Контрольная работа для студентов заочного отделения
по курсу «Деловой английский»
Основной целью курса «Деловой английский» является развитие у студентов практических навыков использования английского языка для профессионального общения в сфере бизнеса и экономики, развитие социокультурной компетенции, а именно умения участвовать в коммуникации в соответствии с нормами, принятыми в деловом мире, с учетом особенностей других культур.
Данное контрольное задание предназначено для студентов 2-го курса заочного отделения экономических специальностей. Задание рассчитано на один семестр.
Контрольная работа состоит из 2 основных модулей, первый из которых включает в себя 3 текста экономического содержания, к каждому тексту прилагаются четко обозначенные задания. Во втором модуле представлены задания более практической направленности, т. е. ситуации реальной деловой коммуникации.
Для того чтобы успешно выполнить контрольную работу, необходимо:
1. Повторить грамматический материал, усвоенный на предыдущих этапах обучения, а именно:
- времена глагола в активном и пассивном залогах
- модальные глаголы
- простые и сложные предложения
- неличные формы английского глагола.
2. В случае необходимости консультироваться со словарем и рекомендуемой литературой. Основная лексика представлена после каждого текста, литература - в конце всего контрольного задания.
3. При возникновении трудностей проконсультироваться с преподавателем.
4. Сдать к указанному кафедрой сроку.
Модуль 1.
Текст 1.
1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст:
The Market Economy
Have you ever walked through a busy street market? People push their way through crowds of others in order to reach the stalls first. The air is full of deafening shouts. Stall owners yell to advertise their goods. Buyers cry out their orders. It’s hard to imagine, but behind this noisy confusion is a very logical economic theory: the market economy.
The market economy is sometimes called the free market. A free market is not controlled in any way by the government. It is also free from the influence of custom or tradition. In a free market, the only reason why things are bought and sold is because there is a demand for them. Prices for goods and services are simply what people are prepared to pay. The market economy is not really controlled by anyone. It controls itself.
The street market has many of the characteristics of the free market. Customers arrive at the market with a shopping list of things they need. They also come with an idea of how much they are prepared to pay. Stall owners sell what customers demand, and try to get the highest price they can for pply and demand control what is on the market and how much it sells for. In the wider economy, we are all customers, and the stall owners are like companies.
The role of the company in the free market is to supply what people want. However, companies need an incentive. The incentive is profit. There are two ways for companies to make a profit. The first way is to raise their prices. The second way is to reduce their production costs. And this brings us to two more features of the market economy: competition and technology.
Competition exists in a free market because, theoretically, anyone can be a producer. This means that companies have to compete with each other for a share of the petition is good for consumers because it helps to control prices and quality. If customers aren’t happy with a product or service, or if they can’t afford it, they will go to a competitor.
Technology exists in a free market because producers need ways to reduce their costs. They cannot buy cheaper raw materials. Instead, they must make better use of time and labor. Technology is the use of tools and machines to do jobs in a better way. This helps companies produce more goods in less time and with less effort. The result: more profit.
People often think that most economies are free markets. However, at the macroeconomic level, a truly free market economy does not exist anywhere in the world. This is because all governments set limits in order to control the economy. Some governments set many limits, other governments set very few, but they all set some. For this reason, a true market economy is only theoretical. Nevertheless, many of the features of the market economy do exist in most societies today.
Vocabulary:
street market – уличный рынок
a stall owner – владелец прилавка/палатки/ларька
supply and demand – предложение и спрос
competition – соревнование, конкуренция
to advertise goods – рекламировать товары
incentive – стимул
costs – стоимость, издержки производства
raw materials – сырье
Ответьте на следующие вопросы: Who controls a market economy? Who decides what products are for sale in a free market? What do companies want? Why is competition a good thing? Why does technology exist in the market economy? Why are there no true market economies in the world today?
Найдите в правой колонке антонимы к словам в левой колонке, и соотнесите их: The market economy a. to suffer losses to buy b. the planned economy demand c. supply to make a profit d. low high (price/quality) e. to sell to reduce f. to raise
Используя данные слова, заполните пропуски в предложениях и переведите предложения: afford
petition
C. incentive
D. costs
E. advertise
Making money is the main … to work. Production … are the amount of money companies spend to make a product. I can’t … this car – it’s too expensive. If there is only one producer in the market, there is no … . Businesses … their products in the media to attract more customers.
1) Найдите во втором абзаце и выпишите предложения со сказуемыми в пассивном залоге, подчеркните и укажите время.
2)Составьте 4-5 предложений в различных временах пассивного залога, используя слова из заданий 3 и 4.
Составьте таблицу из 2 колонок; в первой укажите преимущества, во второй – недостатки рыночной экономики.
Текст 2.
1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст:
Unemployment
There will always be a certain amount of unemployment in the economy. When economists talk about full employment they mean that everyone who can work and wants to work has got a job. Able workers who are not working are simply not happy with the salaries that are offered – or just can’t be bothered!
However, economies rarely reach full employment. There are a number of reasons for this, and a number of different types of unemployment. One of these is cyclical unemployment. This type of unemployment varies with the growth and recession cycle of the economy. As the economy grows, demand for labor grows and unemployment falls. As the economy contracts, unemployment grows.
A second kind of unemployment is structural unemployment. This occurs when changing public tastes or advances in technology cause a fall in demand for some types of work. For example, computer technology has revolutionized the printing industry, and many traditional printers’ jobs have become obsolete. Sometimes whole regions of a country suffer from high structural unemployment. The north-east of England, for example, was famous for many years for its shipbuilding petition from abroad forced many shipyards to close. This caused huge unemployment in the region.
How long structural unemployment lasts will depend on two things. Firstly, how easily the workforce can retrain for new jobs. This may be difficult for older workers who find it hard to learn new skills. There is also the question of who pays for the training. The second issue is mobility. Workers who are able to relocate easily to another part of the country will find new jobs more quickly.
There are two other kinds of unemployment which we should mention here. These are less serious, perhaps, but they are still difficult for governments to get rid of. The first is frictional unemployment. This is a natural kind of unemployment that occurs when someone leaves a job and is looking for another one that suits them. Frictional unemployment often happens because people want to leave their job in order to change careers. Few people walk straight into another job. However, when the economy is in recession, frictional unemployment will be more common because jobs are harder to find.
The second kind is seasonal unemployment. Some industries have busy periods and periods when there is no work at all. Some freelance farm workers, for example, get most of their work in the spring and summer. Like structural unemployment, seasonal unemployment can affect whole regions of a country. Areas that rely on summer tourism, for example, suffer serious unemployment during the autumn and winter months.
Vocabulary:
full employment – полная занятость
unemployment – безработица
recession – экономический спад
relocate – переезжать, перемещаться
can’t be bothered – лениться, не удосужиться
occur – случаться, происходить
Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Structural/seasonal unemployment happens regularly every year. Structural/seasonal unemployment happens because of the advances in technology. Cyclical/frictional unemployment may happen because someone wants it. Cyclical/frictional unemployment happens because of changes in economic growth. Full employment often/seldom occurs in the economy.
Соотнесите английские слова и выражения в левой колонке с их русскими эквивалентами в правой колонке: employment a. заработная плата recession b. экономический спад salary c. занятость advances in technology d. внештатный сотрудник freelancer e. технический прогресс
Используя данные слова, заполните пропуски в предложениях и переведите предложения: relocate retrain mobility tastes can’t be bothered
Your … is your ability to move from one place to another. When a company … to another part of the country or abroad, many workers lose their jobs. People’s … in clothes change with fashion and their age. If you … to do something, you just don’t feel like doing it. If you lose your job due to mechanization, you may have to go to college and … for something else.
1) Найдите в четвертом абзаце и выпишите предложения с модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами.
2)Составьте 4-5 предложений, используя модальные глаголы и слова из заданий 3 и 4.
Составьте небольшой рассказ (7-8 предложений) с описанием того, какие типы безработицы актуальны на данный период в России.
Текст 3.
Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст:
International Trade
There are plenty of incentives for a country to have an open economy. Exports increase the size of the market for producers. Imports stimulate competition in local markets and provide a wider choice for consumers. These are good reasons for international trade. However, another important reason for trading is to exploit advantages. Economists talk about two types of advantage that an economy can have over others: absolute advantage and comparative advantage.
An economy has absolute advantage when it can produce goods at a lower cost than other economies can, or they have resources that others don’t have. For example, warm Mediterranean countries have an absolute advantage in the production of olive oil. Many countries in Asia have an absolute advantage in manufacturing electronic goods. Clearly, it makes sense for countries with absolute advantages to trade with each other.
The second kind of advantage is comparative advantage. This happens when an economy can produce something at a lower opportunity cost than other economies can. Remember, that the opportunity cost of something is what you have to give up in order to have it. For example, imagine that country A makes two things with its resources: clothes and furniture. If it wants to increase the production of clothes, it must decrease its production of furniture. This loss is the opportunity cost.
Now imagine that country B also makes clothes and furniture, but it makes less of both than country A. In other words, country A has an absolute advantage over country B in clothes and furniture. However, country B can increase its production of clothes with only a small opportunity cost in furniture. This means that country B has a comparative advantage over country A in the production of clothes.
But why would country A want to trade with country B? What benefit would they gain? In fact, both countries can benefit by specializing. If country A produces only furniture and country B produces only clothes, both countries will be making best use of their available trading in this way, production of both products increases. In turn, this increases the economic welfare of both countries.
Despite all the advantages of having an open economy, countries sometimes restrict trade with other countries. For example, governments may charge tariffs on imports. These are taxes which make imports more expensive than locally produced products. Governments may also restrict the amount of imports entering the country. This kind of restriction is called an import quota. Since international trade has so many benefits, why would countries want to restrict trade in this way? There must be some very good reasons!
Vocabulary:
good reasons – веские/серьезные причины
absolute advantage – абсолютное преимущество
comparative advantage – сравнительное/относительное преимущество
opportunity cost - альтернативная стоимость, цена возможности
to restrict trade – ограничивать торговлю
in turn – в свою очередь
incentive – стимул, побудительный мотив
Укажите, верным (true) или неверным (false) являются утверждения. Если утверждение не соответствует содержанию текста, исправьте его:
Imports can be good for an economy. (T/F) A country’s natural resources can give an absolute advantage over other countries. (T/F) A country with an absolute advantage will always have a comparative advantage, too. (T/F) A small economy can have a comparative advantage over a larger economy. (T/F) Specialising in one area of trade will give a country a comparative advantage. (T/F)
Соотнесите слова и словосочетания с их определениями:
opportunity cost comparative advantage absolute advantage tariffs import quota a situation when a country can produce goods at a lower cost than other economies can. a situation when an economy can produce something at a lower opportunity cost than other economies can. is what you have to give up in order to have it. taxes making imports more expensive than locally produced goods. restriction on the amount of imports entering the country.
Используя данные слова, заполните пропуски в предложениях и переведите предложения: exploit restrict incentive stimulate tariffs
All countries try to … the natural resources that they have. … are a kind of tax that the government puts on imported goods. Low interest rates can help to … the economy and make it grow. Governments sometimes need to … the flow of imports and exports. A rise in salary is an … to make people work harder.
Составьте 4-5 предложений в разных временах активного и пассивного залогов, используя слова и словосочетания из заданий 3 и 4.
Составьте небольшое эссе-рассуждение, почему правительства разных стран устанавливают ограничения на свободную торговлю с другими странами.
Модуль 2.
Social English
1.a) Ознакомьтесь с выражениями, которые используются в различных ситуациях делового общения:
Congratulations! I don’t mind.
Cheers! Excuse me.
Make yourself at home. Sorry.
Help yourself. It’s on me.
I’m afraid…
Please…
Could you …?
That sounds good.
b) Что бы вы сказали в следующих ситуациях? По каждому случаю напишите 1-2 предложения, используя выражения из предыдущего пункта. Предложения переведите:
You don’t hear someone’s name when you are introduced to them. You have to refuse an invitation to dinner with a supplier. You are offered food you hate. You have to greet a visitor. You offer to pay for a meal. Your colleague has been made redundant.
Managing arrangements on the phone
a) Ознакомьтесь с выражениями:
Making arrangements
Could we meet on Monday at 10.30?
Are you free sometime next week?
How about next Friday?
What about April 10th?
Would Wednesday at 2p. it you?
Is 11.15 convenient?
Changing arrangements
I’m afraid I can’t come on Friday/then.
We’ve got an appointment for 11.00, but I’m afraid something’s come up.
Could we fix another time?
Responding
That’ll be fine.
That’s OK.
No sorry, I can’t make it then.
My diary’s rather full that day/week.
Sorry, I’ve already got an appointment at that time.
b) Переведите диалог на русский язык:
- Good morning CPT. How may I help you? I’d like to speak to Maria Bonetti, extension 281, please. Thank you. Who is calling, please? It’s Phillipa Knight, from The Fashion Group. Thank you. I’m putting you through. Hello, I’m afraid, she’s engaged at the moment. Will you hold or can I take a message? I’ll leave a message, please. The thing is, I should be meeting Ms Bonetti at 2 p. m., but something’s come up. My plane was delayed, and I’ve got to reschedule my appointments. If possible, I’d like to meet her tomorrow. Preferably in the morning. Could she call me back here at the hotel, please? Certainly. What’s the number, please? It’s 020 7428 5384. I’ll be leaving the hotel soon, so if she can’t call me back within, say, the next quarter of an hour, I’ll call her again this morning. Is that OK? Right. I’ve got that. I’ll make sure she gets the message. Thanks for your help. Goodbye. Goodbye.
c) Составьте диалог по образцу с использованием выражений (п.1.а)) по заданной ситуации:
Person A is a company employee who has arranged to meet a colleague from one of the subsidiaries.
Person B cannot keep the appointment, gives a reason and suggests an alternative time.
A Letter of Application
1.а) Переведите образец письма-заявления о приеме на работу. Обратите внимание на требования к оформлению деловых писем (место даты, адреса, части письма, стиль написания и т. д.)
January 1, 2002
Janet Harkins
5624 Oxford Ave
Suite 98
Alexandria, OH 45440-0195
Dear Ms. Harkins,
Your ad in the _______________ edition of _______________ for a _______________ caught my attention and interest. It appears that my professional qualifications and career interests are very much in line with your requirements.
I am most impressed with the growth that your company has accomplished in such a short period of time. It is obviously an exciting time to be part of _______________ (company). If you'll take a moment to review my enclosed resume, I believe you will see that I have the necessary skills to assist your company reach its stated goals.
I am very interested in scheduling an interview at your earliest convenience, and further discussing my qualifications in detail. I will call you in a few days.
Sincerely,
Jonathan Sammuels
b) Составьте свое письмо-заявление по данному образцу, учитывая все требования к составлению официальных писем.
Литература:
“English Grammar in Use”, Intermediate.
Raymond Murphy. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
«Учебник английского языка», , .Издательство «Высшая школа», Москва, 1989.
«Грамматика. Сборник упражнений», Ю. Голицынский.Издательство «Каро», С. Петербург, 2003.
Economic Considerations”, Advanced.Thomas Cral, USA, 1994.
“Macmillan Guide to Economics”. Lilia Raitskaya, Stuart Cochrane, 2007. “Market Leader Intermediate New edition”. Longman, 2005.