№1
Вариант 4.
Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматический признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного:
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The plastic box houses the conducting and the insulating elements of the apparatus.
2. This scientist's investigations have great importance
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for the development of our country's national economy.
3. Solar installations exist in many countries, some of them are used for experimental purpose?
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
l. This plant reconstruction will be соmрleted this year.
2. A new era in space communication was opened on April 12,1961 by the Soviet cosmonaut Major Yuri Gagarin-the first mаn in space.
3. The Earth satellites are used as communication relay stations, or as a base for astronomical observation.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. Moscow is one of the biggest and most beautiful cities of the world.
2. The more complex is the construction of a radio set, the better is its operation.
3. This device is not so complex as that one.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1. Nо charges can move in an open circuit.
2. Some devices work equally well both on direct and alternating current.
3. In any telephone system speech or other sounds are converted into electric signals.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив: переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Radio is a method of communicating over a distance by modulating waves.
2. You will find this book in the library of our Institute.
3.0n April 25.1895 A. Popov demonstrated his device at, the
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Russian Physical-chemical Society.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст А - для технических специальностей, текст В - для экономических специальностей.
TEXT A.
The television transmitter sends out special signals. They are sent out in addition to the picture impulses. The signals synchronize the picture at the receiver with the picture picked up by the camera.
At the television receiver, the picture and audio signals are picked up simultaneously by a single antenna; the voltages induced in the receiving antenna are fed into the radio frequency stage of the receiver; and the picture carrier and the sound carrier are converted by super heterodyne conversion method into two separate intermediate frequency signals. One signal corresponds to the sound carrier and the other-to the video or picture carrier. Two separate intermediate frequency amplifier channels are employed; one for the picture signal and the other for the sound signal. The sound intermediate frequency signal is demodulated by a detector. After proper amplification by the audio amplifier, the sound signal is reproduced by the loud speaker in the usual way.
The picture intermediate frequency signal is amplified by several stages having wide-band frequency characteristics and is then fed into the video (picture) detector, where the intermediate frequency signal is then demodulated. The video (picture) signal which appears in the output of the detector is then amplified in the video amplifier, which corresponds to the audio amplifier in the sound receiver. Only it must pass a much wider range of frequencies.
TEXT B.
Markets and Monopolies.
The term 'market', as used by economists, is an extension of ancient idea of a market as a place where people gather to buy and sell goods. In former days part of a town
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was kept as the market or marketplace, and people would travel many kilometers on special market-days in order to buy and sell various commodities. Today, however markets as the world sugar market, the gold market and the cotton market do not need to have any fixed geographical ch a market is simply a set of conditions permitting buyers and sellers to work together.
In a free market, competition takes place among sellers of the same commodity, and among those who wish to buy that ch competition influences the prices prevailing in the market. Prices inevitably fluctuate, and such fluctuations are also affected by current supply and demand.
Whenever people who are willing to sell a commodity contact people цho are willing to buy it, a market for that commodity is created.
№2
Вариант 4
I, Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждой из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
a)1. Quantum mechanics has greatly influenced the nuclear theory.
2. The problem of the structure of matter is constantly occupying the Binds of many scientists.
6)1.Today many polymeric materials are produced on a massive scale.
2. Many compounds can be decomposed when they are acted upon by different forms of energy.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения: подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них,
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т. е. докажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1.Natural rubber is a thermoplastic material that becomes Soft when heated and hard when cooled.
2. Matter composed of any chemical combination of elements is called a compound.
3. The smallest particle having all the characteristics of an element is called an atom.
4. While bombarding the upper layers of the atmosphere, cosmic rays reach the surface of the earth.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык,
1. Heat can be divided into three different types.
2. A great number of plastics should find their applications in the electrical industry.
3. Chemical means had to be used for the separation of compounds into their elements.
4. The existense of an X-ray laser in the future may be possible.
IV. Перепишите и переведите письменно.
TEXT A
The basic unit of time used in both the English and the metric systems is the second, the latter equals 1/60 x 1/60 x 1/24 = 1/86,400 of a mean solar day. That is не divide the mean solar day into 86.400 equal parts to get the unit used to measure time, namely 1 second.
Basing a concept such as time on the laws of physics, we cannot be sure that these laws are absolutely correct. For example, suppose the speed of light is slowly increasing with time. This would then cause a change in some of our standards of length and time. So far there is no experimental evidence that any of the universal physical constants are changing with time, but this does not rule out the possibility of a very slow change beyond the accuracy of present measurements.
Being also a physical concept mass must be defined in
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terms of certain laws of physics. In the metric system the unit of mass war originally defined as the amount of mass contained in 1 cc (cubic centimeter) of water (at a specified temperature and pressure),this a mount of mass is called the gram. Thus the density of water is conveniently one gram per cubic centimeter.
TEXT В
The number of пен products coming into the market of western countries every year is overwhelming. The major part of these products is not new, but adaptations. It means that these products are not new, they are-existing items to which modification has been made. Only few products are really original or innovations. For instance a clock-television is an adaptation, but TU-set itself, the refrigerator - each was an innovation. A great number of innovations and adaptations are designed, produced and marketed by small businesses. Very often a new product is formed on the basis of the new business. Sometimes there is a patent to make the business more successful. But it happens very often that market research hasn't been done carefully.
Even in case larger scale producer do more research and testing there is no sure success. A promising new product may be also robbed of success by unreasonable prices, inadequate promotion and poor selling methods. Generally less than one fifth of all new products turn out to be profitable.
