The published sources on the history of research in the agriculture crimea (1861-1917) (стр. 1 )

UDC 061.6(477.75)"186/191"(091)

Adzhieva L. S.

Candidate of History,

Associated professor of History and Law Department,

Eupatorian Institute of Social Science,

Republican “Crimean Humanitarian University” (Yalta)

THE PUBLISHED SOURCES ON THE HISTORY OF RESEARCH IN THE AGRICULTURE CRIMEA (1861-1917)

Summary. In connection with the reform of the agricultural sector of Ukraine is now facing tasks such as bringing the latest technologies, tools, methods in the development of agriculture. However, the positive experience of predecessors rarely used, because it's not researching problem of modern scientists. It is known that in the second half of the ХІХ century some regions of the Russian Empire, including the Crimean peninsula, in its agricultural development did not lag behind the leading European countries. This is due to many factors, but primarily research that contributed to the intensification of agriculture in the Crimea. The research of this issue is possible because of the wide layer almost unexplored published sources.

Published sources of research problem represented by the following categories: documentary (laws and regulations, materials management of state institutions and public organizations), statistical data, scientific publications of scientists and amateur researchers of the Crimea of the second half of XIX – in the beginning of the XX century; periodicals, stored in the collections of the National library of Ukraine named by the V. I.Vernadsky, the State Historical Library of Ukraine, the Scientific Library Tauride National University named by V. I.Vernadsky, the Research Library Southern Branch of the “Crimean Agricultural University” of the National Agricultural University, the Scientific Library “Tavrika” named by X. X.Steven, rare books of the Yalta City Library named by A. P.Chekhov, the Scientific Library of the Institute “Maharach”.

In the royal law of this period were the basic laws, emergency laws, decrees, manifestos, position, rescripts, rules, and some others. Materials in the form of resolutions of provincial and county district council, reviews, inspection reports, essays, government officials are prepared by special request relevant authorities contributed to the formation of a coherent scientific picture of the development of the research works, individual scientific fields, branches of agriculture. The historical aspect of research institutions in more or less covered by the collective editions devoted to their anniversary dates, reports on the work. Much of sources relating to the areas of agriculture, social infrastructure, made up of statistical publications.

These reviews are important for clarification of certain agricultural sectors, identifying the role of the region in all-food market of Russia. An important segment of the source is complex scientific publications of scientists and amateur researchers of the Crimea of the second half of XIX – in the beginning of the XX century, including scientific publications, proceedings of research centers in which showing overall priorities of their research work. They contain important information material, which made it possible to trace the development stages of individual branches of science, to identify and analyze research scientists. Widely used material periodicals: newspapers – “Crimea”, “Crimean Journal”, “Crimean Courier”, “News of the South”, “Russian Riviera”, “Southern Post”, “South-Russian agricultural newspaper”, “Southern Gazette”, “Yalta” and journals – “Journal of Winemaking”, “Journal of gardening, fruit-growing and horticulture”, “Crimean journal of the gardening and the winemaking”, “Fruit-growing”, – made it possible to "get used" to the era, more clearly understand the logic of the events.

Thus, the published sources on the history of research in agriculture of the Crimea in 1861-1917 were by nature diverse, and their number allows us to determine the factors intensifying industry, to conduct a series of scientific research in various aspects of the history of research in agriculture, nature conservation, the natural reserve, a case dealing with topical issues of living Crimea study period.

Keywords: published sources, research, agriculture, Crimea.

Due to the reforming of agrarian sector of economy of Ukraine there are such tasks as attraction of the latest technologies, means, techniques in agriculture development.

However positive experience of predecessors isn't used almost, after all isn't studied by modern researchers. It is known that in the second half of the XIX century some regions of the Russian Empire, in particular, the Crimean peninsula, in agrarian developments didn't lag behind the leading European countries. It was promoted by many factors, but first of all, scientific researches, promoted an agriculture intensification in the Crimea. Studying of this question is possible because of availability of wide layer of almost not studied published sources.

Analysis of the last researches and publications. In the Soviet period there were some works which concerned separate aspects of agriculture development [1]. In the period of independence historians studied separate aspects of a problem [2], however has no work where the analysis of the published sources on investigated subjects would be made.
Research objective is the analysis of the published sources on stories of scientific researches in agriculture of the Crimea in 1861-1917.
Statement of the main material. The published sources on a studied problem are presented by such types as : the documentary(legislative and normative legal acts, materials of office-work of public institutions and public organizations) ;statistical materials; scientific publications of scientists and amateur researchers of the Crimea of the second half of XIX - the XX century beginning; the periodicals publication which are storing in funds of National library of Ukraine by V. I. Vernadsky, The state historical library of Ukraine, scientific library of Taurian National University by V. I. Vernadsky, Scientific library of the Southern branch "Crimean Agrotechnological University" ,National Agrarian University, Scientific library "Tavrika" by H. H. Steven, rare editions of Yalta city library by A. P. Chekhov, Scientific library of Magarach Institute. Characterizing the group of specified sources, we will note that in the imperial legislation of the second half of XIX - the beginning of the XX century the following legal acts took place: basic laws, emergency laws, decrees, manifestos, provisions, rescripts, rules and also some other. His researchers are inclined to distribute laws in two groups: one (the main part) reminded the order on small questions of administrative management, others concerned, if not all citizens of the empire, at least, its considerable ch were, for example, "The provision on provincial and district territorial establishments" [3, p. 209-228], "The agriculture charter" [4, p. 304-473], "Establishment of the ministries" [5, p. 7-9], "About the obvodnitelny capital in the Crimea" [4, p. 321-322].

Other form of the legislation are manifestos, which, in turn, shared in two groups: the manifestos dated for crowning of the new reign; the manifestos published in connection with the address of the reign to the people. The Manifesto, dated by February 19, 1861, is also belonged to such provisious.
Arrangements to a form of acts there was "Position" which, in fact, represented set of rules which defined a system, the rights and duties of separate estates and groups of the population. Most often it was "Position" of the State Council or other establishments, for example, the Ministries of the state property, the Ministry of Finance, Department of agriculture and others.

Another form of documents is presented ​​ by resolutions of provincial and district counties: Taurian provincial zemstvo [6], Yalta district zemstvo [7]. They allow to study a place and a role of zemstvoes in the organization of scientifically – research area, and also separate scientifically - research centers which are submitted to them.

Materials in the form of reviews, inspection reports, sketches which were prepared by the government officials due to the special order of the appropriate government bodies:" The Report on special meeting about needs of the agricultural industry" [8], "The Review of fruit growing development in Russia, on areas" [9], "The Sketch of wine growing and winemaking provision in Russia" [10], "Wine growing and winemaking in valleys of the Crimea. Inspector in agriculture Shchepkin S. P. (From the report to the Minister from the state property)" [11], "Technical processing of fruits and vegetables. Their internal movement and turns of foreign trade" [12], "Fruit growing in the Crimea" [13], "About a condition of wine growing and winemaking on the Southern coast of the Crimea" A. Knyazhevich [14], "The Imperial Nikitsky Garden and Magarachsky school of winemaking" M. Skvortsova [15], form complete scientific development pictures of scientifically - research put, the separate scientific directions and agriculture branches.

In the collective sets which are devoted to anniversaries of scientifically - research establishments the historical aspect of their activity [16] was shined in some degree. They were published once time in five - ten years, mainly, and contained materials which reflected practically all sides of their activity. Sometimes sets were supplemented with scientific articles for the purpose of informing of scientific community about some professional achievements and opening.

Reports on work which  were published by separate editions of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden [17], Crimea-Caucasian mountain club [18], The Crimean society of scientists and fans of the nature [19], The Crimean water prospecting party [20], Natural -  historical museum of the Taurian provincial county[21], allow to reflect organizational structure of scientific institutions, the main milestones and spheres  activity of  a personal contribution of researchers and fans of the nature in the  development of scientific branches, and also to systematize the bibliography, to open a range of scientific cooperation of scientists, etc.