Кафедра лингвистики и профессиональной коммуникации на иностранных языках
Магистерская программа «Иностранные языки и межкультурная коммуникация»
Направление «035700 - Лингвистика»
Примерная программа
вступительного теста по английскому языку
Екатеринбург
2011 г.
1. Общие принципы
Тестирование по английскому языку проводится для определения уровня владения английским языком. Тест предполагает использование комплексного компетентностного подхода к подбору языкового материала для тестирования. Содержание теста соответствует государственным образовательным стандартам высшего профессионального образования. Полученные результаты позволят отобрать абитуриентов магистерских лингвистических программ с уровнем языковой компетенции "intermediate" и выше (уровень B2) общеевропейской шкалы языковой компетенции.
2. Содержание вступительного теста
2.1. Тестируются следующие виды коммуникативных компетенций:
Лингвистическая компетенция (владение определенным объемом знаний, умений и опыта в области лексики, грамматики и фонетики, необходимых для иноязычного общения на профессиональном уровне); Языковая компетенция (знание единиц языка и правил их соединения и связи); Социокультурная компетенция (знания национально-культурной специфики иноязычного речевого поведения, знакомство с элементами социокультурного контекста); Социолингвистическая компетенция (умение выбрать и использовать адекватные языковые формы и средства в зависимости от цели и ситуации общения, от социальных ролей участников коммуникации); Компенсаторная компетенция (способность решать поставленные коммуникативные задачи различной степени сложности с использованием ограниченных языковых средств); Информационная компетенция (умение искать, анализировать, преобразовывать, применять информацию для решения профессиональных проблем).2.2. Ниже приводятся приблизительный перечень языковых умений по английскому языку, тестируемых при поступлении в магистратуру по направлению «Лингвистика» в рамках коммуникативной компетенции:
2.3. Тестируемая грамматика покрывает все поле грамматических явлений, находящихся в пределах уровня B2 общеевропейской шкалы языковой компетенции. Особенное внимание в тесте уделяется следующим аспектам, традиционно вызывающим затруднения у русско-говорящих абитуриентов:
Неправильные глаголы (cost, spread, cast, lie, lay etc). V-ing vs. toV. Конструкции used to, be used to, get used to. Употребление времен после After, as soon as, before, by the time etc. Лексические трудности (conscious, consciousness, conscience, conscientious etc). Исчисляемые-неисчисляемые (advice, knowledge, permission etc). Наречия VS прилагательные (lovely, likely, cowardly etc). Инверсия (например, после rarely, not once, not until, never etc). Степени сравнении (Father-further, easier etc).10) Условные конструкции.
3. Структура вступительного теста
3.3. Вторая часть – два задания на проверку владения языковой компетенцией в области грамматики и лексики. Время выполнения задания - 40 минут. В заданиях необходимо выбрать нужный лексический и грамматический вариант из нескольких предложенных.
4. Критерии оценки
Раздел | Параметры оценки результата |
Чтение | Адекватность восприятия и обработки прочитанной информации в соответствии с нормами грамматики и стилистики английского языка |
Связность и логичность текста, богатство лексического и синтаксического варьирования | |
Умение пользоваться общественно-популярной лексикой | |
Знание общественно-популярной лексики | Богатство лексического запаса |
Адекватность лексического выражения | |
Знание грамматики | Грамматическая корректность |
Употребление сложных грамматических конструкций |
5. Образцы заданий по разделам
1. Чтение текста на понимание
А. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А1-А6, выбрав из предложенных вариантов подходящий по смыслу. Только один вариант считается правильным.
Nanotechnologу
Imagine a world where microscopic medical implants patrol our arteries, diagnosing and fighting disease, where computer chips are no bigger than dust.
All this is possible with nanotechnology, a science and engineering at the scale of atoms and molecules. It is the use of materials so tiny that nothing can be any smaller. Nanomaterials are typically between 0.1 and 100 nanometres (nm) in size - with 1 nm being equivalent to one billionth of a metre (10-9 m). Materials of this size display unusual physical and chemical properties.
The idea of nanotechnology as a science was born in 1959 when physicist Richard Feynman gave a lecture exploring the idea of building materials at the atomic and molecular scale. He imagined the entire Encyclopaedia Britannica written on the head of a pin.
Nanotechnology is not as new as it may seem. Unaware, people have made use of some unusual properties of materials at the nanoscale for centuries. Tiny particles of gold for example, can appear red or green - a property that has been used to colour stained glass windows for over 1000 years. Nanotechnology is found elsewhere today in products ranging from nanometre-thick films on "self-cleaning" windows to pigments in sunscreens and lipsticks.
However, experimental nanotechnology did not come into its own until 1981, when IBM scientists in Zurich, Switzerland, built the first scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) which allows us to see single atoms. In 1990, IBM scientists discovered how to use an STM to move atoms around. That's when the real 'building' from atoms started.
Other significant advances were made in 1991, when chemists discovered how to create a tiny, super-strong balls of carbon atoms known as carbon nanotubes. They are lighter, yet 100 times stronger than ch materials are important as nanoscale building blocks. Nanotubes have been used to create tough plastics, computer chips, toxic gas detectors, and numerous other new materials. More recently, scientists have created a lot of other devices, including: nano-robots, nano-thermometer, nano-guitar, nano-pen, nano-iron, etc.
In the far future such materials may be used to build a space elevator from the Earth to a space station or even to the Moon.
Researchers are also finding ways to put DNA, viruses and bacteria and other micro-organisms to work in building nanomaterials. Biochemists are hoping to use viruses as "nanocameras" to get a clearer picture of what is going on inside cells. In medicine, we are already seeing research on new ways of directing drugs to sick organs and growing new organs.
In environmental science nanotechnology is providing ways to detect and filter bacteria and toxins out of water supplies and clear up heavy metal and organic chemical pollution. Nanoscience has already benefited the environment with a device which fights pollution the world over. In military technology scientists are developing new light equipment and weapons and battle-suits to provide camouflage. In computing nano-science may lead to smaller or more powerful microchips with unbelievably tiny hard discs. Some experiments have even shown that it might be possible to manufacture tiny parts for computers inside bacteria.
Despite all the use it can bring, nanotechnology has generated criticism from environmental groups and some others critics, who fear as-yet-unknown risks to human health and the environment. They have called for a moratorium on research, arguing that we know little about the effects of nanotechnology and can’t control them.
In 1986, Eric Drexler - who first used the word 'nanotechnology' - wrote one possible scenario in his book 'Engines of Creation'. Drexler started fears of nanotechnology by painting a future where nano-robots get out of order, destroying life on earth and turning everything to a 'grey goo'. However, nanotechnology advocates fail to understand these worries.
A1 |
Nanotechnology is known
1) since 1981.
2) since 1959.
3) since 1000 years ago.
4) since 1986.
A2 |
Nanotechnology got first practical results after
1) scientists learned to move atoms.
2) scientists saw single atoms.
3) scientists created a special microscope to see atoms.
4) scientists created nanotubes.
А3 |
With nanotechnology viruses can
1) go inside cells.
2) carry tiny cameras inside cells.
3) help us understand processes in cells.
4) build nanomaterials inside cells.
A4 |
With advances in computer technology
1) bacterias will be able to manufacture parts of computers.
2) parts of computers will be the size of bacteria.
3) you may not see a computer with a naked eye.
4) there will be computers inside bacterias.
A5 |
Nanomaterials may
1) have toxic effects.
2) be hard to control.
3) pollute the environment.
4) have unpredictable effects.
A6 |
Nanotechnology has sparked criticism because critics think
1) it is connected with great risks.
2) we don't know how it may change the world.
3) we can not control its development.
4) it may destroy the world.
Б. Прочитайте текст с пропусками. Выберите из предложенных вариантов А-G подходящий для заполнения пропусков 1-6. Один из вариантов лишний.
Robert Burns Day in Scotland
Robert Burns’ suppers are traditionally held from the 25th of January to the end of the month in Scotland. Those suppers are not just a get-together but involve rituals, 1 _______. For instance, there is one ritual that is always held. One has to take a bagpipe to march into a hall playing his pipes. This person should also carry a haggis, 2 _______.
3 _______, he recites Burns’ poem to a haggis and cuts the haggis in a particular way 4 _______. A poem 'To the Lasses' is almost always recited on this occasion and a selected speaker will talk about life of Robert Burns and his importance in our life. It is interesting to note that Burn's fans resent the fact that schools do not teach pupils enough about Burns. They complain that many young people grow up 5 _______. They complain bitterly that Burns is more likely to be learnt by Russian rather than Scottish pupils.
Many people are unhappy about these suppers. Why speak to the haggis as if it were a living creature? Why do we have to honour Burns in just one way? It is unlikely that Burns would approve of such formality. Nevertheless, it is a fact that Burns’ suppers are celebrated strictly in the same way. So the problem is that they are so highly formalized and ritualized 6 _______.
A. which is a Scottish dish made from sheep
B. without having read any of his poems
C. which are taken seriously
D. that they appear utterly absurd to some people
E. while a person carries a haggis
F. that it is difficult to understand them
G. without it slipping on to the floor
II. Задания на знание грамматики и лексики
В. Прочитать предложения и выбрать из предложенных вариантов подходящее по смыслу слово для заполнения пропусков.
1. The problem is that there’s nothing we can do about it; we’re completely _____________.
2. You’re so __________: you’re always dropping things.
3. I love to watch good ballet dancers: they’re so _____________.
4. His problem is that he always does exactly what people tell him to do: he’s just so ___________.
5. The situation out there is ___________. More and more people are dying every day.
6. I believe what he says because he’s always been ___________in the past.
| powerless | powerful | empowered |
| careful | uncared | careless |
| gracioso | graceless | graceful |
| insubmissive | submittal | submissive |
| dreadfully | dreadful | dreadnought |
| truelove | true-blue | truthful |
Г. Заполните в тексте пропуски подходящей грамматической формой, выбрав из предложенных в скобках.
Vanuatu
Vanuatu is a string of 82 small islands of volcanic origin, 65 of which are inhabited, in the Pacific Ocean east of Australia. The Republic of Vanuatu as an independent state appeared on the map of the world on July 30, 1980. Before this time it was a colony called the New Hebrides. It was under the dual rule - British and French as a result of compromises that the colonists 1________(reach). Streets at that time were lined with two flags: British and French. While the British policeman, called bobby, in his typical helmet 2________(patrol) streets, he was followed by an agent in shorts with a typical French military cap on his head. Portraits of the British Queen hang side by side with photographs of the French President in banks. The school system was divided depending on the language: English or French.
The changes that 3________(take) place in the country since it acquired its
independence affect almost all aspects of life. The country's economy 4___________(develop) quickly now by elected self-government bodies that
5__________ (set) up in the country. Big shortage of drinking water has become the most serious problem. Freshwater 6 ___________(become) increasingly scarce nowadays and a lot of areas around rivers 7 ________(deforest)
which causes problem.
