cycling. 2. It is interesting to mention that at least a hundred organic compounds are added every day. 3. Fermi started to work at splitting nucleus and in 1939 he showed that then uranium nucleus was split by slow neutrons, two-three fast neutrons were emitted. 4. In 1949 the Soviet Government announced that the sect=ret of the atom bomb no longer existed and the USA had lost its atomic monopoly. 5. Papers described Nobel’s inventions as “terrible means of destruction” and he was named “a dynamite king” and “a merchant of death”. 6. The purpose of the traffic control system based on electronics is to make easier the work of traffic controllers who direct the movement of trains on the most intensive lines. 7. The question is often asked: “what is an electric current?” No one has ever seen it. 8. Their having operated the gas changed the results of the experiment. 9. Many problems had to be solved: the main one was that of “braking” the released neutrons efficiently so that the chain reaction could be controlled.
