МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
высшего образования
«Забайкальский государственный университет»
(ФГБОУ ВО «ЗабГУ»)
Факультет филологии и массовых коммуникаций
Кафедра иностранных языков инженерно-технических специальностей
УЧЕБНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ
для студентов заочной формы обучения
по дисциплине «Деловой английский»
наименование дисциплины (модуля)
для направления подготовки (специальности):
21.05.04 «Горное дело»
код и наименование направления подготовки (специальности)
Профиль открытые горные работы, подземная разработка полезных ископаемых, обогащение полезных ископаемых
составлена в соответствии с ФГОС ВО, утвержденным приказом № 89 Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации от
«24» января 2011г.
Направленность ОП «Горное дело» (квалификация (степень) «специалист»)
Общая трудоемкость дисциплины (модуля)
Виды занятий | Всего часов | ||
5 семестр | 6 семестр | ||
1 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
Общая трудоемкость | 72 | 72 | |
Аудиторные занятия, в т. ч. | 2 | 6 | 8 |
Лекционные (ЛК) | - | - | - |
Практические (семинарские) (ПЗ, СЗ) | 2 | 6 | 8 |
Лабораторные (ЛР) | - | - | - |
Самостоятельная работа студентов (СРС) | 64 | 64 | |
Внеаудиторная работа со студентами (ВРС) | |||
Курсовая работа (курсовой проект) (КР, КП) | - | - | - |
Форма контроля в семестре* | зачет |
*Экзамен соответствует 1 з. ед. (36 час.). Если в семестре формой итогового контроля является экзамен, то в графе «Распределение по семестрам» указывается 36 часов.
Краткое содержание курса
№ п/п | Краткое содержание | Наименование оценочного материала |
Первый семестр | ||
1. | Установочное занятие: объяснение материала к контрольной работе и порядок ее выполнения | |
Второй семестр | ||
2. | Практические занятия (6 аудиторных часов) | Проверка контрольных работ; выполнение упражнений; чтение и перевод учебных текстов. |
3. | Зачет: выполнение контрольной работы, работа на занятиях. | Контрольная работа; выполнение аудиторной работы |
Материал для самостоятельного выполнения
Контрольная работа № 1
Вариант 1
1) Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу фразами. Данные микродиалоги переведите:
1. Hostess: Mrs. Jones, I’d like to introduce our colleague Mr. White.
Mrs. Jones: How do you do, Mr. White?
Mr. White: ….
2. Mr. Jones: Good morning, Mr. Smith.
Mr. Smith: …. . How are you?
Mr. Jones: Very well, … . …?
Mr. Smith: Quite well, … .
3. Mr. Adams: I’m afraid I must be going. I have some urgent work.
Mr. Brent: Well, I won’t keep you then. … .
Mr. Adams: … .
2) Составьте собственное резюме на английском языке.
3) Переведите деловые письма на русский язык. Определите их вид:
a)
Men’s Clothes Dealers Ltd.
142 South Road
Sheffield S20 4HL
England
27th March, 2014
Dear Sirs,
Our Order for Silk Shirts
In response to your letter of 17th March, we thank you for sending us your catalogues of men’s silk shirts. We are there will be a great demand for them in Ukraine.
We are enclosing our Order No.142, and would ask you to return its duplicate to us, duly signed, as an acknowledgement.
Yours faithfully,
Vladimir Smurov
Export-Import Manager
Enc. Order No.142
b)
Carsons Inc.
Bay Avenue
San Francisco
July 23, 2014
Dear Mr. Carsons:
According to our records payment of our invoice No. 3823, sent to you in April, has not yet been made.
As specified on all our estimates and invoices our terms of payment are 30 days. Your invoice has now been outstanding for 90 days. In the case of unsettled debt of this duration it is our company policy to take legal action.
We would naturally prefer not to have to go so far. Would you please send us a check by return. In case you have lost or mislaid the original I am enclosing a copy of our invoice.
We look forward to receiving your payment by return.
Yours sincerely,
Pierre Lacoste
Credit Controller
4) Напишите письмо-запрос.
5) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем:
Company Structure
When organizing, a manger develops a structure of framework that relates all workers, tasks and resources to each other. That framework is called the organization chart.
Top management is the highest level of management and consists of the president and other key company executives who develop strategic plans. Two terms you are likely to see often are chief executive officer and chief operating officer. The chief executive officer is often the president of the firm and is responsible for all the level decisions in the firm. The chief operating officer is responsible for putting those changes into effect. His or her tasks include structuring, controlling and rewarding to ensure that people carry out the leader’s version.
Middle management includes branch and plant managers, deans and department heads who are responsible for tactical plans.
Supervisory first-line (front-line) management includes people directly responsible for assigning specific jobs to workers because they are the first level above workers.
6) Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1. What is top management?
2. What can you say about the role of the chief executive officer?
3. What does middle management include?
Вариант 2
1) Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу фразами. Данные микродиалоги переведите:
1. Mr. Cox: Mr. Steel, I’d like to introduce David Ward, a colleague of mine.
Mr. Ward: How do you do?
Mr. Steel: ….
2. David: Hallo, Jean.
Jean: …. . How are you getting on?
David: All right, … . …?
Jean: Fine, … .
3. Paul: It’s time I was e.
Jane: … .
2) Составьте собственное резюме на английском языке.
3) Переведите деловые письма на русский язык. Определите их вид:
a)
Men’s Clothes Dealers Ltd.
153 South Road
Sheffield S20 4HL
England
26th March, 2014
Dear Sirs,
We are satisfied with cooperation with your company. As you requested, we are enclosing a folder with information on our new apparatuses. Our new trade list will be available in a week and we are making a note to send you one as soon as it comes off the press.
We have no doubt that we would find a satisfactory market for our apparatuses in your country.
Should you have any questions, feel free to contact us.
Yours faithfully,
Michael Borodin
Export-Import Manager
b)
White Inc.
Bay Avenue
San Francisco
July 27, 2014
Dear Mr. White:
Thank you for your delivery of men’s silk shirts, which we ordered on the 21st July, 2014. At same time we would like to draw your attention to the following.
After examination of the shirts we discovered some manufacturing defects:
- there are oil stains on 12 shirts;
- one shirt is in a different style.
We are returning the defective shirts by separate mail. Carriage forward, and would ask you to replace them.
We would appreciate a prompt reply.
Yours sincerely,
Jack Brown
Export-Import Manager
4) Напишите письмо-предложение.
5) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем:
Line and Staff Systems
To minimize the disadvantages of simple line organizations, most organizations today have both line and staff personnel. A couple of definition will help. Line Personnel perform functions that contribute directly to the primary goals of the organization (e. g. making the product, distributing it, and selling it). Staff personnel perform functions that advise and assist line personnel in performing their goals (e. g. marketing research, legal advising, and personnel).
Most organizations have benefited from the expert advice of staff assistants in areas such as safety, quality control, computer technologies and so forth. But there may be conflicts, because staff experts often know more or better about correct procedures, but usually cannot tell line management or workers what to do, as they serve an advisory function.
A matrix organization is one where specialists from different parts of the organization are brought together to work on special projects but still remain part of a line and staff structure.
6) Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1. What is the main difference between line personnel and staff personnel?
2. What have most organization benefited from?
3. What can you say about a matrix organization?
Вариант 3
1) Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу фразами. Данные микродиалоги переведите:
1. James: Hi Alice. How are you today?
Alice: … I'm fine, and you?
James: Great, thank you.
2. Mark: Excuse me, … Jane Turner?
Jane: Yes, that’s … .
Mark: May I … myself? I’m Mark Jones. How do you do?
Jane: …, Mr Jones.
3. David: Hello, Chris Evans. Mind if I join you?
Chris: Oh, … not. … to meet you, David Batty. So how are you finding the conference so far?
David: Actually, I’ve only arrived this morning.
Chris: All right, I came 2 days ago…
2) Составьте собственное резюме на английском языке.
3) Переведите деловые письма на русский язык. Определите их вид:
a)
Tel. 23241053 M/s Acron Electricals E-mail: *****@***. in
Fax.: 23244155 22/c, Main Road Website: http://www. Fax.
Darya Ganj, New Delhi-2
Ref. PR/F/2002/27 Dated: July 27,2002
M/s Bharat Fans
Bharat Complex
Hyderabad Industrial Estate
Hyderabad - 500032
Subject: Enquiry about the prices of fans
Dear Sir,
We are dealing in retail trade of electrical appliances. We would be interested in selling your product, Bharat Fans through our retail showroom. Could you, therefore, send us your quotations and let us know the terms and conditions of payment.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
For M/s Acron Electricals
Sd/-
(A. B.Kumar)
Partner.
b) Tel. 508632-35 M/s Bharat Fans E-mail: *****@***. in
Fax. 508600 Bharat Complex Website: http://www.
Hyderabad Industrial Estate
Hyderabad - 500032
Ref.-SL/F/2002/12 Dated: December 10,2002
M/s Acron Electricals
22/c, Main Road
Darya Ganj, New Delhi-2
Subject: Recovery of dues
Dear Sir,
We believe that the payment of our bill No. 1713 dated September 2,2002 must have escaped your attention. As the payment is due since long, we would appreciate if you send us your cheque immediately. Please let us know whether payment is being withheld for some special reasons.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
For M/s Bharat Fans
Sd/-
(Des Gupta)
Sales Manager
c)
October 19, 2004
san Miller
215 Jones Road
Marietta, GA 30066
RE: VISA 1234 289 89192
Dear Ms. Miller:
On reviewing my VISA statement, I noticed a charge not made by me. The charge was in the amount of $25.89 for dinner at the Coastal Restaurant in Tampa, Florida, on July 18, 2005. I have never been to Tampa, Florida, and could not have made this charge. A copy of the VISA statement is attached.
Please remove this amount from my credit card.
Sincerely,
Lisa Hollis
2819 Gornto Road
Valdosta, GA 31602
4) Напишите письмо-запрос.
5) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем:
Some Business Structures
The most common business structures are sole trader, partnership, proprietary limited company, association and co-operative. Each has advantages, and disadvantages.
In deciding what structure to choose, you should consider such factors as taxation, type and size of business, finance requirements and establishment costs. Your final decision should only be made after talking to your accountant or solicitor.
Sole trader is the simplest and most inexpensive form of business structure to set up. As a sole trader you can trade under your own name.
A partnership is defined as the relationship which exists between persons carrying on a business in common with a view to profit. It involves an agreement between two or more parties to enter into a legally binding relationship and is essentially contractual in nature.
An incorporated association is an alternative to forming a company or a co-operative for small non-profit groups. An association can trade but this cannot be its main objective. Any profit from the trading should be put back into the association and not given to its members.
6) Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1. What is a sole trader form?
2. What involves the form of partnership?
3. What is an incorporated association?
Вариант 4
1) Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу фразами. Данные микродиалоги переведите:
1. Linda: Dan! Good to see you again. … are things?
Dan: Hello, Linda. Fine thanks. Pretty busy, as always, I suppose. Can I introduce you to a colleague of … , Peter Winston? Peter, this is Linda Farrell.
Peter: Nice to meet you, Ms Farrell.
Linda: Nice to meet you, too. You … call me Linda.
Peter: Then you … call me Peter.
2. A: Hello. I'm Mia Conners.
B: Hi Mia. I'm David Sinclair, and this is my partner Gina Evans. (hold out hand to shake)
A: … Mr. Sinclair and Ms Evans. … for taking the time to meet with me today.
B: It's our pleasure. And please, call us David and Gina. Can I take your coat?
A: … .
B: No problem. … take a seat and we'll be right with you. I just have to make a quick phone call.
3. A: I don't think we've met. I'm Stacey. (hold out hand to shake)
B: … Stacey. I'm Carl.
A: … Carl. Nice to meet you.
B: ... to meet you too.
2) Составьте собственное резюме на английском языке.
3) Переведите деловые письма на русский язык. Определите их вид:
a)
Rita Wilkinson
Washington st., 12A
Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma, 234A67
January 1, 20XX
Mr. John Doe
123 Broadway
New York, NY 10003
Dear Mr. Doe:
I saw your advertisement for a Sales Executive to take City Food Service to new heights, and I wish to apply for the job. Enclosed is my resume and some clips for your consideration.
I am a graduate of International University with a degree in Marketing, and a Master’s degree holder in Business Administration. I also received special courses in food and beverage services management. I have seven years working experience in catering, sales, and banquet services. I am very knowledgeable in kitchen and restaurant operations, budgeting and sales management. I have prospecting, selling, strong negotiations and leadership skills.
May I please request an interview at your convenience to discuss how I can make a lasting contribution to City Food Service? I will contact you next week to schedule a time.
Thank you very much.
Best regards,
Rita Wilkinson
b) Doe’s Restraunt
123 Broadway
New York, NY 10003
To: All Project Managers and Financial Department Staff
From: Rita Wilkinson
Date: March 5, 20XX
Subject: Announcement of Training Session
Inaccurate financial reporting and communication are just two of the many factors that will cause projects to fail an audit. We have invited Ms. Jane Doe of the premiere auditing firm, Doe & Co., to help us understand how to properly allocate costs to projects and keep records that will ease the stress that comes. Please join us for a session Friday, March 15, at 9:30 a. m. We expect all project managers and staff members of the finance department to attend this seminar. Please be prepared to take notes.
RW:
c)
A-564-654567-90000
Mrs. Alison Q. Rumpole
546 Haversford Drive
Massapequa, New York 94032
Subject: Incorrect Charge Query
Dear Mrs. Rumpole:
You recently inquired about the charges on your monthly bill from Henderson & Henderson Department Store. We have written the store management to try to resolve the discrepancy. As soon as we receive their reply, we will write you again.
While we are conducting our investigation, we are issuing a temporary credit on your charge account for $86.81.
If you have any questions or if we can be of further service, please call me or another customer service representative at the telephone number listed on your monthly billing statement.
Cordially,
(Mrs.) Leslie T. Waters
Customer Service Manager
4) Напишите письмо-запрос.
5) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем:
Corporation
The corporate structure is more complex and expensive than most other business structures. A corporation is an independent legal entity, separate from its owners, and as such, it requires complying with more regulations and tax requirements.
The biggest benefit for a business owner who decides to incorporate is the liability protection he or she receives. A corporation's debt is not considered that of its owners, so if you organize your business as a corporation, you are not putting your personal assets at risk. A corporation also can retain some of its profits without the owner paying tax on them.
Another plus is the ability of a corporation to raise money. A corporation can sell stock, either common or preferred to raise funds. Corporations also continue indefinitely, even if one of the shareholders dies sells the shares or becomes disabled. The corporate structure, however, comes with a number of downsides. A major one is higher costs. Corporations are formed under the laws of each state with its own set of regulations. You will probably need the assistance of an attorney to guide you. In addition, because a corporation must follow more complex rules and regulations than a partnership or sole proprietorship, it requires more accounting and tax preparation services.
6) Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1. What is a corporation?
2. What is the biggest benefit for a business owner to form a corporation?
3. Why is it required from a corporation to make more accounting and tax preparation services?
Материалы для аудиторной работыВариант 1
1) Переведите следующие предложения с английского языка на русский:
ch proposals must be received by the Company not later than 40 days after the end of the financial year.
2. All the amendments and addenda to the present Contract are to be considered its integral part.
3. To address an envelope, print the return address (also called the from address) neatly in the upper left-hand corner of the envelope.
4. The first letter of credit shall be opened within five days.
5. Our company has more than 60 dealers and representatives in different regions and would like to start producing your equipment in our country.
6. Would you kindly send us the information if the price includes the cost of equipment installation and staff training.
2) Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на английский:
1. Оформляйте денежные отношения (получение/возврат денег и пр.) в виде расписок.
2. Поступающим на работу в зарубежную фирму часто необходимо заполнить ряд анкет.
3. На каждом предприятии установлен определенный трудовой режим.
4. Наиболее распространенным типом компаний в Великобритании являются зарегистрированные компании, т. е. компании, зарегистрированные в соответствии с Законом о компаниях.
5. Акция – ценная бумага, свидетельствующая о внесении пая в капитал акционерного общества.
6. Наша фирма производит технологическое оборудование высокого класса.
3) Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова. Предложения переведите на русский язык:
a) facile; b) facilitate; c) facilitation; d) facilitator
1. The new trade agreement should …. more rapid economic growth.
2. I see my role as that of a …., enabling other people to work in the way that suits them best.
3. He does not permit himself … answers.
4. The project focuses on the … of regional trade and investment.
4) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем:
Negotiating Skills
Negotiation is a process where two or more parties with different needs and goals discuss an issue to find a mutually acceptable solution. In business, negotiation skills are important in both informal day-to-day interactions and formal transactions such as negotiating conditions of sale, lease, service delivery, and other legal contracts. Good negotiations contribute significantly to business success, as they help you build better relationships; deliver lasting, quality solutions rather than poor short-term ones that do not satisfy the needs of either party; help you avoid future problems and conflicts. A good negotiation leaves each party satisfied and ready to do business with each other again. Strong negotiators master written, verbal and non-verbal communication. They adopt a conscious, assertive approach to their communication. Good negotiators are flexible, creative, aware of themselves and others. They are also good planners, honest, win-oriented and excellent communicators.
During a negotiation, you may choose to use a passive, aggressive or assertive communication style. Using an assertive style will help to increase your chances of negotiating successful outcomes for your business. Passive communicators are inclined to use ambiguous language, adopt under-confident body language, and give in to demands too easily. Aggressive communicators take a confrontational approach that tends to alienate other parties and destroy negotiations. Assertive communicators, however, are both confident and considerate. These communicators are more likely to keep discussion going and facilitate mutually beneficial agreements. They adopt a strong, steady tone of voice. They are factual rather than emotional or critical. They describe their views, starting sentences with “I” rather than direct criticism starting with “you”.
5) Составьте план текста “Negotiating Skills”, используя ключевые фразы.
Вариант 2
1) Переведите следующие предложения с английского языка на русский:
1. We are of course very familiar with your range of vehicles and are pleased to inform you that we have a new line of batteries that fit your specifications exactly.
2. In the event of delay in delivery of the equipment the Seller is to pay the Buyer a penalty at the rate of 1.0% of the total contract value for every week of delay.
3. A CV or a resume is a summary of your personal details, educational qualifications and work experience, usually sent with an application form.
4. Proposal of items for inclusion in the agenda shall also contain wordings of draft decisions on each proposed item.
5. After the period of guarantee expires the defects shall be eliminated at the Buyers’ expense.
6. Management could be called the art of getting things done through people and other resources.
2) Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на английский:
1. Мы бы хотели представлять вашу продукцию на нашем рынке.
2. Доходы товарищества в США и Великобритании не облагаются корпоративным налогом.
3. Акция дает ее владельцу право на присвоение части прибыли в форме дивиденда.
4. При написании писем-запросов следует как можно более подробно изложить суть вопроса, сто позволит Вашему деловому партнеру сократить время на составление ответа.
5. Наша фирма состоит из 6 отделов: производственный, торговый, экспортный, отдел кадров и отдел научно-исследовательских и опытно-конструкторских работ.
6. Наше оборудование соответствует наивысшему техническому уровню и удовлетворяет самым строгим требованиям международных стандартов.
3) Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова. Предложения переведите на русский язык:
a) anticipate; b) anticipation; c) anticipative; d) anticipatory
1. A number of industrial companies are raising prices in …. of future inflation.
2. They help organizations to be more responsive and …. when making decisions.
3. In today’s business world, one has to be … . Being … is the only way to gain advantage.
4. We … that sales will rise next year.
4) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем:
Negotiating Strategies
Understanding the other party’s interests and tactics is integral to good negotiating. Choosing a strategy that best responds to their interests and tactics will help you to achieve the best outcome. Some of the different strategies for negotiation include:
- problem solving – committing to examining and discussing issues closely when entering into long-term agreements that warrant careful scrutiny;
- contending – persuading your negotiating party to concede to your outcome if you are bargaining in negotiations or over major “wins”;
- yielding – conceding a point that is not vital to you but is important to the other party, but valuable in on-going negotiations;
- compromising – forgoing their both parties’ ideal outcomes, settling for an outcome that is moderately satisfactory to each participant;
- inaction – buying time to think about the proposal, gather more information or decide your next tactics.
Your chosen strategy will depend on whom you are negotiating with and the type of relationship you have with them. Every time you negotiate, you have to make choices that affect whether you achieve a successful outcome for your business. To get the best outcomes, you need to understand the steps involved in the negotiation process. While many negotiations are straightforward, some of them will be among the hardest challenges you face. Your success will depend on planning and preparation. Always approach negotiations with a clear set of strategies and tactics that can guide you from planning to closing.
5) Составьте план текста “Negotiating Strategies”, используя ключевые фразы.
Вариант 3
1) Переведите следующие предложения с английского языка на русский:
1. A hybrid form of partnership, the limited liability company (LLC) , is gaining in popularity because it allows owners to take advantage of the benefits of both the corporation and partnership forms of business.
2. If you are seeking a team that will get you the financing that you seek for a mining project or for mining equipment and machinery, you have found your destination.
3. This business strategy is supported by the Mineral Resources’ leadership team’s entrepreneurial focus to meet changing market circumstances.
4. An Association is an organized group of people who share in a common interest, activity, or purpose.
5. A corporation is not required to pay tax on earnings paid as reasonable compensation, and it can deduct the payments as a business expense.
6. Personal liability is a major concern if you use a general partnership to structure your business.
2) Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на английский:
1. Правительство Канады заинтересовано в активных бизнесменах, поэтому с целью их привлечения создает благоприятные условия для занятия бизнесом на ее территории, а также выдает кредиты и ссуды.
2. Оценка горнодобывающих и энергетических предприятий осложняется тем, что запасы полезных ископаемых являются изначальным продуктом природы.
3. В новых условиях запасы полезного ископаемого рассматриваются, прежде всего, как основа финансового потока, способного обеспечить экономическую выгоду собственника предприятия.
4. Одной из практических целей данного проекта является привлечение инвестиций, необходимых для внедрения ресурсосберегающих низкоёмких технологий и методов рационального использования природных ресурсов.
5. Минерально-сырьевой потенциал государства обуславливает эффективность функционирования других отраслей промышленности, место страны в мировой экономической системе.
6. Горнодобывающая и энергетическая промышленность является одной из важнейших отраслей мировой и национальной экономики.
3) Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова. Предложения переведите на русский язык:
a) economic; b) economical; c) economy; d) economics
1. The material is an … substitute for plastics and steel.
2. … growth is slowing down on Europe and the USA.
3. The new developments radically changed the … of the mining and energy industries.
4. The government has promised to boost the flagging … .
4) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем:
Key Economic Terms: Banks
Starting out as places that would guard your money, banks became the main source of credit creation. Increasingly, however, borrowers are turning to the financial markets and to non-savings institutions, such as credit-card companies and consumer-finance firms, when they need a loan. This is reducing the profitability of traditional bank lending and has led many banks to enter new areas of business, such as selling insurance policies and mutual funds. Increasingly, too, traditional banks are selling off parcels of their loans in the financial markets by a process called securitisation.
Banks come in many different mercial banks, also known as retail banks, cater directly for the general public and lend to (mostly small and medium-sized) firms. In the past, they did so largely through a network of bank branches, although increasingly these are giving way to atm machines, the telephone and the Internet. Wholesale banks largely transact with other banks and financial institutions. Investment banks, also known as merchant banks, concentrate on raising money for companies from private investors or in the financial markets, by finding buyers for their equity and corporate bonds. Universal banks do most or all of the above including, through bancassurance, selling insurance. These banks have long been a feature of continental European economies. However, in the United States financial laws such as the Glass-Steagall Act have separated different forms of banking from each other and kept banks out of the insurance business. These laws were abolished in 1999, although during the preceding couple of decades regulators effectively dismantled them by changing the way they were applied. Even so, because of these and other laws, which for many years stopped banks from operating across state borders, the United States has far more lending institutions than other countries. In 2003 there were over four lending institutions per 100,000 people in the United States, compared with fewer than one per 100,000 in the UK and France.
5) Составьте план текста “Key Economic Terms: Banks”, используя ключевые фразы.
Вариант 4
1) Переведите следующие предложения с английского языка на русский:
1. In 1958, an economist from New Zealand, A. W.H. Phillips (1914-75), proposed that there was a trade-off between inflation and unemployment: the lower the unemployment rate, the higher was the rate of inflation.
2. Externalities are costs or benefits arising from an economic activity that affect somebody other than the people engaged in the economic activity and are not reflected fully in prices.
3. Over the years, economists and politicians have often changed their minds about whether it is a good idea to try to hold a country's exchange rate steady, rather than let it be decided by market forces.
4. Until late 2001, Enron, an energy company turned financial powerhouse based in Houston, Texas, had been one of the most admired firms in the United States and the world.
5. A central bank sets short-term interest rates and oversees the health of the financial system, including by acting as lender of last resort to commercial banks that get into financial difficulties.
6. So companies that own the brands have an immense incentive to work to retain that trust.
2) Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на английский:
1. Мы прекрасно знаем потребности бизнеса в данном секторе и готовы использовать наш международный опыт и уникальные знания в интересах наших клиентов.
2. Наши специалисты предлагают интегрированные решения по повышению организационной и финансовой эффективности предприятий нефтегазовой, горнодобывающей и энергетической отраслей промышленности.
3. Коммерческая организация – организация, имеющая основной целью своей деятельности извлечение прибыли.
4. Фирма может состоять из одного человека или нескольких человек и обслуживать жителей небольшого района или города.
5. Бизнес-план – это документ, который описывает все аспекты будущего предприятия, анализирует все проблемы, с которыми оно может столкнуться, а также определяет способы решения этих проблем.
6. Бизнес-модель логически описывает, каким образом организация создает, поставляет клиентам и приобретает стоимость (экономическую, социальную, культурную и др.).
3) Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова. Предложения переведите на русский язык:
a) profit (n); b) profitability; c) profitable; d) profitably
1. The company had not been operating … for some time.
2. Some of their energy projects are highly … .
3. They were buying securities and reselling them at a … .
4. Selling off assets should return the company to … .
4) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем:
Economic Sanctions
A way of punishing errant countries, which is currently more acceptable than bombing or invading them. One or more restrictions are imposed on international trade with the targeted country in order to persuade the target's government to change a policy. possible sanctions include limiting export or import trade with the target; constraining investment in the target; and preventing transfers of money involving citizens or the government of the target. Sanctions can be multilateral, with many countries acting together, perhaps under the auspices of the United Nations, or unilateral, when one country takes action on its own.
How effective sanctions are is debatable. According to one study, between 1914 and 1990 there were 116 occasions on which various countries imposed economic sanctions. Two-thirds of these failed to achieve their stated goals. The cost to the country imposing sanctions can be large, particularly when it is acting unilaterally. It is estimated that in 1995 imposing sanctions on other countries cost the American economy over $15 billion in lost exports and 200,000 in lost jobs in export industries.
Widely considered a notable success was the use of economic sanctions against the apartheid regime in South Africa, although some economists question how big a part the sanctions actually played. Clearly important was the fact that the sanctions were imposed multilaterally by the international community, so there were comparatively few breaches of the restrictions. But, arguably, the most crucial factor in persuading the government in Pretoria to cave in was that foreign companies fearing that their SHARE price would fall because their investments in South Africa would attract bad publicity voluntarily chose for commercial reasons to disinvest.
5) Составьте план текста “ Economic sanctions”, используя ключевые фразы.
