Использование префиксов: to do делать - to redo переделать

Использование префиксов: to do делать - to redo переделать.

НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СУФФИКСЫ ГЛАГОЛОВ
СУФФИКС	ЗНАЧЕНИЕ	ПРИМЕР
(сущ. +) - ize	делать(ся) таким, как на то указывает основа	standardize стандартизировать
(прил. +) - en	harden делать(ся) твердым
(сущ. +) - ify, - fy	превращать в, делать то, на что указывает основа	gasify превращать(ся) в газ; electrify электризовать
(сущ. +) - ate	подвергать воздействию, превращать в то, на что указывает основа	vaccinate делать прививку; granulate гранулировать
-er	whisper шептать
-ish	establish устанавливать

НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СУФФИКСЫ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ
СУФФИКС	ЗНАЧЕНИЕ	ПРИМЕР
(гл. +) - er, - or	обозначение деятеля	teacher учитель conductor проводник
(гл. +) - ing	действие в процессе	boiling кипячение
(прил. +) - ness	свойство, качество	darkness темнота
(прил. +) - ty, - ity	состояние, условие, качество	humidity влажность
(гл. +) - age	акт или факт действия	breakage поломка
(сущ. +) - age	содержание чего-либо (единиц измерения)	percentage процентное содержание
(гл. +) - ment	отвлеченные понятия (абстрактные существительные)	agreement соглашение
(гл. +) - ance, -ence	performance представление
(гл. +) - ancy, -ency	expectancy надежда
(прил. +/сущ. +) - dom	kingdom королевство
(гл. +) -ion, -(a)tion, -sion,-ssion	transformation преобразование
-ure	pressure давление
-hood	neighbourhood соседство
-ship	friendship дружба
-th	length длина
-an, - ian	1) национальность; 2) профессия	American американец, librarian библиотекарь
-ism	какое-либо течение (например, политическое)	communism коммунизм
-ist	1) принадлежность к какому-либо течению; 2) профессия	communist коммунист; artist художник

НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СУФФИКСЫ НАРЕЧИЙ И ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ
СУФФИКСЫ НАРЕЧИЙ	СУФФИКСЫ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ
СУФФИКС	ЗНАЧЕНИЕ	ПРИМЕР	СУФФИКС	ЗНАЧЕНИЕ	ПРИМЕР
(прил. +) -ly	таким образом, способом	entirely всецело	-teen	количественное числительное от 13 до 19	fifteen пятнадцать
-ward(s)	направление движения	backwards назад	-ty	десятки	seventy семьдесят
-wise	в таком направлении, таким способом	clockwise по часовой стрелке	-th	порядковое числительное	fourth четвертый

НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СУФФИКСЫ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ
СУФФИКС	ЗНАЧЕНИЕ	ПРИМЕР
(сущ. +) - al	наличие признака, свойств и качеств, выраженных основой	central центральный
(сущ. +) - ic	patriotic патриотический
(сущ. +) - ical	critical критический
(сущ. +) - ous	famous известный
(сущ. +) - ful	painful болезненный
(гл. +) -able, - ible	expressible выразительный
(гл. +) -ant, - ent	dependent зависимый
(гл. +) - ive	active активный
(сущ. +) - ly	friendly дружелюбный
(сущ. +) - y	grainy зернистый
(гл. +) - ite	favourite любимый
-ary	solitary одинокий
-ate	fortunate удачный
-ed	cold-blooded хладнокровный
-less	отсутствие качества, признака	priceless бесценный
-ish	1) наличие признака в слабой степени; 2) принадлежность к национальности	reddish красноватый; Polish польский
-ese	принадлежность к национальности	Japanese японский
-ian, - an	Egyptian египетский
-like	сходство	birdlike птицеподобный
-ern	принадлежность к одной из сторон света	northern северный

НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕФИКСЫИ ИХ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ
ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕФИКСЫ	ДРУГИЕ ПРЕФИКСЫ
ПРЕФИКС	ПРИМЕР	ПРЕФИКС	ЗНАЧЕНИЕ	ПРИМЕР
un-	unable неспособный	re - (+ гл.)	вновь сделать то, на что указывает основа	remake переделывать
in-	inactive бездеятельный
im-	impossible невозможный	en-, em- (+ гл.)	придавать качество	embody воплощать
il-	illegal незаконный
ir-	irregular неправильный	over - (+ гл.)	избыточная степень качества или выполнения действия	overproduce перепроизводить
mis-	misunderstand неправильно понять
dis-	disapproval неодобрение	under - (+ гл.)	недостаточная степень качества или выполнения действия	underestimate недооценивать

Задания на словообразование. Word building exercises.

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте существительные.

The study calculated that replacing weekly fruit juice... with whole fruits could bring health benefits. (consume) For my birthday Mother baked a cake with yellow... . (ice) Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are called... because they provide the fuel your body needs. (nutrition) Many women have to juggle... and a full-time job. (mother) ... are unavoidable when three... live under one roof. (argue, generate) Her deep... of her sister was evident. (hate) Older people who live alone often need help with gardening and house... (maintain) Positive attitude helps employees to get along with... and managers. (worker) China’s air... has cut an average of 5.5 years in the north of the country and caused higher rates of lung cancer. (pollute, expect) It is much safer to use stainless steel or glass... instead of plastic ones. (contain)

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте прилагательные.

My favorite... book is “Appetite” by Nigel Slater. (cooker) Eating can also make you..., and so can waking up in the morning. (thirst) You shouldn’t rest on your laurels but try to improve your... performance. (academy) Highly... gas is naturally found in coal mines. (explode) An... species is a species of organisms facing a very high risk of extinction. (danger) The most... earthquake struck in Shanxi, China 1556. (disaster) ... exploitation of nature by man has resulted in the effects we have to deal with now. (thought) Laos is a landlocked... country, widely covered by tropical forest. (mountain) I decided to take a walk. It would be too... to wait in the queue. (tire)

Упражнение 3. Используйте отрицательные приставки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

The service was slow and the waiter’s familiarity was … , so we left without paying. (accept) Some children are a challenge, especially when they... in public places. (behaviour) To my... , the restaurant was overbooked and we had to spend the evening at home. (appoint) Michael was... about what dessert to order. (decide) Parents’... of their children’s behaviour and life choices can ruin their lives. (approve) There is a huge difference between... children and those merely... to listen to their parents’ advice. (obey, will) Young children mustn’t be left... either at home or at public places. (attention) She was frequently left alone by her... husband. (faith) If you describe someone as..., you are criticising them because they are unable to do their job or a task properly or are... to act in this capacity. (competence, qualifications) Banks are still seen as... and many people keep their savings at home. (security)

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, образуйте глаголы.

Guar gum also is used in the food industry to... products like ice cream. (thick) Old Manchester houses are made of red soot. (black) David spotted the pink silk lampshade in a shop and thought it would... up the room. (bright) Do we ever stop to think about the importance of the air we... ? (breath) I’d like to... this dress for one in a larger size. (change) They... 100 dollars from a bank account an hour ago. (draw)

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки. Образуйте подходящие по смыслу слова.

Sometimes one's... are the only people one can... in. (parental, confidence) Many people... that getting a spouse can put them out of their..., which later... wrong, because sometimes marriage makes life more difficult. (belief, miserable, proof) An... Roman... has been discovered in northwest England, (extend, settle) The dining-room is elegantly... and... carpeted, (furniture, luxury) Everyone is... of her having the chance to... abroad, (envy, student) When employers look at... candidates, beyond skills, experience, and training, they look for those who demonstrate... (prospect, enthuse) In the city the... and... were insufferable, (hot, humid) Our planet’s... regions, located just north and south of the equator, are known for their... and... (tropic, warm, humid) Next to Shakespeare, no... gets more love on Broadway than Tennessee Williams, (play) During Elizabeth’s reign England significantly... its trade... and in 1580 Sir Francis Drake became the first Englishman to successfully... the earth, (expansion, sea, circumnavigation)

Упражнение 6. Образуйте слова от данных. Вставьте слова в текст.

A.

RESTORATION, LOOK, DEMOLITION, EXTEND, GOTH, ACCOMMODATE, PANELLING, UNEXPECTED

Located in Wiltshire, an outstanding and beautifully __________ (1), late ________ (2) style manor house was built of limestone. Originally it was a much larger property that was mostly ___________ (3). Solid in appearance and structure, it offers _________ (4) and well presented ___________ (5). As one would ___________ (6) there is a grand drawing room with oak _________ (7) walls and a large open fireplace. The large windows __________ (8) a parkland setting.

B.

FORM, ILLEGAL, EDUCATIONAL, QUALIFICATIONS, TUITION

Home education is when a child is __________ (1) at home rather than at school. It's perfectly __________ (2) in the UK and one doesn’t need to be a __________ (3) teacher to do so. Children who are home educated receive all their education from their parents, sometimes with the help of outside __________ (4). If you decide to home educate your child you don’t have to follow __________ (5) rules about how you teach or when you teach.

C.

CHIEF, SEARCH, SCIENCE, INDUCE, COLLECT, APPLY, ADOPTION, FOUND

English philosopher, statesman, and jurist who rose to become Lei Chancellor (1618—1621) to James I but is __________ (1) remembered for the status he gave to __________ (2) research in England. Although his name is associated with the method of __________ (3) and the rejection of a priori reasoning in science, the painstaking __________ (4) of miscellaneous facts without any use of error theory which he supported in the Novum Organum has never been __________ (5) as a practical method of __________ (6). The __________ (7) of the Baconian method was, however, an important object in the __________ (8) of the Royal Society some years later.

D.

DEPTH, HARMLESS, DESIRE, MODERATE, ACCESS

We’ve all heard of emotional eating. There’s also such a thing as emotional shopping. In __________ (1), neither of these activities is __________ (2), but in excess both can have serious consequences. The __________ (3) and the affordability of goods make shopping all the more appealing. For many compulsive buyers, a big part of the appeal of shopping is the process of searching out and obtaining that new, better, __________ (4) item. This process is so mesmerising that it often ruins long-term financial plans, leaving shoppers __________ (5) in debt.