What should i know about respiration

WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT RESPIRATION

Be able to label parts in a mitochondrion and tell where the different reactions happen.

What is a calorie? Amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C

What is a Calorie? 1000 calories/unit found on food labels

How are these related? 1 Calorie = 1000 calories

What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6+6O2à6H2O+6CO2+energy(ATP)

How does this equation compare to the equation for photosynthesis?

It is the reverse of the photosynthesis equation.

Be able to what is needed for each of the following as well as what each produces:

Glycolysis - Glucose+2ATPà4ATP+2NADH+2 pyruvic acid

alcoholic fermentation-pyruvic acid+NADHàalcohol+CO2+NAD+

lactic acid fermentation - pyruvic acid+NADHàlactic acid+NAD+

Krebs cycle - 2 pyruvic acid à 6CO2+ FADH2+2 ATP+ NADH

Electron transport chain - NADH + FADH2 à ATP (Net 32)

Be able to identify the pathways that each of the following is found in:

(glucose, pyruvic acid, Coenzyme A, acetyl-CoA, citric acid, FAD, NAD+, NADH, CO2, FADH2, citric acid, ATP, ATP synthase)

Glycolysis- glucose, pyruvic acid, NAD+, NADH, ATP

Alcohol fermentation – pyruvic acid, NADH, NAD+,C02

Lactic acid fermentation - pyruvic acid, NADH, NAD+

Krebs Cycle - pyruvic acid, Coenzyme A, acetyl-CoA, citric acid, FAD, NAD+, NADH, CO2, FADH2, citric acid, ATP

ETC - ATP, ATP synthase, FAD, NAD+, NADH, FADH2

If given a diagram of a pathway, you should be able to fill in reactants and products and tell where does it go next? See above info, already written out.

Be able to tell which stages require oxygen and which DON’T.

Oxygen – Kreb’s and ETC

No oxygen – glycolysis, alcoholic and lactic acid fermetation

Which molecule forms when glucose is broken in half? Pyruvic acid

What is the other name for Krebs cycle? Citric acid cycle

What happens to CO2, produced during the Krebs cycle? Goes into the atmosphere

What is the final electron acceptor at the end of Electron Transport? oxygen

What happens to the NADH’s produced during glycolysis and Krebs cycle? If oxygen is present, goes to ETC. No oxygen onto fermentation.

What high energy electron carriers are used in respiration? NAD+ and FAD

How are these different from the carrier you learned about for photosynthesis? No phosphate

How many ATP’s and CO2, molecules are produced in each stage?

ATP CO2

Glycolysis - 2 net ---

Lactic acid Ferm. --- ---

Alcoholic Ferm. --- 2

Kreb’s Cycle 2 6

ETC 32 ---

What happens to the carbons in glucose as they pass through cellular respiration?

Become CO2 released into atmosphere

What does anaerobic mean? Without oxygen

What does aerobic mean? With oxygen

What needs to be added to make glycolysis happen? ATP, glucose

What happens to pyruvic acid if there is no oxygen? Fermentation

What are the two kinds of fermentation? Alcoholic and lactic acid

Be able to give the equations for the two kinds of fermentation?

pyruvic acid+NADHàalcohol+CO2+NAD+

Be able to give examples where each of these is used.

Alcohol – beer, wine, bread

Lactic acid – muscles, kimchi, saurerkraut

What molecule is burned to provide quick energy during exercise?

ATP

Why do cells use fermentation? (Hint: It’s NOT to make alcohol or lactic acid)

To produce produce NAD+ for glycolysis to continue and that produces ATP

Explain what happens during Electron Transport Chain?

NADPH and FADH2 are used to produce ATP

Which ion ends up in the intermembrane space during Electron Transport?

H+

How does ATP synthase work to make ATP? It spins like a turbine when H+ ions travel through it and that energy is trapped in a bound that adds a phosphate to ADP making it ATP

What is creatine and what does it do? natural substance found in muscles that regenerates ATP for extended energy for muscle activity which is used as a dietary supplement to increase muscle strength and performance