Задания

9

Про­чи­тай­те тек­сты и уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между тек­ста­ми А–G и за­го­лов­ка­ми 1–8. В ответ за­пи­ши­те цифры, в по­ряд­ке, со­от­вет­ству­ю­щем бук­вам. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дую цифру толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии есть один лиш­ний за­го­ло­вок.

1. The scientific explanation

2. The real shape

3. A lucky sign

4. Some tips

5. Places without rainbows

6. A personal vision

7. A bridge between worlds

8. Impossible to catch

A. Two people never see the same rainbow. Each person sees a different one. It happens because the raindrops are constantly moving so the rainbow is always changing too. Each time you see a rainbow it is unique and it will never be the same! In addition, everyone sees colours differently according to the light and how their eyes interpret it.

B. A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that is seen in the atmosphere. It appears in the sky when the sun’s light is reflected by the raindrops. A rainbow always appears during or immediately after showers when the sun is shining and the air contains raindrops. As a result, a spectrum of colours is seen in the sky. It takes the shape of a multicoloured arc.

C. Many cultures see the rainbow as a road, a connection between earth and heaven (the place where God lives). Legends say that it goes below the earth at the horizon and then comes back up again. In this way it makes a permanent link between what is above and below, between life and death. In some myths the rainbow is compared to a staircase connecting earth to heaven.

D. We all believe that the rainbow is arch-shaped. The funny thing is that it's actually a circle. The reason we don’t see the other half of the rainbow is because we cannot see below the horizon. However, the higher we are above the ground, the more of the rainbow’s circle we can see. That is why, from an airplane in flight, a rainbow will appear as a complete circle with the shadow of the airplane in the centre.

E. In many cultures there is a belief that seeing a rainbow is good. Legends say that if you dig at the end of a rainbow, you'll find a pot of gold. Rainbows are also seen after a storm, showing that the weather is getting better, and there is hope after the storm. This is why they are associated with rescue and good fortune. If people happen to get married on such a day, it is said that they will enjoy a very happy life together.

F. You can never reach the end of a rainbow. A rainbow is all light and water. It is always in front of you while your back is to the sun. As you move, the rainbow that your eye sees moves as well and it will always ‘move away’ at the same speed that you are moving. No matter how hard you try, a rainbow will always be as far away from you as it was before you started to move towards it.

G. To see a rainbow you have to remember some points. First, you should be standing with the sun behind you. Secondly, the rain should be in front of you. The most impressive rainbows appear when half of the sky is still dark with clouds and the other half is clear. The best time to see a rainbow is on a warm day in the early morning after sunrise or late afternoon before sunset. Rainbows are often seen near waterfalls and fountains.

Текст	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
За­го­ло­вок

10

The Moneyless Man

For most of us it seems that money makes the world go round. However, not for Mark Boyle who has turned his life into a radical experiment.

Mark Boyle was born in 1979 in Ireland and moved to Great Britain after getting a degree in Business. He set up his own business in Bristol. For six years Mark Boyle managed two organic food companies which made him a good profit.

However, in 2008, he decided to give up earning money. He vowed to live without cash, credit cards, or any other form of finance.

Mark Boyle began to realise that many of the world’s problems are just symptoms of a deeper problem. He thought that money gave people the illusion of independence.

Mark sold his house and started preparing himself for his new life. He posted an advert on a website asking for a tent, a caravan (a vehicle for living or travelling) or any other type of a house. Soon an old lady gave him a caravan for free. At least he then had a roof over his head!

After that, with his pockets empty, Mark was ready to go. He didn't even carry keys as he decided to trust the world a bit more and not lock his caravan. On November 28th (International Buy Nothing Day 2008), he became the Moneyless Man for one whole year.

Everything was different from then on. Mark lived in his caravan on an organic farm where he worked as a volunteer three days a week. In return he got a piece of land to live on and grow his own vegetables. His food was cooked on a stove, and he washed in a shower made from a plastic bag hanging from a tree, and warmed by the sun.

Even breakfast was different. With no morning coffee to brew, Mark had to find an alternative drink to start the day with. So he drank herbal teas, sometimes with some fresh lemon verbena that he could find near the caravan. «It's all very good for you: iron, calcium, anti-oxidants,» Mark said.

Food was the first thing to consider. Mark discovered that there were four ways to find it: looking for wild food, growing his own food, bartering (exchanging his grown food for something else), and using loads of waste food from shops.

Public interest in his project was divided. While a huge number of people supported him, there was criticism of him, particularly on Internet forums.

“People are either very positive about what I'm doing or very negative; I think it's about 70 percent/30 percent. It's funny, if you don't have a massive plasma TV these days, people think you are an extremist,” Mark said.

People tend to ask Mark what he learnt from a year of a moneyless life. “What have I learned? That friendship, not money, is real security,” he answers.

Mark's remarkable journey is described in his new book “The Moneyless Man”, which shows in a detailed way the challenges he faced on the road to his new world.

Mark’s business in Bristol was successful.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

4)

11

Mark bought an expensive caravan for his new life.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

4)

12

Mark’s family approved of his moneyless project.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

4)

13

Mark got money for his work on the organic farm.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

14

Supermarkets

It is believed that the idea of supermarkets first belonged to an American businessman who opened a self-service grocery store in 1916. The main advantage of the new American store was that the goods were stocked on the shelves, so the customers could take their own goods and bring them to the front of the store to pay for them. Although there was a high risk of stealing, the owner found the new shop's organisation more effective because it allowed him to reduce the number of shop assistants. Later the new shop organisation spread widely throughout European countries.

Nowadays supermarkets are as British as football and cricket. In the UK 90% of all food is bought at five different supermarket chains. That makes these companies extremely powerful, especially when they deal with small businesses, for example farmers. Milk is a good permarkets like to use things such as milk and bread, which are at the top of almost everyone's shopping list, to attract customers. To offer the lowest price the supermarkets need to buy milk from dairy farmers very cheaply, so big supermarket chains agree on a very low price and dictate it to farmers. If the farmers don't agree to that price, supermarkets start to look for the cheapest possible products abroad instead.

The consumers are of course happy to get cheaper products, but they should also keep in mind the influence supermarkets have on the environment. First of all there's permarkets like all the products to be packed because it makes it easier to put them neatly on the shelves. Consequently, supermarkets produce nearly 10 million tons of waste packaging in the UK every year, less than 5% of which is recycled. Some supermarkets put large recycling bins in their car parks, trying to create the image that they are environmentally friendly. However, that is just an image.

To reach the supermarket shelves the products often have to travel half the globe. Due to preservatives even milk products can stay unspoiled for months. It's a great advantage for the supermarket as yoghurt bought from a farmer can't be kept for longer than 2 days. That is why many small farmers do not even get a chance to compete with long-lasting imported goods.

When a new supermarket is planned, everyone says that a lot of new jobs will be created. In reality the number of jobs lost in the area is greater than the number of new positions in the supermarket. Within a 15km radius of every new supermarket that opens the number of people working in the food business goes down. It happens because all the small shops nearby are forced to close.

All the waste packaging of supermarkets is recycled.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

15

The Moneyless Man

For most of us it seems that money makes the world go round. However, not for Mark Boyle who has turned his life into a radical experiment.

Mark Boyle was born in 1979 in Ireland and moved to Great Britain after getting a degree in Business. He set up his own business in Bristol. For six years Mark Boyle managed two organic food companies which made him a good profit.

However, in 2008, he decided to give up earning money. He vowed to live without cash, credit cards, or any other form of finance.

Mark Boyle began to realise that many of the world’s problems are just symptoms of a deeper problem. He thought that money gave people the illusion of independence.

Mark sold his house and started preparing himself for his new life. He posted an advert on a website asking for a tent, a caravan (a vehicle for living or travelling) or any other type of a house. Soon an old lady gave him a caravan for free. At least he then had a roof over his head!

After that, with his pockets empty, Mark was ready to go. He didn't even carry keys as he decided to trust the world a bit more and not lock his caravan. On November 28th (International Buy Nothing Day 2008), he became the Moneyless Man for one whole year.

Everything was different from then on. Mark lived in his caravan on an organic farm where he worked as a volunteer three days a week. In return he got a piece of land to live on and grow his own vegetables. His food was cooked on a stove, and he washed in a shower made from a plastic bag hanging from a tree, and warmed by the sun.

Even breakfast was different. With no morning coffee to brew, Mark had to find an alternative drink to start the day with. So he drank herbal teas, sometimes with some fresh lemon verbena that he could find near the caravan. «It's all very good for you: iron, calcium, anti-oxidants,» Mark said.

Food was the first thing to consider. Mark discovered that there were four ways to find it: looking for wild food, growing his own food, bartering (exchanging his grown food for something else), and using loads of waste food from shops.

Public interest in his project was divided. While a huge number of people supported him, there was criticism of him, particularly on Internet forums.

“People are either very positive about what I'm doing or very negative; I think it's about 70 percent/30 percent. It's funny, if you don't have a massive plasma TV these days, people think you are an extremist,” Mark said.

People tend to ask Mark what he learnt from a year of a moneyless life. “What have I learned? That friendship, not money, is real security,” he answers.

Mark's remarkable journey is described in his new book “The Moneyless Man”, which shows in a detailed way the challenges he faced on the road to his new world.

Mark got food from different sources.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

4)

16

People’s attitudes towards Mark’s project were different.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

4)

17

Some of Mark’s fans want to repeat his experiment.

1) True

2) False

3) Not stated

4)

18

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«Jack always put off his homework because he wanted to watch television.

At first his mother let him do this. However, after watching television, Jack __________________ (NOT/WANT) to do anything either.»

19

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«He said: “I __________________ (BE) too tired. I’ll get up early tomorrow to do my homework”.»

20

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«Naturally, the next day he __________________ (WAKE) up late and went to school without doing his homework.»

21

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«At last his mother said: ‘You can only watch TV when you’ve done your homework.' However, half an hour later, when she entered the room, she saw that Jack __________________ (WATCH) TV!»

22

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«“I __________________ (DO) my homework already!” Jack announced and turned back to the screen. His mum had a look at his exercise books.»

23

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«The homework was there, but it __________________ (WRITE) carelessly and obviously contained lots of mistakes.»

24

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«“I wish Thomas Edison __________________ (CAN) see how his invention affects some people.” Jack’s mother said.»

25

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

“Who’s Thomas Edison?” asked Jack.

“A great scientist. He studied electricity and he invented the light bulb to light our houses. Television wouldn’t be possible without __________________ (HE).”

26

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«One day, in class, the teacher asked the students who Thomas Edison was. Jack answered at once: “He was the __________________ (ONE) man who gave people the opportunity to watch television without candlelight.”»

27

Dr Michael Werner says that he has eaten nothing for four years.

The German __________________(SCIENCE) explains that he gets all his energy from sunlight. He says he drinks only water and __________________(DIFFER) fruit juices. Dr Werner has written an __________________(EXCITE) book about his experiences. In it he says that when he started the experiment he even put on weight.

He says: “I can't really give an __________________(EXPLAIN) of what’s happening to me; perhaps I just believe in my theory.” Dr Werner’s colleagues say that only plants can produce energy from the sun, and they cannot explain how he is able to stay __________________(HEALTH). “This case __________________(PROBABLE) needs a lot more research before we will be able to explain it,” they say.

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«Dr Michael Werner says that he has eaten nothing for four years.

The German __________________(SCIENCE) explains that he gets all his energy from sunlight.»

28

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«He says he drinks only water and __________________(DIFFER) fruit juices.»

29

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«Dr Werner has written an __________________(EXCITE) book about his experiences.»

30

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«In it he says that when he started the experiment he even put on weight.

He says: “I can't really give an __________________(EXPLAIN) of what’s happening to me; perhaps I just believe in my theory.”»

31

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«Dr Werner’s colleagues say that only plants can produce energy from the sun, and they cannot explain how he is able to stay __________________(HEALTH).»

32

Про­чи­тай­те при­ведённый ниже текст. Пре­об­ра­зуй­те слово, на­пе­ча­тан­ное за­глав­ны­ми бук­ва­ми в скоб­ках так, чтобы оно грам­ма­ти­че­ски со­от­вет­ство­ва­ло со­дер­жа­нию тек­ста. За­пол­ни­те про­пуск по­лу­чен­ным сло­вом.

«“This case __________________(PROBABLE) needs a lot more research before we will be able to explain it,” they say.»

33

You have 30 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Ben.

…Sometimes I hate our school radio because they talk about things everyone knows. And news should be fresh! One day I will be a reporter and will show them how to produce really good news… …How do you get to know what’s happening in the world? What are you going to be? Do you think English will be necessary for your future career, why?

Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Write 100–120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

34

Give a talk about books.

Remember to say:

• why people continue reading books nowadays;

• what kinds of books are popular with Russian teenagers;

• what book you would take with you to a desert island and why.

You have to talk for 1.5–2 minutes. The examiner will listen until you have finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions.

35

Task 2 (2-3 minutes)

You play the part of an exchange student in an international school in Malta. You come to your classmate Andrew/ Anna to borrow her/his Grammar Book. You need it to write an essay on a British tourist attraction/place of interest.

- Ask for the Grammar book and explain what you need it for.

- Answer your classmate's questions about the tourist attraction you are going to write about.

- Do not accept any suggestions for the day as you want to start writing the essay as soon as possible.

- Invite your classmate to see a new film tomorrow.

You begin the conversation. The examiner will play the part of your classmate.

Remember to:

- mention all the four aspects of the task;

- be active and polite.

36

You are going to give a talk about books. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

• whether reading is still popular with teenagers, and why, or why not;

• what kind of books you like reading;

• why many people prefer e-books to paper books.

You have to talk continuously.