Задания для самостоятельной работы
Вариант 1
I. Сопоставьте слова.
1. State 2. Volume 3. Shape 4. Compressible 5. Space 6. Vessel 7. Drop 8. Pour 9. Glass 10. Substance | a. Капля b. Лить c. Стекло d. Состояние e. Вещество f. Сжимаемый g. Сосуд h. Объём i. Форма j. Пространство |
II. Переведите слова с английского языка на русский.
Property, diffusion, liquid, solid, fixed, spherical, assume, possess, occupy, attraction,
III. Переведите слова с русского языка на английский.
Молекула, количество, сферический, определённый, свободный, теория, минерал, следовательно, характерный, содержать.
IV. Переведите предложения с английского языка на русский.
1. Gases take the shape of the vessel.
2. Liquids have a definite volume.
3. Liquid, gaseous and solid states are states in which matter can exist.
4. The form of a drop is more or less spherical.
5. Liquids are incompressible.
6. The kinetic energy of the molecules depends upon the temperature.
7. Transition temperatures are definite temperature characteristics.
8. The attraction between the molecules in solids is very great.
9. We can divide solids into two main classes.
10. Solids possess characteristic forms.
V. Переведите текст с английского языка на русский.
Three states of matter.
There are three different states of matter – gaseous, liquid and solid states. The characteristic property of a gas is diffusion. A gas distributes itself uniformly in any space. Gases take the volume and the shape of the vessel which contains them. Gases are very compressible.
The liquid state occupies an intermediate position between the gaseous and solid states. Liquids have a definite volume but no fixed form. They take the shape of the vessel in which we pour them. But in very minute quantities as drops, liquids assume a form more or less spherical. There is not much free space between the molecules in liquids – therefore liquids are very incompressible.
According to the kinetic theory the attraction between the molecules in solids is very great. Therefore, solids possess a definite form which is characteristic. Solids can be divided into two classes crystalline, for example metals and most minerals, and amorphous, for example glass.
The change of a substance into the gaseous, liquid or solid states depends upon the kinetic energy of the molecules, which in turn depends upon the temperature. There are definite temperature characteristics for most substances at which such changes occur – we call them transition temperatures.
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. What are three states of matter?
2. Do liquids have a definite volume?
3. What shape do gases take?
4. Are gases compressible?
5. What does the kinetic energy of molecules depend upon?
Задания для самостоятельной работы
Вариант 2
I. Сопоставьте слова.
1. potable | a. использование |
2. purification | b. коагуляция, свертывание |
3. contaminants | c. очистка |
4. use | d. перевозка, доставка |
5. remove | e. оседание |
6. conveyance | f. питьевой |
7. residual | g. вещество |
8. settling | h. удалять |
9. coagulation | i. загрязняющие вещества |
bstance | j. остаточный |
II. Переведите слова и словосочетания с английского языка на русский.
water treatment, untreated water, consumption, suspended solids, algae, iron, manganese, sulphur, chemical pollutants, water distribution
III. Переведите слова и словосочетания с русского языка на английский.
питьевая вода, удаление, чистый, включать, бактерии, удобрения, качество воды, меры, обеспечивать, физические процессы
IV. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Portable water must be pure enough for human consumption.
2. The goal of all water treatment processes is to remove existing contaminants in the water or reduce their concentration.
3. Different processes are used for municipal drinking water purification worldwide.
4. The problem consists not so much in where to get pure water but in how to deliver it to people.
5. Ozone is a powerful water purifier.
6. Water supplies in many communities are so contaminated that they are not safe to drink.
7. The protection of natural water resources is very important.
8. Today the rivers and lakes contain products of mechanical, chemical and biological pollution.
9. The first primitive water-supply system was built 3000 years before our era.
10. One way to purify water is to boil it.
V. Переведите текст с английского языка на русский.
Potable water purification
Water purification is the removal of contaminants from untreated water to produce potable water that is pure enough for the most critical of its intended uses - for human bstances that are removed during the process of drinking water treatment include suspended solids, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi, minerals such as iron, manganese and sulphur, and other chemical pollutants such as fertilizers.
Measures taken to ensure water quality not only relate to the treatment of the water, but to its conveyance and distribution after treatment as well. It is therefore common practice to have residual disinfectants in the treated water in order to kill any bacteriological contamination during distribution.
The methods involved in treating water for drinking purpose may include physical processes such as settling and filtration, chemical processes such as disinfection and coagulation or biological processes, for example, aerated lagoons, activated sludge or slow sand filters.
VI. Answer the following questions:
1. What is water purification?
2. What substances are usually removed during the process of water treatment?
3. Do water treatment measures involve water conveyance and distribution?
4. What kinds of processes are used in water purification?
5. What chemical methods of water treatment do you know?
Задания для самостоятельной работы
Вариант 3
I. Сопоставьте слова:
1. cycle 2. movement 3. surface 4. evaporation 5. condensation 6. precipitation 7. infiltration 8. runoff 9. exchange 10. feature | a. поверхность b. испарение c. цикл d. обмен e. движение f. сток g. осадки h. особенность, характерная черта i. конденсация j. инфильтрация |
II. Переведите слова с английского языка на русский:
Water, the Earth, balance, constant, molecule, river, move, liquid, involve, influence.
III. Переведите слова с русского языка на английский:
Атмосфера, процесс, океан, изменения, тепло, климат, геологический, различный, очищать, сохранение (поддержка).
IV. Переведите предложения с английского языка на русский:
1. The water cycle is the continuous movement of water.
2. The balance of water on Earth remains constant.
3. Water molecules can come and go, in and out of the atmosphere.
4. The water moves from one reservoir to another.
5. The water goes through different phases.
6. The water cycle involves the exchange of heat.
7. Heat exchanges influence climate.
8. The water cycle purifies water.
9. The water cycle maintains life on the Earth.
10. The water transports minerals to different parts of the globe.
V. Переведите текст с английского на русский:
Earth's Water Cycle
The water cycle, also known as H2O cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. Although the balance of water on Earth remains constant over time, individual water molecules can come and go, in and out of the atmosphere. The water moves from one reservoir to another, such as from river to ocean, or from the ocean to the atmosphere by the physical processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff, and subsurface flow. In so doing, the water goes through different phases: liquid, solid (ice), and gas (vapor).
The water cycle involves the exchange of heat, which leads to temperature changes. These heat exchanges influence climate.
By transferring water from one reservoir to another, the water cycle purifies water, supplies the land with fresh water, and transports minerals to different parts of the globe. It is also involved in reshaping the geological features of the Earth, through such processes as erosion and sedimentation. Finally, the water cycle takes part significantly in the maintenance of life and ecosystems on the Earth.
VI. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What process does the water cycle describe?
2. How does the water move?
3. What phases does the water go through?
4. What leads to temperature changes?
5. Why the water cycle is very important and necessary?
Задания для самостоятельной работы
Вариант 4
I. Сопоставьте слова:
1. supply 2. permanent 3. settlement 4. well 5. pipe 6. aqueduct 7. lead 8. construction 9. system 10. plumbing | a. колодец b. трубопровод c. снабжение d. система e. поселение f. долговременный h. свинец i. акведук, водопровод j. строительство |
II. Переведите слова с английского языка на русский:
Groundwater, mechanism, convenient, ancient, discovery, unknown, poison, pottery, equipment, centralized.
III. Переведите слова с русского языка на английский:
Водоснабжение, трубопровод, колодец, акведук, система, сосуд, удобный, металлический, разрабатывать, век.
IV. Переведите предложения с английского на русский:
1. Man dug the first permanent water wells many centuries ago.
2. The settlements size depended on nearby water.
3. Wells were equipped with a simple mechanism.
4. They raised water from wells.
5. People used pottery and metal pipes.
6. People devised systems to get water more convenient.
7. A large system of aqueducts and pipes was used.
8. It was a centralized water supply system.
9. They did not know about poisonous effect.
10. Plumbing wooden pipe was found.
V. Переведите текст с английского языка на русский:
From the History of Water Supply
The history of water supply has several millennia. During the Neolithic man dug the first permanent water wells, from where vessels could be filled and carried by hand. The size of human settlements was largely dependent on nearby available water.
In ancient Egypt for groundwater were built very deep wells equipped with a simple mechanism for raising water, used pottery, wood and even metal (copper and lead) pipes.
Through the history people have devised systems to make getting and using water more convenient. In ancient Rome there was quite a large system of aqueducts and pipes. It was a real centralized water supply system. Rome and other nations began to use lead pipes, often unknowing about lead poisoning.
On the territory of Russia the plumbing wooden pipe was discovered during excavations in Novgorod, construction of which dates to the end of the XI - XII centuries.
VI. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. When did the history of water supply begin?
2. Where the first simple mechanism for raising water was built?
3. Who constructed a big centralized water supply system?
4. What materials were used for pipes production?
5. What was excavated in Novgorod?
Задания для самостоятельной работы
Вариант 5
I. Сопоставьте слова:
1. purpose 2. source 3. supply 4. water 5. society 6. life 7. system 8. protection 9. distribution 10. pollution 11. consumption | a. источник b. снабжение c. вода d. цель e. система f. защита g. потребление h. общество i. жизнь j. распределение k. загрязнение |
II. Переведите слова с английского языка на русский:
Water, standard, place, system, pipe, domestic, task, treat, industry, people, sewage.
III. Переведите слова с русского языка на английский:
Источник, промышленность, современный, защищать, чистота, получать, поддерживать, использовать, распределение, необходимо, питьевой.
IV. Переведите предложения с английского языка на русский:
1. Man uses water for domestic and sanitary purposes.
2. Industry uses water for its purposes.
3. Pure water is necessary to maintain the high standards of life.
4. Water can be taken from any sources of water.
5. The main task of water supply is to protect water against pollution.
6. Water undergoes a special treatment.
7. Water gets to people.
8. Water-supply system consists of some parts.
9. Pipes transfer water to the necessary place.
10. water undergoes a special treatment.
V. Переведите текст с английского на русский:
Water Supply
Man uses water for domestic and sanitary purposes and returns it to the source through sewage disposal system. Industry also uses water for its purposes.
An adequate supply of pure, wholesome and palatable water is essential to maintain the high standards of health and to provide modern society demands.
Water can be taken from any sources of water such as rivers, lakes, etc. The importance of sufficient supply of water for domestic and industrial purposes is the most important factor in the location of cities.
One of the main tasks of water supply is to protect water against pollution. That is why for human consumption water undergoes a special treatment to assure its purity. After that water gets to people through a water - supply system.
Water-supply system consists of some parts: a source of supply; a reservoir for storing water; a treatment plant, which makes water suitable for use; a distribution system of pipes, which transfers water to the necessary place.
People should remember that it is very important to treat water gently as it is the main source of life on the planet.
VI. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What purposes does man use water for?
2. What maintains the high standards of human health?
3. What is one of the main tasks of water supply?
4. What parts does water - supply system consist of?
5. Why should people treat water gently?
