Рабочая тетрадь по дисциплине «Иностранный язык (продвинутый уровень)»

Рабочая тетрадь по дисциплине

«Иностранный язык (продвинутый уровень)»

Аннотация

Параграф 2.

Задание 1. Поставьте сказуемые в страдательный залог в следующих предложениях, при этом опустите местоимение или существительное, обозначающее действующее лицо.

Образец.

We investigated the domestic market. - The domestic market was ……………………. The domestic market was investigated.

1. The investigation studies the marketing problems. The marketing problems are ……………………………

2. The author developed some theoretical models. Some theoretical models were ………………………………….

3. We found an approach to the problem. – An approach to the problem was ………………………..

4. The paper considered a number of standard programs. – A number of standard programs are………………………………………………………..

5. The author has analyzed the material. – The material has…………………………….

6. The author gives the important data. - The important data is…………………………

Задание 2. Рассмотрите следующие предложения. Проанализируйте в них употребление неопределенного артикля «a» «an» и определенного артикля «the».

1. A new classification of marketing approaches is given. The classification is published in the magazine.

2. The author gives a general conclusion for the internationalization process. The conclusion is proved by a series of statistics computing.

3. A new managerial theory has been considered. The theory differs greatly from the previous one.

4. A comparison of two remuneration systems was carried out. The comparison showed the benefits of each system.

Параграф 6.

Задание 3. В следующих предложениях переведите сказуемое на английский язык, подобрав нужный глагол согласно рекомендации, данной в скобках. Поставьте сказуемое в указанной временной форме. Помните, что в предложениях должен быть прямой порядок слов.

Изучалась (была проанализирована) the structure of consumption (Past Simple). Рассматривается (проверяется его пригодность) a new method of payment (Present Simple). Исследуется (подробно) the new marketing strategy (Present Simple). Изучена the economic policy of the company (Present Perfect). Обсуждается the possibility of overcoming the crisis (Present Simple). Была описана the communication system of the company (Past Simple). Рассматривается (учитывается весь процесс) the role of the changed conditions (Present Simple). Уже обсуждался (был проанализирован) the method of costs minimizing (Present Perfect). Обсуждались the terms of delivery (Past Simple). Определены the factors for business success (Present Perfect). Исследовались the possibilities of entering the world market (Past Simple). Изучены the problems, connected with staff (Present Perfect). Рассматривается a new management theory (Present Simple). Был описан the potential of the market (Past Simple). Обсуждается the employment problem (Present Simple). Обсуждался the method to estimate the efficiency of the company (Past Simple). Измерена the average cost of the goods (Present Perfect). Рассчитана the expected profit (Present Perfect). Выясняются (определяются) the possible implications of the catastrophe (Present Simple). Произведен расчет of the share value fluctuations (Present Perfect).

Параграф 8.

Задние 4. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения, соблюдая прямой порядок слов и ставя сказуемое в заданную временную форму. Помните о месте наречия.

Новый метод продаж рассматривается во всех подробностях (Pr. Simple). Внимательно изучались потенциальные риски (Past Simple). Подробно изучено влияние способа продаж на повышение спроса (Pr. Perfect). Проведен тщательный анализ каналов сбыта (Pr. Perfect). Методы оплаты были тщательно проанализированы (Past Simple).

Параграф 9.

Задание 5. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Several distribution channels have been studied. Different forms of material are studied. A careful study of sales promotion has been made. The demand for consumer goods has been measured. The investigation of means of shipment was made in several stages.

Здание 6. Проанализируйте аннотацию на русском и английском языке, обращая внимание на порядок слов в предложениях и на временную форму сказуемых. Ответьте на вопросы: Что изучается? Что рассматривается? Что обсуждается?

Аннотация

Работа выполнена на тему: «Продвижение на российский рынок туши для ресниц бренда L`Oreal». Косметический рынок является динамично развивающимся, что является основанием для активного продвижения косметических средств на рынок в условиях жесткой конкуренции. Правильная организация рекламной кампании способствует успешной реализации продукции. В данной работе, во-первых, были рассмотрены теоретические аспекты продвижения бренда на рынок, во-вторых, проанализирован российский рынок косметических товаров, в-третьих, дана характеристика деятельности компании L`Oreal и определена ее конкурентная позиция, а также разработана рекламная кампания по продвижению туши для ресниц косметического бренда L`Oreal «Тушь для ресниц «Объем Миллиона Ресниц» и оценена ее эффективность. Продолжительность рекламной кампании косметического бренда L`Oreal составила 3 месяца. Исследование показало, что реклама туши «Объем Миллиона Ресниц» обладает большой известностью и запоминаемостью, эффективно воздействует на поведение потребителей. Данные, полученные в результате проведенного исследования, могут найти практическое применение и быть использованы другими компаниями в своей работе по продвижению марок туши для ресниц.

Abstract.

The theme of the work is “Promotion of L`OREAL mascara on the Russian Market”. The make-up market is fast-growing that gives the base for active promotion of the cosmetics to the market with tough competition. Properly organized advertising campaign helps to sell the products successfully. Firstly theoretical aspects of the brand policy were examined in this work, secondly the Russian make-up market was analyzed, thirdly the activities of L`Oreal was characterized and its competitive position was stated. Also advertising campaign for promotion of the L`Oreal brand “Mascara “The Volume of Million Eye Lashes”” was devised and its efficiency was evaluated. The duration of the advertising campaign of make-up brand L`Oreal was 3 months. The research showed that the advertising of the mascara “The Volume of Million Eye Lashes” is well-known and well-memorized, efficiently influences the customer behavior. The results of the research can be used in practice by other companies in promotion of mascara brands.

Параграф 13.

Задание 7. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод безличных предложений типа «it is shown».

The place of the country in international division of labor is shown. It is shown that the change of the method sales can increase the demand for the goods. The factors of commercial success on the market have been studied. Different ways of team building have been found. It is found that it is necessary to improve the working conditions.

Задание 8. Выпишите из английской статьи по вашей специальности те предложения, в которых говорится о том

1) что изучалось, исследовалось, обсуждалось, измерялось, подсчитывалось;

2) что найдено, показано.

Сократите эти предложения, оставив только группу подлежащего и сказуемого с относящимся к ним словам. Составьте из полученных вами предложений краткую аннотацию.

Задание 9.Заполните многоточие лексикой по ваше специальности.

A study is made of … and … are also investigated. … was studied and measured. A study is made of … and … properties are also investigated. Measurements (calculations) are made of … . It is found that … . … has been studied and shown to be … . … was analyzed and … was calculated.

Параграф 15.

Здание 10. Сравните следующие пары предложений, обращая внимание на место прилагательных и наречий, усиливающих высказывание.

Условиям работы уделяется особое внимание. – Particular (special) emphasis is given to the working conditions. Обсуждаются полученные данные и особо учитывается их практическое значение. – The findings are discussed and special account is taken of their practical implication. Внимание уделяется прежде всего оптимальным условиям продаж. – Attention is primarily given to the optimal sales conditions. Описаны разные способы транспортировки товара, причем особое внимание уделяется преимуществам и недостаткам каждого способа. – Different methods of shipment are described with particular (special) emphasis on their advantages and disadvantages.

Задание 11. Переведите следующие предложения, соблюдая порядок слов, характерный для английского языка.

Особое внимание уделяется применению этого метода. Специально учитываются результаты исследования. Обсуждаются итоги года, причем особое внимание уделяется росту производительности труда.

II. ЦЕЛЬ, НАЗНАЧЕНИЕ.

Параграф 3.

Задание 1.Соедините первую и вторую части предложения, переведите получившиеся примеры на русский язык. Обратите внимание на то, что возможны разные варианты соединения частей предложения.

The aim of the study (research) is to test	A	the demand for the sports goods in the area.
The main purpose of the investigation was to establish	B	the efficient method of payment.
The main task of the experiments was to measure	C	the correlation between the level of education and the living standards.
The primary aim of the paper (discussion) was to describe	D	the new approach is applied in the whole industry.
The object of the research was	E	the new equipment
The subject of the research was	F	new method can be used in practice.
The novelty of the research is that	G	the possible application of the new approach.
The practical application of the results of the work is that	H	the new method.

Задание 2. Соедините первую и вторую части предложения, переведите получившиеся примеры на русский язык. Обратите внимание на то, что возможны разные варианты соединения частей предложения.

1	The aim of this research is	A	to find the best managerial solution to the problem.
2	This work is made in order to	B	to describe the consumption pattern of the area.
3	The main task of this research is	C	to get the new data concerning sales promotion
4	The purpose of the work is	D	invstigate the structure of the demand

Параграф 4.

Задание 3. Передайте содержание предложений, приведенных в задании 2 , используя глаголы design, intend.

Задание 4. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на использование глагол design.

The investigation is designed to evaluate the efficiency of this economic model. The experiment was designed to study the new approach. The research has been designed to prove the value of the new method of sales. The study is designed to check the idea.

Параграф 5.

Задание 5. Используйте следующие глаголы для указания назначения (цели) вашей работы.

Образец: Provide: We collected some data to provide explanation for the newly observed phenomenon.

1. Examine

2. Determine

3. Eliminate

4. Establish

5. Estimate

6. Simplify

Задание 6.Соедините первую и вторую части предложения, переведите получившиеся примеры на русский язык. Обратите внимание на то, что возможны разные варианты соединения частей предложения.

1	The study is designed to illustrate the findings	A	the average income.
2	The technique is employed to improve the efficiency	B	of the research
3	The method has been used to calculate	C	of fair income distribution.
4	The theory has been developed to elucidate the mechanism	D	of the new approach

Задание 7.Читая статью на английском языке по своей специальности, отметьте, какими средствами выражена в ней цель (назначение) работы. Используйте те же языковые средства для краткого сообщения о том, что сделано в работе и с какой целью (для чего?).

Задание 8. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на то, что в английском языке для выражения назначения предпочтительнее употреблять инфинитив или герундий: to determinate, for determining - для определения; to eliminate, for eliminating – для исключения: to calculate, for calculating - для вычисления и т. д.

The new method for taxes calculating has been developed. Two methods to determine the efficiency of the production are given. There are two common methods for calculating the costs. The modern ways to communicate have been investigated.

Задание 9. Напишите краткие аннотации английских статей.

Foreigners Boost Spanish Real Estate

October 2013 | Companies and Markets

September began with good news for the Spanish economy: For the first time in recent years, Spain attracted enough foreign investment to start growing. Export volumes hit records, imports bottomed out, and foreigners are creating demand for everything, including in the sector that was hardest hit during the recession: real estate. In the first half of 2013 alone, foreign investments in the Spanish economy exceeded €6.5 billion. The trade deficit fell sharply by 67%, and exports reached €138.5 billion. According to the Minister of Economic Development, this is the result of actively developing new markets, especially in Africa and the Middle East. On the other hand, investors – especially the French, British, and Americans – were buying up shares of international companies based in Spain in the fields of insurance, finance, industry, and panies of Spanish origin do not elicit 100% confidence.

“Spain is going through the first uptick after a prolonged crisis, says Santos Ortega, coordinator of the Ibero-Latin Chamber. “Nobody was expecting a result like this; even at the end of 2012 the forecasts were not the most reassuring. But here we have the result. It may be that economic growth will be double all the forecasts made to date. However, it is very unstable growth, as it mainly depends on what foreign buyers want. It is true that Spain has been buying less abroad, but it has not produced more. The decline in imports is due to the fall in domestic demand rather than increased production. A striking example of Spanish dependence on foreign financing is its construction sector and residential real estate. The number of mortgages issued to Spanish citizens barely exceeded 10,000 in September of this year, while foreigners were provided with all sorts of benefits and concessions for housing purchases.”

In short, Spaniards really do have something to protest about. The government has transferred all economic power into foreign hands, such as those willing to spend a million euros to buy luxury beachfront homes. Since the explosion of the real estate market, turnover fell year after year. It did not hit absolute bottom due to the fact that it is kept afloat by foreign demand for “seaside cottages.” In the second trimester of this year, 28% more residential units were sold to foreigners than last year. The Ministry of Economic Development states that the reason for this is the sharp price decline in certain segments.

Just from April to June of this year, foreign buyers concluded 13,632 real estate transactions: 3,543 in the province of Alicante, 1,771 in Malaga, 1,008 in Barcelona and 991 on Tenerife, 767 in Girona, and more than 5,500 in other provinces.  “Lower prices for a vacation home, which in Spain is often referred to as a `second residence,’ undoubtedly sparked interest,” said Benat del Coso of the real estate portal . “But the statistics show that foreign buyers are seeking to purchase high-quality or luxury homes at bargain prices. That is, they are looking for a luxury villa at a 50% discount. The price per square meter fell particularly hard in that price category, as Spaniards cannot afford such houses.”

G8

World leaders, shaken by deadly bombings in London, are wrapping up an economic summit with a major aid package for Africa but continued bickering between the United States and its allies over global warming.

The leaders managed to stick to their agenda even though British Prime Minister Tony Blair, the summit host, had to rush back to his capital to calm a nation shocked by the worst attacks on London since World War II.

Blair returned to the summit later Friday.

A series of statements scheduled to be issued as the Group of Eight summit drew to a close will pledge to double assistance to reduce poverty and fight disease in Africa, the world's poorest continent.

Less progress was made on Blair's other summit goal -- getting America on board to make major reductions in emissions of the gases that some have blamed for global warming.

The United States, the only G-8 country that has not ratified the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on global warming, continued to reject Blair's calls for setting specific targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Before the final joint statements were issued, the leaders were meeting with five African nations to highlight the G-8's efforts to bolster the world's poorest continent.

President Bush and the other leaders made a point of sticking to the summit's schedule as a statement that the terrorist attacks could not disrupt their efforts.

They did issue a special statement, read by Blair with the other leaders standing behind him, that condemned "these barbaric acts" and vowed, "We are united in our resolve to confront and defeat this terrorism that is not an attack on one nation, but on all nations and on civilized people everywhere."

"We will not yield to these people," Bush said in a sentiment echoed by the other leaders.

"Our collective freedom has come under attack today by those who would use violence and murder to force extremism upon the world," said Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin. He said he had learned of the attacks from Blair, who whispered the development to him as they were posing for photographs during Thursday's arrival ceremony.

All of the leaders stressed that the terrorist attacks would not stop them from accomplishing what they set out to do at the summit.

"We will not allow violence to change our societies or our values nor will we allow it to stop the work of this summit," said Blair.

The nearly simultaneous blasts rocked the London subway and tore open a double-decker bus. Deaths and the number of injured mounted.

Bush and the other leaders received frequent updates on the events in London during their talks on Thursday and conferred with officials in their home capitals to assure themselves that all security precautions were taken. The United States raised its terror alert to orange for subways, buses and trains.

Thursday's discussions focused on climate change, which pitted the Bush administration against the other countries.

According to a draft of the communique on global warming obtained by The Associated Press, the leaders have agreed that increased demand for fossil fuels -- as well as other human activities -- was contributing in large part to the build up of greenhouse gases tied to the warming of the earth's atmosphere.

French President Jacques Chirac called the compromise language a "visible, real evolution" in the American position. However, environmental groups complained that the statement omitted Blair's objectives of obtaining commitments to cut greenhouse emissions by specified levels.

On Africa, the summit countries were expected to pledge to double aid to Africa by 2012, a key Blair objective, but leave out the numerical goal of increasing aid from the current $25 billion to $50 billion. Also left out of the pledge on support for Africa will be Blair's other goal of getting all summit countries to commit to raising foreign aid to an amount equivalent to 0.7 percent of each country's economy by 2015.

The United States, which is now giving an amount equal to 0.16 percent of its economy, objected to the setting a numerical target for support.

The attacks in London came as Bush and Blair were meeting over breakfast and answering questions from reporters and before all the leaders were due to begin the summit's general session.

"It's particularly barbaric that this has happened on a day when people are meeting to try to help the problems of poverty in Africa, the long-term problems of climate change and the environment," Blair told reporters.

Has the time come for a new global currency?

September 2013 | People

Professor Robert Mundell, Nobel Prize winner in economics and the person known as the “father” of the euro, visits the Chief Editor of World Economic Journal.

- In the foreseeable future, is there a possibility of a third global currency (along with the dollar and the euro) emerging in Asia?

- That strong currency would most likely be the renminbi (yuan). If China’s GDP keeps growing at the same rate over the next 10 years, it could catch up to the U. S. So I don’t rule out that by somewhere around 2025 the world could have three main currencies: the dollar, the euro, and the yuan. Moreover, the Japanese yen has a chance at becoming the fourth world currency unit. It’s also possible that the British pound could advance and become a fifth currency. But there is a lot of competition between the Chinese and Japanese currencies and if the dollar and the euro calmly interact with one another, the yuan and yen don’t. Overall, some countries could be part of a single currency zone which doesn’t require them to use a single currency, but would simply requires them to regulate the currency exchange rates in that region, that is, to set the ratio of the euro and dollar, for example. Changing the currency of your country to another one is a serious political move and no one will go for being in a country that swings between two currencies. That’s why creating a single currency for the entire Asian region doesn’t seem possible to me. Maybe they’ll ‘make friends’ later, but for now the Asian countries can perfectly well keep their own currencies and simply regulate the exchange rates.

-But is there a need for a new global currency? The debate over the viability of introducing the euro has not yet quieted down and new EU members are in no hurry to join the Eurozone…

- Up until 1970, the U. S. economy was a kind of cushion and reserve barrel for the global economy. But now this barrel has been divided into two parts: the European Monetary System and the dollar bloc. This division could be compared to a large planet splitting into two parts that are constantly competing with one another. And if we’re talking about the dollar and the euro, the exchange rate of these two currencies is constantly changing and these changes are quite serious. This is a large, and perhaps even the main, problem in the instability of the global economy. Today, the dollar isn’t the most stable currency, but together with the euro, they continue playing the role of the same cushion for the global economy. What the world now needs is to stabilize the dollar and the euro so that the other countries would establish and regulate the relationship of their currencies to the dollar and the euro. On that basis, the International Monetary Fund could launch a new global currency. In my opinion, this is the most suitable and necessary international monetary policy.

Are tax havens harmful to the global economy?

July - August 2013 | People

The Chief Editor of World Economic Journal Robert Abdullin visits Professor Robert John Aumann. Aumann is a Nobel Prize Laureate in Economics for his game-theory analysis of conflict and cooperation.

How do you rate today’s established world order and how do you see the world in the near future? Twenty years ago it was two-pronged, with the USA on one side and the USSR on the other. What vectors do you see in the new world?

Journalists have a tendency to constantly be looking into the future and making predictions about it. But few get it in their head to compare the present reality with the past forecasts of experts. I think that in 10 years, still no one will be looking at whether Professor Aumann’s predictions came true or not.

Back in 2008, I had thought that the world would come out of the crisis relatively quickly. As we now see, my forecasts didn’t come true, so now I prefer to refrain from speculating.

The world just wasn’t as smart as you. I’m not expecting clear cut predictions from you, but rather to exchange ideas and reflect together… For example, let’s discuss the issue of tax competition.

I think that in the context of a global economy, different countries simply can’t have tax rates that are very different. Because if one country has much lower taxes than another, then people will choose the country with lower taxes. And this rally happens on a regular basis. In France, just a few months ago, a very wealthy and prosperous citizen got on his private plane and moved to Belgium. France was incredibly angry at him, but the anger didn’t help. There was a similar story in Israel.

Let us recall the basics of economic theory, the Adam Smith theorem: The market determines the price. You can’t have one store selling bananas for 1,000 rubles per kilogram while another sells them for 100. It won’t work. The same situation is happening now with taxes around the world. The market sets prices on its own; you don’t need a central government to do so. In the same way, the international market dictates tax rates that are more or less uniform.

Yes, but the market can’t regulate itself or prevent free offshore zones – for that, you need a political decision. Do you see the UN as one of the major regulators of global economic governance? Or would this role be carried out by some other body?

As for the UN, the answer is a definite no. The UN is impotent. Concerning so-called "offshores," eventually it might be necessary to move to greater reliance on forms of tax other than income tax. Or, the issue of residency may be redefined. This will work itself out. Here again, the market will work.

Taxes do not have to be absolutely uniform, you know. They only have to be not too far apart. For example, I prefer living in Israel to living in Kazakhstan, even though the top marginal rate in Israel is 50% and in Kazakhstan it’s only 13%. People do not determine where they live only on the basis of tax rates.

Which raises the question: Who will regulate this process?

It doesn’t need to be regulated, although my opinion could be wrong once again. I believe that the market regulates itself, and that works. True, not 100%, but it works better than having regulators. They only need to provide three things: honesty, transparency, and competition.

In your lecture “War and Peace,” you propose considering long-term military conflicts as repeating games. What is your view of today’s arms race, and whether the Gordian knot of the global economic crisis could be cut only by war?

God forbid, what an awful suggestion! I still have hope that it will never come to a world-wide military conflict and we will be able to survive and find ways to solve problems peacefully.  Yes, I must admit that World War II pulled the world out of the economic crisis, but humanity paid a  huge and unbearable price. I am totally against this idea.

Incidentally, I am very worried about environmental problems. Not so much about global warming and such, but the destruction of flora and fauna. We are leaving our children in a much less plenteous world, where there will be fewer living and beautiful things. This, in my view, is a problem of no less importance than the economic crisis.

A Country of Unlearned Lessons

October 2013 | Global

Princeton, Harvard, Yale, and Stanford – these are names associated with the best universities in the United States. Universities in this country have long been respected and prestigious, and it wasn’t long ago, back in the 1990s, that no one could imagine the educational system in such a deadlock.

Multiple reports from the Department of Education, speeches by President Obama, teacher strikes at the beginning of the school year, and frequent discussions on the pages of American newspapers all say that the educational system is in a deadlock.

At the root of this long process are the country’s financial problems. The 2008 crisis unsettled university funding. Professor Roger Geiger from Penn State writes in an article: “The wealthiest colleges and universities, normally immune to the tempests besetting other institutions, suffered significant financial damage in this crisis. With all classes of financial assets plunging, their diversified portfolios of alternative investments were hit from all directions. The losses of 2008–2009 will be felt for years to come, and many institutions have announced permanent budget reductions of 10 percent. Cuts of this magnitude can only be achieved by firing people, since salaries comprise roughly three-quarters of university expenditures. Institutions have also instituted hiring freezes and cancelled building plans. Still, these ‘hardships’ should be put in perspective.”

According to Geiger, before 2008, universities were financed mainly by endowments. After the crisis, the status of these endowments changed, affecting important factors such as professor salaries, the cost of an education, and other educational expenditures.

A new trend has been emerging in recent years with only 46% of American students completing a degree. According to the U. S. Department of Education, the country is losing its rating on the number of graduates and is no longer first in the world as before, but 16th.

The reason for this is the high cost of education and the inability to quickly pay off student loans. According to data from the first half of 2013, American debt on student loans was $1 trillion, surpassing credit card debt.

According to the U. S. Department of Education, 60% of students who enrolled but didn’t graduate from a university, left early in order to work to pay off their loans. These people either do not receive their bachelor’s degree at all or take their final exams not after the traditional four years, but in six. They provide for themselves without seeking support from family. Each year, 2.8 million youth drop out of college. On average, by the end of college, in addition to their bachelor’s degree in their suitcase, graduates leave with $26,000 of debt, and it’s still growing.