Иностранный язык

  Иностранный язык

  ТАБЛИЦА

распределения контрольных  по вариантам

Последняя цифра шифра	Номер варианта
1	1
2	2
3	3
4	4
5	5
6	6
7	7
8	8
9	9
0	10

Вариант контрольной работы соответствует последней цифре  шифра. Если последняя цифра шифра 0 , то вариант 10. Контрольная работа состоит из 1 варианта.

ВАРИАНТ №1

1.        Прочтите и письменно переведите текст.

CONSUMER RIGHTS

Only products which will not endanger health or safety may be put on the market. This means setting safety requirements, providing full information about potential risks, protecting consumers against physical injury. Consumers need to be put in a position where they can make an informed choice among goods and services offered. This includes objective information on the, features and price of the items available. Consumers also require proper information about their efficient and safe use.

Complaining about faulty goods or bad services is never easy. Most people dislike making a fuss. However, when you are shopping, it is important to know your rights:

1 .Examine the goods you buy at once. If they are faulty, tell the seller quickly.

2.Keep any receipts you are given. If you have to return something, the receipt will help to prove where and-when you bought it.

3.Don't be afraid to complain. You are not asking a favour to have faulty goods put right. The law is on your side.

4.Be persistent! If your complaint is justified, it is somebody's responsibility to put things right.

The single market needs to balance the interests of buyers and sellers not only fixing additional rules for consumer protection but also ensuring that existing ones.

In their role as consumers, ordinary EU citizens are key players in the Union's new frontier-free single market. The Union has in fact incorporated, as the basis of its consumer policy, the protection of the five fundamental rights which lie at the heart of national policies.

2.        Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

What kind of products may be put on the market? What do the consumers need? Why is it important to keep receipts you are given? Do people like making a fuss? What does objective information include? What is the basis of EU consumer policy?

3. Преобразуйте предложения изменив глагол в Present Progressive на Present Simple, используя следующие слова: always, usually, sometimes, never, offen и переведите полученные предложения.

The clerk is typing letters now. The accountant is preparing income tax returns. The secretary is answering the phone. They are delivering the mail now. John is leaving the office now.

4.Переведите на английский:

Товары предлагаемые покупателю должны иметь сертификат качества. Закон защищает права потребителей. Некачественные товары и услуги не должны появляться на рынке. Если вы сохраните чек, это поможет вам вернуть товар. Продавец дал нам полную информацию о товаре и цене.

5. Найдите в тексте Герундий, выпишите и переведите.

6.Объясните значение выражения «faulty goods» - на английском языке.

ВАРИАНТ № 2

1.        Письменно переведите текст.

UNDERGROUND ECONOMY

Canada has an immense «underground есоnоmу». This does not refer simply to various, more or less traditional, criminal activities but the hidden transactions of legitimate businesses done in order to avoid paying tax. Estimates of the extent of this underground economy range to over 20% of the country's internal economy output. This is a staggering amount of taxes going unpaid. which means rates have to go up. This means people feel hard done by and so redouble their efforts to avoid paying. The car mechanic offers a tune-up, you offer to fix his plumbing; you stay at my B&B, I'll design you a brochure. The variations are infinite. There are even service - exchange clubs to join. All by word of mouth, of course.

Many transactions are done under the table, meaning paid for in cash with no bills, receipts, written guarantees or paperwork generated. Offering to pay cash usually results in a lower price as well as the tax saving. On top of this there is cross-border shopping done in the USA with goods brought back hidden in the trunk or under the sleeping baby with no duty paid. And then there is the lucrative smuggling of US liquor and cigarettes. Obviously, the government has a bit of a problem but solutions are difficult to find.

By far the largest part of the economy at a whopping 75% is in services which includes an enormous civil service. Banking, insurance, education, communication and consulting bring in foreign exchange.

2.        Ответьте на вопросы.

What is the aim of "underground economy"? What are the variations of the underground transactions? What do Canadians mean by "under the table "transactions? Is it easy to find solutions for economic problems? What is the source of foreign exchange? Does the problem of unpaid taxes exist in Russia?
Выпишите из текста Participle II и укажите способ образования.

4.        Преобразуйте предложения изменив глагол в Present Simple на Present Perfect и переведите.

The manager signs contracts. She spends a lot of money for her pets. Jim usually answeres the phone. They buy new equipment abroad. Tourists always go through the customs.

5.        Переведите на английский язык.

Цель теневой экономики - избежать уплаты налогов. Многие туристы хотят пересечь границу, не уплатив пошлину. Вы можете остановиться в нашей гостинице. Трудно найти решение этой проблемы. Уплати налоги и живи спокойно. Платить налоги - долг всех граждан.
Воссоздайте предложение, расставив знаки препинания (если это необходимо). Переведите.

the results / we will send you  /  as soon as possible / of the competition.

ВАРИАНТ №3

Письменно переведите текст.

THE US ECONOMY.

The United states economy is based on the free enterprise system: Private businesses compete against one another with relatively little interference from the government. Since the depression of the 1930s, when the economy essentially collapsed laws have been made giving the government a more active role in economic and other matters.

In the 1950s and 1960s, the US economy grew rapidly. Many companies moved to the South and Southwest, and these areas experienced change and growth, then, in the mid-1970s, economic growth began to slow down.

Just as there had been a shift from agriculture to industry, there is now a shift from industry to services. In recent years, most new jobs have been service jobs.

The United States is rich in natural resources. It is a leading producer of fuel and minerals, including copper, gold, aluminum, iron, and lead.

However, the USA is also a major consumer of resources. This means, for example, that the United States must import much of the fuel it uses.

Not surprisingly, international trade is important to the United States. Major exports include machinery, high-technology equipment, chemicals, cars, aircraft and grains. Major imports include machinery and telecommunications equipment, oil, cars, metals, and chemicals.

Today, the United States faces some major economic challenges. One important challenge is increasing its productivity, or the efficiency of the labour force, in order to increase the rate of economic growth. Another challenge, as the country shifts from manufacturing to services, is to train people to fill new kinds of jobs.

2. Ответьте на вопросы.

1 .What is the US economy based on?

What is the period of 1930s famous for? Is the USA both an importer and an exporter of resources? Does the USA face any economic problems? What can you say about US import? What does the USA export to Russia? Выпишите из текста Participle I и определите его функцию в предложении. Преобразуйте предложение, изменив глагол в Present Indefinite на Future Indefinite, используя следующие слова и выражения: next week, next month, in a moment, soon, later. Переведите полученные предложения. The manager hires office workers. These companies sell computers. I leave office at five o'clock. Operators put data into the computers. Owners of the computers buy many kinds of software.

5.        Переведите на английский.

Сфера обслуживания включает и себя банки, отели, адвокатские конторы и другие учреждения. Предприятия обслуживания предоставляют много рабочих мест. Потребители электроэнергии должны платить за нее вовремя. США экспортирует в Россию в основном продукты питания. Россия покупает за рубежом оборудование, автомобили и зерно. Найдите синонимы к словам:

Challenge         aircraft

Manufacturing  job

Collapse

  Вариант №4

1.        Письменно переведите текст

  Once you know the general area of your interests, consider that there are three ways you can serve consumer needs in that area: Making a product (manufacturing), selling a product (retail or wholesales), or providing a service. These are the three basic categories of business.

Of course, these categories overlap, but if you analyse the businesses you know, you'll see that one category predominates. For example, a meat - packing company, a supermarket, and McDonald's are all involved with hamburgers in some way, but for the meat packing company, production is the main activity; for supermarket, sales is the main activity. With McDonald's, classification is more complicated. Do they sell product (hamburgers) or a service (cooking the hamburgers and providing a place eat them)?  At one time, basic manufacturing was the main business of U. S. business. Today, service is rapidly becoming dominant. Service is involved in many large and profitable enterprises, including health care1), real estate2) (realtors don't ordinarily build and stock houses; they act as brokers between buyers and sellers), stock brokerage3), insurance, and such recent additions as computer programming and consulting.  Where might you fit in?4) 

Services are what busy people need done for them because they don't have the time to do it for themselves. It just a creative mind and some talent come up with a brand-new business in the service line5).

2.        Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

What are the three ways of serving consumer needs? What is the main activity for the meat-packing company? What is the main activity for supermarket? What is now becoming dominant? What docs service include?

3.        Переведите на английский язык

Наша фирма продает товары и услуги. Производство было основным видом деятельности. Много преуспевающих предприятий работают в сфере обслуживания. Учреждения здравоохранения представляет также платные услуги населению.

4.  Найдите в тексте причастия прошедшего времени (participle 2), выпишите фразу его содержащую. Определите функцию Participle 2.

Переведите на русский язык.
Economics is a subject that does not greatly respect one's wishes. (N. Khrusehev - Russian states man and premier of S. U.) Saving is a very fine thing. Especially when your parents have done it for you. (W. Churchill. English states man. Writer and prime minister.)

6.        Задайте 3 вопроса к предложению. Переведите его.

1) The firm had subsidiaries in Holland and

  ВАРИАНТ № 5

1.  Переведите текст письменно.

  Australian economy.

Australia is a relatively affluent, industrialized nation but much of its wealth still comes from agriculture and mining. It has a small domestic market and its manufacturing sector is comparative!).' weak. Australia produces 25% of the word's wool. Wool remains the biggest source of income accounting for five billion Australian dollars. Wool, beef, wheat dairy products and minerals account for about 85% of Australian exports.  Australia now leads the world in output of lead, zinc and has opened up major deposits of uranium, copper, coal, silver iron one, natural gas. A consequence of this boom has been a huge inflow of foreign capital, principally from the USA, Japan and Britain. One of the features of the socioeconomic development in Australia is that key areas of the economy are dominated by foreign capital.  By the middle of the 1980s export earnings of the industry had fallen because it turned out that Australian factories, which had for a long time been sheltered by protectionist barriers, were unable to produce competitive goods. And the Australians themselves prеffered to buy imported machine tools, computers, cars, household appliances and clothing.  Today, however, efforts are being made to increase Australia's international competitiveness. An important source of income is the tourism industry with the number of visitors rising each year.  Russian -- Australian trade relations were established about sixty years ago. We bought from the country wool and wheat. For many years the trade was rather one - sided as Australia's import from the country was small.

2.        Ответьте на вопросы.

  1.        Where does much of Australian wealth come from?

What does Australian export include? What does Australia lead the world in? What can you say about Russian - Australian trade relations? Why there has been a huge inflow of foreign capital? Найдите в тексте предложение в Past Perfect, выпишите его и подчеркните сказуемое. Преобразуйте предложение изменив глагол в Past Indefinite на Past Perfect, переведите.

Образец:        Our government took a long - term loan.

Our government had taken a long - term loan.

The company bought airplanes abroad. Mr. Brown ran a famous corporation. The broad of directors arranged a meeting for shareholders. The meeting discussed also the running expenses. We signed some contracts with foreign companies.

5.        Переведите на английский язык.

Австралия в основном сельскохозяйственная страна, а. промышленность сравнительно слабая. Австралийцы предпочитают импортные автомобили, компьютеры и одежду. Экспорт включает в себя шерсть, мясо, пшеницу. Экономическая политика нацелена на выпуск конкурентоспособных товаров. Наша страна расширяет торговлю и сотрудничество с Австралией. Туризм остается крупнейшим источником доходов государства.

6.        Составьте предложение из предложенных фраз. Переведите.

receiving / i would appreciate / on the proposed form / before January / your comments /

ВАРИАНТ 6

1.        Письменно переведите текст

  THE FUTURE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

As evidenced by the many different definitions, the term entrepreneurship means different things to different people. However, in spite of the differences, there are some common aspects: risk taking, creativity, dependence and rewards. These common aspects are supposed to be the driving force behind the notion of entrepreneurship in the future. One thing is clear—the future of entrepreneurship appears to be bright. We are living in the age of the entrepreneurship, with entrepreneurship endorsed by educational institutions, governmental units, society, and corporations. Entrepreneurial, education has never been so important in terms of
courses and academic research.

Various governments have also taken an increasing interest in promoting the growth of entrepreneurship. Individuals are encouraged to create new businesses and are provided such government support as tax incentives,

building.(space),roads and communication system - a strong government infrastructure—to facilitate this creation process, The encouragement by the federal and local governments is supposed to continue in the future as more lawmakers understand that new enterprises create jobs and increase the economic output in. an area.

2.        Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:

1. What aspects are common for entrepreneurship?

What is clear about the future of entrepreneurship? In what way are individuals encouraged to create new businesses? Why are the new businesses encouraged by federal and local governments?

3.        Переведите на английский язык.

1.        После того, как она закончила печатать письмо, она отправила его по факсу.

Мы приобрели новейшую модель компьютера. Самый лучший продавец получает самую высокую зарплату.         Она пришла в компанию в прошлом году в качестве торгового агента. Ввоз иностранной валюты в эту страну - не ограничен.
Найдите в тексте глаголы в Present Perfect, переведите их, укажите составляющие. Исключите из логического ряда одно из слов.
business        company  society        subsidiary service. .        outlet        premises  branch slogan '        fee        money        pay

6.        Переведите предложения. Поставьте 4 вопроса к предложению:

Payment will be made by letter of credit, He has worked for the company all his life.

  ВАРИАНТ 7

1.        Письменно переведите текст

ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ON THE UPSURGE

"Going into business for myself1' has long been part of the American Dream. Our political and economic system is one of free enterprise or capitalism. In a capitalist system individuals (alone or in groups), not the government, accumulate savings and invest them in the tools of production — factories, machinery, everything needed to produce products and services— in the hope of making a profit. Profit is what is left after all expenses of a business— including management compensation— have been deducted. Profit is your indicator that your business is succeeding. Profit is the business owner's personal reward for money, time, effort and creativity invested in the enterprise. The other side of profit is loss. In its simplest sense, entrepreneurship consists of risking the loss of money, time and effort in the hope — but without any guarantees — of profit. In a free enterprise system anyone who has the capital, the time, and the expertise to do so can embark on any business he or she chooses. Provided that you do not use another's name, product design, or trademark, you are free to compete with any existing business, just as you are free to start something entirely new. Nowadays, entrepreneurship— owning one's own business - is on the rise. But not all small businesses succeed. Many fail. Most business experts believe that the small enterprises that fail do so largely because their owners did not do enough planning. One point to remember is that no matter how carefully you plan your business, how great you believe your product or service is, or how vigorously you try to sell it, in the end the consumer, not you, will determine how successful you arc.

2.        Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

What can indicate that your business is succeeding? What is the entrepreneurship? Who determines how successful you are? Under what conditions are you free to start your business?

3.        Переведите на английский язык:

Если вы не будете использовать чужую фабричную марку, то вы можете открыть свое дело. Вы будете платить наличными или кредитной картой? Правительство не может обеспечить всех молодых работой. Им послали запросы на джинсовую одежду. Мы выбрали телефонную компанию, которая предлагает самые низкие расценки.
Выпишите из текста все слова, являющиеся Герундием. Переведите на русский язык. Переведите предложения, поставьте 4 вопроса к каждому
They used to pay cash for advertising. The wholesaler is the most expensive link in the chain of distribution.

6.        Исключите из логического ряда одно из слов.

salary        manager  salesman  employee promotion        export        pricing        packaging clause        client        contract  brochure

ВАРИАНТ 8

Письменно переведите текст

THE ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION PROCESS

For a person who actually starts his or her own business the experience is filled with enthusiasm, frustration, anxiety and hard work. There is a high failure rate due to such things as poor sales [lack of demand], immense competition, lack of capital, or lack of managerial ability. The financial and emotional risk can also be very high. What then, causes a person to make this difficult decision?

Many individuals have difficulty bringing their ideas to the market and creating a new venture. Yes, entrepreneurship and the actual entrepreneurial decision have resulted in several million new businesses being started throughout the world, even in previously controlled economies such as those of China, Hungary, Poland and Russia. While no one knows the exact number, in the United States (which leads the world in company creation) estimates indicate that from 1 to 2 million new companies have been created each year in recent years.

Indeed; millions of companies are created despite recession, inflation, high interest rates, lack of infrastructure, economic uncertainty, and the fear of failure. Each of these companies is created through a very personal human process that, although unique, has some characteristics common to all. Like all processes, the-entrepreneurial decision entails a movement, from something to something-a movement from a present life-style to creating a new enterprise.

2.        Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы.

Why is there a high failure rate of private business? Who leads the world in company creation? What has entrepreneurship resulted in? How many new companies have been created in USA in recent years?

3.        Найдите в тексте Participle I и Participle II, выпишите их, переведите на
русский язык.

4.        Переведите, на английский язык следующие, предложения.

Мы только что купили для офиса новый компьютер. Необходимо обсудить детали контракта до его отъезда. Товары доставляются всегда вовремя, Цена наших акций резко упала. Если они не примут наши условия, мы не подпишем контракт.

5.        Исключите из логического ряда одно из слов.

broker  stock  .  commission        plan coin        banknote  research        check assistant  desk        deputy        subordinate

6.        Переведите предложения. Поставьте 4 вопроса к каждому.

The company that we chose offered us a discount. He has filled in the application form.

Вариант 9

1.        Письменно переведите текст.

  TYPES OF STARTS-UPS

So, the decision to create a new company is made. What types of companies there exist? While there are many classification systems, one that is most useful divides starts-ups into the categories: life­style firms, foundation companies and high-potential ventures.

Alive - style (home) firm is a private enterprise. It usually achieves only modest grout due to the nature of the business, the objectives of the enterpreneur and the limited money. This type of firm may grow after several years to 30 or 40 employees and have annual revenues of about $2million. A life­style firm exists primarily to support the owners and usually has little opportunity for significant growth and expansion.

The second type of start-up-the foundation company (innovation enterprise) for a new industry. This firm can grow in 5 to 10 years from 40 to 400 employees and from $10 million to $20 million in annual revenues. Since this type of start-up rarely goes public, it usually draws the interest of private investors only.

The third type of start-up - the high potential venture - is the one that receives the greatest investment interest and publicity (investors are striving to invest money in it). While the company may start out like a foundation company, its growth is far more rapid. After 5 to 10 years the company could employ around 500 emloyees with $20 million to $30 million in annual revenues. The company usually shortly becomes a public limited company.

2.        Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

What are all start-ups divided into? What is the aim of a life-style firm? How great can be annual revenues of the foundation companies? Does a high potential company usually become a public limited company?

3.        Переведите на английский язык

Ежегодно фирма платит свыше 10 млн. налогов. Компания имеет филиалы и дочерние предприятия за рубежом. Они обсуждали 2 часа условия контракта. Ни у управляющего, ни у его заместителей нет времени для встречи с делегацией. Фирма повысила цену на 15%.
Найдите в тексте модельные глаголы и выпишите фразы содержащие их. Переведите. Исключите из логического ряда одно из слов
trade        business        redundant        turnover interest  repaument  loan        shareholder venture  company  partnership  overheads

6.        Переведите предложения. Задайте как можно больше вопросов.

They have just bought a new computer for the office. Money is changed at a bank.

ВАРИАНТ 10

1.        Письменно переведите текст

POSSIBILITY OF NEW VENTURE CREATION

To have a desire to become an entrepreneur is not enough. There must be possibilities. So the question is: What makes it possible to create a new company? Several factors may exist-government support, professional background, marketing experience, initial finances, and role models.

The government contributes by providing the infrastructure to support a new venture. When we speak about infrastructure, we mean roads, communication and transportation systems, utilities and so on. It is no wonder that more companies are created in the United States because of highly developed infrastructure and economic stability compared with other countries. Even the U. S. tax rate for companies and individuals is less than in many countries. Countries that have high tax rate, particularly for individuals, can suppress company creation because a significant monetary gain cannot be achieved, but the financial, and social risks are still present.

Marketing experience also plays a critical role in creating a new company. The only presence of an idea to create a new product or service is not enough. For successful product launching to the market there should also be a certain practical knowledge of marketing (so called know-how) necessary to choose the best total combination of product, price, distribution, and promotion. Accompany is more successful if there is a market demand rather than a demonstration of technological capabilities of the producer.

2.        Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

What helps to create a new-company? What do we mean speaking about infrastructure? Is the US fax rate high? What is the best way for successful product launching? 3.        Переведите на английский язык: Компания, которая рекламирует свою продукцию, продает больше товара. Эти документы не передаются по факсу. Мы обсудим условия оплаты завтра. Если мы не завершим проект во время, мы не получим другие правительственные контракты. Наш представитель обсудит с вами детали, когда приедет к вам на будущей неделе. Найдите в тексте Герундий, выпишите, переведите на русский язык. Исключите из логического ряда одно из слов.
talks        negotiations        operations        discussions company  network        firm        corporation plunge        plummet        fall        increase

6.        Переведите предложения, поставьте 4 вопроса к каждому.

Private enterprises provide 75 percent of jobs. This consignment of coffee was imported from Brazil.

Литература:

1.        , Смирнов язык для средних специальных учебных заведений. Учебник. - М.: Высшая школа, 2001. Гущина Т„И. Английский язык для специальностей текстильной и легкой промышленности ссузов. - М.: Высшая школа 2001. Жебит язык для пищевых и торговых специальностей ссузов. - М.: Высшая школа, 2001.

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