3.4 Вариант 3
3.4.1 Прочтите и устно переведите текст.
GEOLOGY
(1) Geology is the scientific study of Earth. Geologists study the planet, its formation, its internal structure, its materials, its chemical and physical processes, and its history. (6)Mountains, valleys, plains, sea floors, minerals, rocks, fossils, and the processes that create and destroy each of these are all the domain of the geologist. (2)Geology is divided into two broad categories of study: physical geology and historical geology.
Physical geology is concerned with the processes occurring on or below the surface of Earth and the materials on which they operate. These processes include volcanic eruptions, landslides, earthquakes, and floods.
Materials include rocks, air, seawater, soils, and sediment. Physical geology further divides into more specific branches, each of which deals with its own part of Earth’s materials, landforms, and processes. Mineralogy and petrology investigate the composition and origin of minerals and rocks. (3)Volcanologists check lava, rocks, and gases on live, dormant, and extinct volcanoes. Seismologists set up instruments to monitor and predict earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
(4)Historical geology is concerned with the chronology of events, both physical and biological, that have taken place in Earth’s history. Paleontologists study fossils (remains of ancient life) for evidence of the evolution of life on Earth. (7)Fossils not only relate evolution, but also speak of the environment in which the organism lived. Plate tectonics (the study of the movement of the sections of Earth’s crust) adds to the story with details of the changing configuration of the continents and oceans.
Many other sciences also contribute to geology. The study of the chemistry of rocks, minerals, and volcanic gases is known as geochemistry. (5)The physics of Earth is known as geophysics. Paleobotanists study fossil plants. (8)Paleozoologists reconstruct fossil animals, while paleoclimatologists reconstruct ancient climate. Environmental geologists attempt to minimize both the human impact on Earth and the impact of natural disasters on human kind. Hydrology and hydrogeology, two subdisciplines of environmental geology, deal specifically with water resources. Hydrologists study surface water whereas hydrogeologists study ground water. Both disciplines try to reduce the impact of pollution on these resources. (9)Economic geologists focus on finding the minerals and fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, coal) needed to maintain or improve global standards of living.
3.4.2 Перепишите предложения 1,2,3,4,5. В каждом предложении выпишите сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Предложения переведите.
3.4.3 Выпишите инфинитив, прилагательные, герундий из предложений 5,8,9.
3.4.4 Выпишите предложения под номером 6, 7, 8. Укажите главное и придаточное предложения. Предложения переведите на русский язык.
3.4.5 Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. What is geology?
2. What do geologists study?
3. Into what categories is geology divided?
4. What are the areas of historical geology?
5. What is geophysics? Describe geophysics.
3.4.6 Подберите определения к следующим 5 терминам.
| geology | is a branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants |
| plate tectonics | is the branch of science concerned with the origin, structure and composition of rocks |
| paleontology | is the branch of geology that uses physics to examine the Earth’s structure, climate, and oceans |
| petrology | is the study of the movement of the sections of Earth’s crust |
| geophysics | is the scientific study of Earth |
