Ликвидация пробелов в знаниях на уроках иностранного языка

ЛИКВИДАЦИЯ ПРОБЕЛОВ В ЗНАНИЯХ НА УРОКАХ ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА.

Прежде чем говорить о способах устранения пробелов в знаниях, хотелось бы перечислить основные причины их появления. Это, во-первых, пропущенные по уважительной или неуважительной причине уроки, во-вторых, различные физические особенности детей. Такие, как нарушения механизмов внимания и памяти, речемыслительных процессов, произносительного аппарата. По большому счёту, обучение иностранному языку предполагает автоматизацию различных языковых и речевых явлений, что обеспечивается многократным повторением соответствующего материала. Если материал не обработан должным образом, т. е. если ученик не применил его в различных речевых ситуациях необходимое именно для него количество раз, то навык его употребления не доведён до автоматизма, а, значит, возникает пробел в знаниях. Легче всего ликвидировать пробелы в словарном запасе учеников, сложнее - в умении читать и писать, а самым сложным является процесс устранения пробелов во владении грамматическими конструкциями. Лучшим способом ликвидации пробелов в знаниях по английскому языку я считаю игру, ведь игра - это средство познания, развития мотивационной сферы, умственных действий, произвольного поведения (). Известный методист выделяет следующие черты игры как средства обучения: мотивированность, отсутствие принуждения, индивидуализированная, глубоко личная деятельность, обучение и воспитание в коллективе и через коллектив, развитие психических функций и способностей, учение с увлечением. Игровая деятельность хороша своим многообразием. Для любого возраста можно подобрать подходящую игру, которая и будет интересна детям, отвлечёт их от необходимости выполнять скучные упражнения, и поможет развить или скорректировать те или иные свойства личности и способности. Для учащихся начальной школы я обычно использую следующие виды игры: фонетические, орфографические, лексические, грамматические, игры для работы с алфавитом, для обучения чтению, подвижные игры. В средней - сюжетно-ролевые, игры-соревнования, игры-конкурсы, а в старшей школе это уже более сложные варианты: ролевые и деловые игры, чертами которых являются нацеленность на самоутверждение, юмористическая окраска, стремление к розыгрышу, ориентация на речевую деятельность. Дети разных возрастов с удовольствием принимают в играх участие, поэтому игра-очень удобная форма как для изучения и закрепления нового материала, так и для повторения изученного ранее и ликвидации каких-либо пробелов. Конечно же, как любая учебная деятельность, деятельность по устранению пробелов, в игровой или традиционной форме, невозможна без использования индивидуального раздаточного материала, который в данном случае будет выполнять роль опор. Чем больше различных опор будет использовано, тем больше анализаторов учащихся будет задействовано и тем успешнее будет проходить процесс усвоения материала. К сожалению, пробелы в знаниях у учеников - это объективная реальность. Задача педагога - не только организовать работу по их ликвидации, но и делать это грамотно, планомерно, систематически и  по возможности, ненавязчиво.

The table of tenses

Past	Present	Future
Indefinite	Ved, V2	V, V(e)s	will (shall) + V
Continuous	was (were) +Ving	am (is, are) + Ving	will (shall) +be + Ving
Perfect	had + V3	have (has) + V3	will (shall) + have been +V3
Perfect Continuous	had been + Ving	have (has) + been + Ving	will (shall) + have been + Ving

The table of tenses

Past	Present	Future
Indefinite	Ved, V2	V, V(e)s	will (shall) + V
Continuous	was (were) +Ving	am (is, are) + Ving	will (shall) +be + Ving
Perfect	had + V3	have (has) + V3	will (shall) + have been +V3
Perfect Continuous	had been + Ving	have (has) + been + Ving	will (shall) + have been + Ving

The table of tenses

Past	Present	Future
Indefinite	Ved, V2	V, V(e)s	will (shall) + V
Continuous	was (were) +Ving	am (is, are) + Ving	will (shall) +be + Ving
Perfect	had + V3	have (has) + V3	will (shall) + have been +V3
Perfect Continuous	had been + Ving	have (has) + been + Ving	will (shall) + have been + Ving

The table of tenses

Past	Present	Future
Indefinite	Ved, V2	V, V(e)s	will (shall) + V
Continuous	was (were) +Ving	am (is, are) + Ving	will (shall) +be + Ving
Perfect	had + V3	have (has) + V3	will (shall) + have been +V3
Perfect Continuous	had been + Ving	have (has) + been + Ving	will (shall) + have been + Ving

The table of tenses

Past	Present	Future
Indefinite	Ved, V2	V, V(e)s	will (shall) + V
Continuous	was (were) +Ving	am (is, are) + Ving	will (shall) +be + Ving
Perfect	had + V3	have (has) + V3	will (shall) + have been +V3
Perfect Continuous	had been + Ving	have (has) + been + Ving	will (shall) + have been + Ving

The table of tenses

Past	Present	Future
Indefinite	Ved, V2	V, V(e)s	will (shall) + V
Continuous	was (were) +Ving	am (is, are) + Ving	will (shall) +be + Ving
Perfect	had + V3	have (has) + V3	will (shall) + have been +V3
Perfect Continuous	had been + Ving	have (has) + been + Ving	will (shall) + have been + Ving

The table of tenses

Past	Present	Future
Indefinite	Ved, V2	V, V(e)s	will (shall) + V
Continuous	was (were) +Ving	am (is, are) + Ving	will (shall) +be + Ving
Perfect	had + V3	have (has) + V3	will (shall) + have been +V3
Perfect Continuous	had been + Ving	have (has) + been + Ving	will (shall) + have been + Ving

The table of tenses

Past	Present	Future
Indefinite	Ved, V2	V, V(e)s	will (shall) + V
Continuous	was (were) +Ving	am (is, are) + Ving	will (shall) +be + Ving
Perfect	had + V3	have (has) + V3	will (shall) + have been +V3
Perfect Continuous	had been + Ving	have (has) + been + Ving	will (shall) + have been + Ving

The table of tenses

Past	Present	Future
Indefinite	Ved, V2	V, V(e)s	will (shall) + V
Continuous	was (were) +Ving	am (is, are) + Ving	will (shall) +be + Ving
Perfect	had + V3	have (has) + V3	will (shall) + have been +V3
Perfect Continuous	had been + Ving	have (has) + been + Ving	will (shall) + have been + Ving

The table of tenses

Past	Present	Future
Indefinite	Ved, V2	V, V(e)s	will (shall) + V
Continuous	was (were) +Ving	am (is, are) + Ving	will (shall) +be + Ving
Perfect	had + V3	have (has) + V3	will (shall) + have been +V3
Perfect Continuous	had been + Ving	have (has) + been + Ving	will (shall) + have been + Ving

The table of tenses

Past	Present	Future
Indefinite	Ved, V2	V, V(e)s	will (shall) + V
Continuous	was (were) +Ving	am (is, are) + Ving	will (shall) +be + Ving
Perfect	had + V3	have (has) + V3	will (shall) + have been +V3
Perfect Continuous	had been + Ving	have (has) + been + Ving	will (shall) + have been + Ving

The table of tenses

Past	Present	Future
Indefinite	Ved, V2	V, V(e)s	will (shall) + V
Continuous	was (were) +Ving	am (is, are) + Ving	will (shall) +be + Ving
Perfect	had + V3	have (has) + V3	will (shall) + have been +V3
Perfect Continuous	had been + Ving	have (has) + been + Ving	will (shall) + have been + Ving

Present Perfect Continous УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение 1.

Write these verbs into 3 columns. Add - ing to the verbs. Запишите глаголы в три колонки. Прибавьте –ing.

Hop, bring, wear, teach, sit, leave, use, come, travel, put, try, shop, watch, clean, tidy, invite, say, continue, take, begin, get, make, plan, cut, eat, catch.

jump (+ ing) JUMPING come (-e + ing) COMING run (x2 + ing) RUNNING

Упражнение 2.

Раскройте скобки, предварительно поставив глаголы в форму Present Perfect Continous.

1. Olga: Rose! What are you doing here? I ___________ (wait) for you for hours!

Rose: I’m sorry, Olga. I __________ (try on) these clothes for two hours. And I haven’t decided vet.

2. Greg: Molly! Call our waiter again!

Molly: I___________ (try) to call him.

Greg: Molly! We_____________ (sit) here for twenty-five minutes... and I’m not going to wait any more!

Molly: I’m sorry, dear... but he’s again talking to that nice girl.

Greg: Yes, he ____________ (talk) to her since we came in.

Molly: Waiter! Waiter: Yes, ma’am... Do you want the bill?

Molly: The bill! We haven’t even got the menu yet!

Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Вы опять дрались?

Как давно у вас болит нога?

Я учу японский с августа.

Анна ищет работу шесть месяцев.

Они работают в Саратове с 1 января.

Какой глубокий снег! Сколько времени шел снег?

Весь день идет дождь.

Я живу здесь около пяти лет.

Вы слишком долго смотрите телевизор.

Я жду Петра уже около часа.

Дети плавают уже полчаса.

Они работают в саду с 8 часов.

Наконец я нашел книгу, которую искал целый день.

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, используя Present Perfect Continous.

All these days he _________ (talk) about his new plan. Here is Mrs. Brown who we ____________ (speak) about for a long time. You ___________ (watch) TV too long. He ___________ (sit) here all the time.

English test. plete as an example. e. g. A pen - Two pens 1. A bus - ten … 2. A woman - two … 3. A fish - three … 4. A photo - five … 5. A lady - four … 6. A girl - six … 7. A mouse - nine … 8. A toy - three … 9. A knife - ten … 10. A tomato - four … II. Change to the plural as in the example e. g. That is an ox. Those are oxen 1. I’m a student. … 2. She is a woman. … 3. This is a goose. … 4. He is a policeman. … 5. That is a big monkey. … 6. It is a guitar. … 7. It is a nice baby. … III. Fill in with “some”, “any” or “a” e. g. There are some glasses on the table. 1. Is there … milk in the fridge? 2. There is … water in the glass. 3. Would you like … biscuit? 4. There isn’t … Coke in the bottle. 5. Are there … students in the classroom? 6. There aren’t … tomatoes on the plate. IV. Fill in: There is or There are 1. … some cats in the garden. 2. … some milk in the bottle. 3. … some cheese on the table. 4. … a chair in the room. 5. … some bread in the cupboard. V. Fill in “how much” or “how many” e. g. How many apples are there in the bag? 1. … money have you got? 2. … girls are there in your class? 3. … milk is there? 4. … people can you see? 5. … meat do you want? VI. Fill in “at”, “in” or “on” as in the example. e. g. in December 1. … midnight 2. … 1984 3. … June 26th 4. … Monday 5. … Easter 6. …10 o’clock 7. … winter 8. … noon 9. … morning 10. … Sunday afternoon plete the sentences as in the example. 1. e. g. John is … than Jim (tall) 2. John is taller than Jim. 3. Tina is … than her brother. (short) 4. Sally is … girl in the class( beautiful) 5. Bert is … of all. (tall) 6. A dog is … than a cat. (clever) 7. Don is … student in the class. (good) 8. David gets … money than Tom(little) 9. Your bag is … than mine. (heavy) VIII. Fill in yesterday, tomorrow, at the moment, every morning, last year 1. We went to Paris for our holidays … 2. She is going to stay at home … 3. They are walking in the garden … 4. He gets up very early … 5. They went to the cinema … IX. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or present continuous. 1. David…(wash) the car at the moment. 2. My sister …(do) her homework in the evening. 3. My brother usually …(go) to the cinema at the weekend. 4. John …(tidy) his room now. 5. We usually … (wake up) at seven o’clock. 6. I …(play) computer games on Saturdays. X. Put the verbs into the past simple. 1. I …(not/eat) breakfast this morning 2. They …(go) to the cinema last night. 3. She …(see) him in town last week. 4. My father …(buy) a new car a month ago. ve 5. We …(swim) in the sea for two hours. 6. He …(not/drive) to work yesterday. 7. Ann … (come) home late from work yesterday. XI. Cross out the wrong verb. e. g. Nick has/had a cold yesterday 1. Chip was/were a good dog last week. 2. Mr. Bell wasn’t/weren’t at home last week. 3. Jenny was/were in Scotland last summer. 4. Was/were Nick & Jenny on holiday in Spain? XII. Use the verbs in brackets to make questions e. g. Sharks eat fish(What) What do sharks eat? 1. The party finished at ten o’clock (When) 2. Nick watches television every day (Who) 3. This jacket is Tom’s (Whose) 4. Nick has got ten computer games (How many) 5. The boys always play football in the park (Where) 6. The girls are dancing now. (Who) 7. He doesn’t live in Moscow. (Where) 8. Yesterday we were at the Zoo.(Where) XIII. Reading comprehension. Read the text. Choose the right answer to the questions. ` Brother and Sister. Once there was a man who had two children, a boy and a girl. The boy was good-looking, but the girl was not. One day they found a mirror and for the first time saw what they looked like. The boy was very glad. He said to the sister, "What a nice face I have! I look much nicer, than you do!!! " The girl did not like what he said. She was very angry with him and began to beat him. Their father saw them and said to the boy, «You must always be as good, as you look.» And to the girl he said, «My dear, if you help anyone, people will love you!» 1. Who was good-looking? a) brother b) sister. c) father 2. How did the boy feel when he saw what they looked like? a) sorry for his sister b) happy c) angry 3. Who was the girl angry with? a) father b)mirror c) brother 4. What did father say? a) «…if you help anyone, people will love you! …» b) «… it's better to be good-looking, than to be good …» c) «… it's better to throw away the mirror …» XIV. Writing. Write how you celebrated your last birthday.   Чтение С1  Прочитай текст. Выбери нужный ответ: True, если вы согласны с утверждением, и False, если вы не согласны. Sam was in the country in summer. He visited his grandmother and grandfather. It was often rainy and he couldn’t swim every day. When it was warm  and sunny his friends and he went to the river to swim. They played football and tennis. They often went to the forest, too. There were some berries and mushrooms. The boys liked to look for them. Their baskets were full very often. Sam`s grandmother cooked mushroom soup. It was very tasty. Everybody liked the soup. Sam always ate it with pleasure. Sam visited his parents.   1. True  2. False B.  They played  football and tennis.   1.  True  2. False C.  Sam`s  grandmother  cooked a cake.   1. True  2. False   A   B   C   Письмо С 2  Напиши о себе. Заполни анкету. Name____________________. Age______________________. Date of birth_______________. Where do you live?__________. What do you like to do?______. Have you got a pet?__________.   Говорение. C3  Ответь на вопросы. Where are you from? What do  you have for breakfast? How many rooms are there in your flat? What is your favourite season? Have you got a pet? What are spring months? What clothes do  you wear in spring? What is your favourite animal? Why? What is your favourite sport? Why?   What do you like to do? C4  Расскажи о себе и своей семье?   Грамматика Выбери правильный вариант ответа и занеси в таблицу. A.  It often______ in winter.  1. snows  2. is snowing B.  My brother is_______ than me.  1.younger  2.  the youngest C.  February is the _____ month of the year.  1. two  2. second D.  Kate went to visit___  teacher.  1. her  2. she E.  I  have got _____ friends.  1. much  2. many F.  There are many _____in our flat.  1. windows  2. window   A   B   C   D   E   F   Лексика. Выбери подходящее по смыслу слово. Ответ занеси в таблицу. Mary likes to eat __________ for breakfast. Tigers are ________ animals. They ____very good friends. We _____ in the river last week. When it is raining I can take my______. a) umbrella  b) swam  c) porridge  d) cat  e) are  f) wild  g) clever   1   2   3   4   5