Задания

1. Повторите времена группы Indefinite (Simple). Перепишите и переве-дите предложения на русский язык, подчеркнуть глаголы.

1) At the very end of the 18th century one English engineer made a small lo-comotive which ran on an ordinary road. 2) The Trans-Siberian Railway plays a very important part in the economic development of our country because it carries a large volume of traffic. 3) In 1957 our country gave birth to the world’s first ice-breaker with an atomic engine for the operation in Arctic waters. 4) The Lugansk lo-comotive-building plant produces powerful diesel locomotives. 5) Rivers and moun-tains, cold winters and hot summers made the building of the BAM Railway a very hard job for the railway workers.

2. Повторите степени сравнения прилагательных. Перепишите и пере-ведите предложения на русский язык, подчеркнуть прилогательные.

1) We will operate more powerful locomotives and have more comfortable cars in the future. 2) In 1830, Peter Cooper, an American, constructed a steam locomotive which could develop a higher speed than other engines at that time. 3) Railway elec-trification attracts more attention of transport engineers in the countries facing the en-ergy crises. 4) For many years London’s Underground was the most popular means of public transport in the city. 5) During the last century the street traffic in big cities be-came much heavier because of the rapid development of public transport.

3. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык, подчеркнуть 2 существительных, 2 местоимения, 2 глагола, 2 прилогательных, 2числительных(если есть).

RAILWAY TRANSPORT

Railways play a very important part in the national economy of a country be-cause the economical and political development of a country depends on a wide network of transportation systems. Although we have faster and more modern means of communication and transport, railways are still the safest and most popular means of transportation.

The early railways were not like the railways we have today. The very first railways used horses for drawing trains and were put into operation for transporting such products as coal, ore and timber. One of the first attempts to use the steam en-gine to draw passenger and freight trains was made in 1808 by Richard Trevithick, and Englishman, who demonstrated his working model in London. He built the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive which ran on a circular track of iron rails. For a shilling the public could travel in a carriage drawn by the steam engine. The locomotive was called «Catch-me-who-can», and people could really catch it because it very slow. But one day a rail broke and the locomotive overturned, ending Trevithick’s career as an inventor.

In 1829, George Stephenson, an English inventor and engineer, built a suc-cessful steam locomotive which he called the «Rocket». This locomotive was much smaller and lighter than the later locomotives, and it was much slower. However, it could draw a small train of loaded cars on the railway and developed a speed of 21 kilometers per hour. The invention of the locomotive made the railway the most im-portant of all means of transportation.

Stephenson not only constructed the world’s first steam locomotive but he was also the builder of the first public railway which used both steam and horses in England. It is difficult for modern people to imagine the opposition to the building of the early railroads. At that time most people did not believe that it was possible to make locomotives suitable for service. Many of them were afraid of the railways when they first appeared and did all in their power to stop railway construction. However, in 1824 the steam-powered railways were already in wide use in England.

4. Ответьте письменно на вопросы, на русском языке

1) Why do railways play a very important part in the national economy of a country?

2) What did the very first railways transport?

3) What did Richard Trevithick, and Englishman, invent?

4) How much was the speed of the locomotive the «Rocket»?

5) Who was the builder of the first public railway in England?

5. Выпишите предложения, в которых причастия выполняют функцию определения.

1) Constructing the Moscow Underground the workers encountered many dif-ficulties. 2) Vehicles moving in the tube will have smaller power losses. 3) This road serves the city handling 50.000 passengers a day. 4) The steam locomotive invented by G. Stephenson developed a low speed. 5) Stephenson invented his locomotive in the 19th century.

6. Выпишите и переведите на русский язык предложения в Present Perfect.

1) The pound has fallen against the dollar. 2) Have you finished the translation yet? 3) In the year 1620, a ship named the ‘Mayflower’ brought 120 Englishmen to the coast of America. 4) Have you ever seen a film in which a train crashed or a ship sank? 5) New Japanese trains have built – in flat tube TVs. 6) They have rebuilt some coaches. 7) The railroad has influenced the development of any country.

7. Выпишите и переведите на русский язык предложения в Present Con-tinuous.

1) I know you are taking an advanced course in information now. 2) He took an advanced course in information last year. 3) Scientists in different countries are working to explain this difficulty. 4) We usually receive about 50 calls a day, but we are getting a lot more at the moment. 5) A booking office clerk is helping a passen-ger to plan a journey.

8. Прочтите и переведите текст на русский язык.

CHANGES IN JAPANESE RAILWAY SYSTEM

Real changes in Japanese railway system were aimed at providing trouble –free changes from trains to other forms of transport or to trains belonging to other railway companies. Efforts are also being made to raise standards of service for pas-sengers both on trains and at stations. The modern terminals provide excellent links between trains, buses and monorails. It is easy to make change from long distance to local trains. New rail routes offer direct travel to tourist resorts and theme parks. The service provided by railway companies has become more helpful and friendly. Booking office clerks help travellers plan their journeys. Old customers can enjoy a wide choice of trips at reduced prices and recently introduced car + train and train + hire car travel plans allow the tourist to combine car travel with a train journey. More attention is now paid to the actual trains. .Some coaches have been rebuilt and re – designed as public saloons, bars, sightseeing cars. Some trains offer individual compartments, something new on Japanese trains, and entertainment facilities, for example, built – in flat – tube TVs and audio equipment.

9. Выпишите из текста и переведите на русский язык предложения со-держащие конструкции в Passive Voice.

10. Закончите предложения, выбрав правильный вариант из текста.

1) Real changes in Japanese railway system were aimed at providing trouble - free changes …

2) The modern terminals provide excellent links …

3) Booking office clerks help travellers …

4) Some coaches have been rebuilt and re-designed …

5) Some trains offer individual compartments, something new on Japanese trains …