Technology Aspect and Feasibility Analysis of Sugarcane Slash Management on dry land sugarcane Plantation

Technology Aspect and Feasibility Analysis of Sugarcane Slash Management on dry land sugarcane Plantation

Iqbal1, Tineke Mandang2, E. Namaken Sembiring2, dan M. A. Chozin3

1Staf Pengajar Program Studi Keteknikan Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar, Email : *****@***com

2Staf Pengajar Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem, Institut Pertanian Bogor

3Staf Pengajar Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Institut Pertanian Bogor

ABSTRACT

PG Takalar is one of sugar factory in South Sulawesi which has enormous potential of sugarcane garcane litter is organic waste that could be processed into organic fertilizer in form of compost. The objectives of this study were to determine the potential of sugarcane litter and the machinery requirement for sugarcane litter management in PG Takalar. The study begins by identifying mechanical equipment in plantation to support the system of management litter cane, then test the performance of the mechanical equipment, analyze the requirement of mechanical equipment, costs and economic viability of the sugar cane litter management. The result showed that the average availability potential of sugarcane litter in PG Takalar was 19.96% or 20% from each stem of sugarcane. In total, with 4186 ha area of PG Takalar, the potential of sugarcane litter was 32860 ton/year. Nowadays, in PG Takalar, the management of sugarcane litter is done conventionally by burning the litter in the field. It is also found from the study that to manage the sugarcane litter in 4186 ha area, the number of machinery needed to support the mechanization of sugarcane litter management were 48 units of tractor, 13 units of trash rake, 31 units of trailer, 4 units of applicator, 18 units of chopper, 3 units of truck, 3 units of composting turner, and 3 units of loader.

Key words: potential, mechanization, management, sugarcane litter, sugarcane

INTRODUCTION

Sugar cane plantation have the potential to produce organic fertilizers such as compost from organic waste litter cane. Based on research conducted by Toharisman (1991), litter weight of harvested sugar cane reach 20-25 tons/ha. Litter is made up of the wood on the leaves, shoots, and sugarcane are not transported to the factory. Untapped potential by sugar cane plantations in an effort to increase sugar production. It is seen by still doing the burning litter after several days of logging process, because litter can interfere with the operation of equipment and machinery at the time of land preparation. To manage the litter on dry land sugarcane plantations needed mechanization for the activities to be carried out is a strenuous activity both on land and in composting house. The mechanization is technology that serves to manage litter cane into compost whom give benefit to the soil and sugar cane. Tools and equipment for composting such as; tractor, trash rake, trailer, composting turner, loaders, trucks, chopper, and composting house.

Feasibility analysis in terms of economic and financial aspect is to show the amount of funds needed to build and operate a business. The next step is to analyze the costs to determine the expected income and conducted feasibility analysis to determine the net present value (NVP), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period (PBP) and the period of return on investment or the break-even point (break even point/BEP)

The use of compost can benefit to the soil and the post can loosen the soil, improve soil structure, increase the water holding capacity of the soil, groundwater store longer, and avoid dry patches on the post also provides macro and micro nutrients for plants, facilitate the growth of plant roots, and can improve the efficiency of use of chemical fertilizers (Stevenson 1994) .

This research aims to ; 1) analyzing the potential litter cane at PG. Takalar; 2) determine the number and the machine tool needs to support the management of litter cane; 3) analyze the cost and feasibility of cane litter management

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The tools used in this study are: 4-Wheel tractors, trash rake, trailer, chopper, shovel mixers. The materials used in this study is the litter cane ratoon cane and additional materials composters.

Research procedure

The study begins by identifying mechanical equipment available in plantation management system that can support the litter cane. Then test the performance of the mechanical equipment, analyze the needs of mechanical equipment and analyze the costs and economic viability of the sugar cane litter management.

Performance Test Of Machine

Performance test conducted of several machine alike trash rake to collect the litter, chopper, and applicators compost.

Analysis of Requirement Technology business Litter Cane

  Requirement analysis technology (tools and machinery) is done by equation 1:

…………………………(1)

Information :

Ut = The remaining amount requirement equipment and machines (units)

Ls = Target to be worked or achieved (ha/year, kg/year)

Lg = Goals that served or achieved (ha/year, kg/year)

Ka = machinery working capacity per unit (ha/year/unit, kg/year/unit)

Cost Analysis and Economic Feasibility

Analysis cost of litter management cane be done by calculating the fixed cost component and operating costs (variable costs). Basic costs are calculated by the following equation 2:

…………………………(2)

Information :
Bp = Basic Cost (Rp/hour); Bt = Fixed costs (Rp/year); X = work hours per year (h/year); Bv = variable cost (Rp/h)

Economic feasibility analysis done by calculating the NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and BEP (Break Event Point) and PBP (Payback Period).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Availability Analysis Litter Cane At PG. Takalar.

The results of the measurement of the potential availability of cane litter conducted in PG Takalar shows that the average potential litter cane owned by PG Takalar is 19.96% or about 20% of the weight of the sugar cane crop. This corresponds with the results of research conducted in India by Yadav et al. (1987) in Yadav (1994) which states that the amount of litter left in the cane fields after harvesting sugarcane reaches 10-20% of the weight of the sugar cane crop.

Measurements conducted on potential sugarcane litter litter derived from plant sugar cane newly harvested or harvested some time. The litter consists of shoots of sugarcane and sugarcane leaf yellowing or still green.

Results of research conducted by processing the cane into compost litter and organic matter mixed with cow dung as much as 25% of the weight of the litter cane, then the weight of the mixture will shrink by about 56%, so its potential to become compost is 44% of the weight of the base material. From the production data in 2011, the PG Takalar has the potential compost as much as 18073 tonnes.

Litter sugarcane into compost can be applied to sugarcane plantations. At a dose of compost 15 tons/ha, then PG Takalar cane land on which can be composted is 1205 ha or 29% of the acreage in 2011 is 4186 ha. It is of course not enough, but composting from year to year will experience a dose reduction due to the nature of the compost is not easily washed away by the water so that residue accumulates in soil and the long-term effect. So in about three and a half years of the entire land can be given litter compost derived from sugar cane or in other ways that reduce the dose of compost and mixed with inorganic fertilizer.

Requirement Analysis Tools and Machinery Litter Cane

The role of mechanization is needed in the management system on the sugar cane sugar cane litter dry land. Mechanization in question is the form of the use of technology equipment that can support the management of litter cane. The technology required from sugarcane litter collection process until the application of compost in field. Litter management cane into compost will need some tools and machines such as mechanical and composting; Tractor, trash rake, trailer, enumerators litter cane, home composting, stirrer (composting turner), loader, and applicator compost.

Table 1. Work capacity of machinery on litter sugarcane management

No	Type of machinery	Work capacity
1	Trash rake (ha/hour)	0.4
2	Trailer (ton/rit)	3.5
3	Applicator (ton/hour)	6
4	chopper (kg/hour)	900
5	Truck (m3/rit)	8
6	Composting turner(m3/hour)	1000

Table 1 shows the results of testing some mechanical equipment on litter cane maqngement. This requirement is based on the number of working capacity of each of the machinery at the study site.

Table 2. The total of requirement machinery on litter sugarcane management

No	Machinery type	Total of requirement machinery (unit)
1	Tractor 80 hp	48
2	Trash rake	13
3	Trailer	31
4	Applicator	4
5	Chopper	18
6	Grab loader	3
7	Truck	3
8	Composting turner	3

Based on the data of land the harvest of 2011, namely an area of 4186 ha, the total number of tractors required to support the activities of mechanization on the management of litter sugarcane were conducted in each rayon, so that there are 3 units where the management of litter cane is required tractor 48 units, trash rake 13 unit, trailer unit 31 and applicator 4 units. As for composting activities required enumerators 18 units, 3 units truck, mixer (composting turner) 3 units, and loader (mixer/lifter) 3 units.

Feasibility Analysis and Cost Management Compost Litter Cane

The feasibility analysis and cost are needed before we plan a business activity. This is done to secure their income from investing tools and machinery. Analisis costs should involve all components of costs, both fixed costs and operating costs (variable costs). Earned income is the difference between the proceeds from the sale of compost litter cane with basic operating costs. To analyze the cost of managing the litter cane used some of the following assumptions: the economic life of the tractor, trash rake, trailer, applicators, enumerators litter, compost grinder respectively 12 years and sieve the compost seven years, the interest of capital of 12%, insurance 1:24%, hours worked 800 hours/year, the price of diesel fuel Rp 9115/liter, electricity prices are Rp 1570/kWh, the price of lubricants Rp 20000/liter, tire life 2500 hours, labor costs Rp 6250/h.

The results of the feasibility analysis shows that this project is very feasible. This can be seen in Table 3 where the NPV value is 6,007,664,926 and IRR of 29.4%. Meanwhile, based on the analysis of BEP, it will obtain a breakeven or a return of capital when production reaches 23154135.78 kg of compost. Table 3 shows the value of PBP (payback period) is 3.4 years. This indicates that the value of the investment will be covered in year 4 or year management 4. Table 3 shows the amount of revenue and costs to be incurred in the management of business cane litter. The total cost of sugarcane litter management business is Rp 16891223670.00/year and PG Takalar will earn revenue. In twelve years, this cane litter management will provide an income of Rp 122620306000.00, assuming the litter production of sugar cane per year for 12 years the same as in 2011. Therefore, the potential of sugar cane litter on the PG. Takalar need to be managed well because it will provide additional income for the company.

Use of compost for their own plantation land will reduce the cost of production on the land, the use of fertilizers and the engine power will be as efficient as possible even be reduced because the loose soil structure will be easily processed and can enhance the growth of sugar cane. The use of compost litter cane at a dose of 10 tons/ha equivalent to 67 kg N, 24 kg P and 122 kg K. If PG. Takalar fertilization at a dose of 600 kg/ha urea and 200 kg/ha, then the introduction of compost 10 tons/ha will save on fertilizer costs by up to 25%.

If this is compared with a cane litter management performed PG. Takalar, by burning cane litter on land it is not just the financial loss suffered by the company, but will also harm the environment by air pollution, land degradation and global warming due to the burning of the litter.

CONCLUTION

The results showed that PG Takalar has an average potential availability of cane litter on Takalar PG is 19.96% (20%) of each stem of the plant cane. For the milling season of 2011, PG Takalar has the potential litter of 7.85 tonnes/ha and the total potential of sugarcane litter is 32 860 tonnes/year. Total requirement machinery to support mechanization in the management of litter cane with total area of 4186 ha are tractors 48 units, trash rake 13 units, trailers 31 units, applicator 4 units, chopper 18 units, truck 3 loader unit and 3 units. Based on the results of feasibility analysis, management of litter cane mechanically feasible to do in PG Takalar.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Stevenson FJ, 1994. Humus Chemistry, Genesis, Composition, Reaction. Second Ed, John Wiley & Son. Inc, USA

Toharisman, A. stainable of Sugarcane Management. Research Centre Of Indonesian Sugarcane Plantation (P3GI). Pasuruan. East Java.

Yadav. R. L., S. R. Prasad, Ramphal Singh & V. K. Srivastava. 1994. Recycling Sugarcane Trash To Conserve Soil Organic Carbon For Sustaining Yields Of Successive Ratoon Crops In Sugarcane. Bioresource Technology 49. pp 231-235.Elsevier Science Limited.