Nature is a source of inspiration of English and Russian poets.

МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОУ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

ЮГО-КАМСКАЯ СРЕДНЯЯ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ШКОЛА

Лингвистические аспекты иностранного

(английского) языка

Nature is a source of inspiration

of English and Russian poets.

Зеленина Карина,

МОУ Юго-Камская средняя

общеобразовательная школа, 10 класс

Руководитель-

,

МОУ Юго-Камская

общеобразовательная школа,

учитель английского языка

Юго-Камск 2015

Сontest.

Introduction  2 Chapter 1: Nature poets.  4 Chapter 2: Poetical language.  9 Chapter 3: Analysis of Nature poetry.  10 Chapter 4: The way of poetical translation.  15 Conclusion.  21 The list of used literature.  23

       

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Introduction.

Every country has outstanding poets.  Poetical language they use in poems is beautiful and fascinating. It is the wealth of any language. Nature poems can charm everybody that’s why it is very important to know poetry especially for those who study foreign language.  We’d like to study images of nature in English poems and to compare them with images in our native language.

So the aim of my research is to find out similarities and differences of poetical nature images in English and Russian languages and to try to discover reasons of it.  According to our aim we can pick out following problems:

To uncover Russian and English  poets, who wrote about nature; To determine what poetical language is; To find and compare nature images in Russian and English poems; To find out ways of translation poetry from one language into another; To study  the experience  of poetical translators; To determine  the reasons of similarities and differences of in Russian and English nature poetry images;

The object of our research is nature poetry in English. The subject of our research is comparing poetical images of nature in English and Russian images. The methods of the work are analysis and synthesis of poems. The research has practical meaning because language is alive and constantly developing object and we shouldn’t lose its beauty and wealth.

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Chapter 1.

Nature poets.

1.1 Russian poets

Speaking about Russian Nature Poets I can’t but mention such names as Pushkin, Tyutchev, Blok, Nikitin, Esenin, Pasternak.

We’d like to pick out authors, who made contribution in language developing.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin(1799 – 1837) was a poet, playwright, critic of literature, translator, historian. He worked in streams such as romanticism and realism. He wasa creator of modern literature Russian language.

The most famous works are “Dubrovskiy”, “Capitan`s daughter” ,”EvgeniyOnegin” , “Boris Godunov” and etc. He also wrote poetry such as “Antiar”,”The Captive”, “The Prophet”, “The Poet”,“Winter morning” and etc.

This is an extract from nature poem:

Snow, frost and sunshine-lovely morning! –Морозисолнце;день чудесный

Yet you, dear love, its magic scoring,-Еще ты дремлешь друг прелестный-

Are still abed…Awake, me sweet!...-Пора, красавица, проснись…

(The extract from ”Winter Morning” translated into English by Irina Zheleznova).

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803-1873) was a poet, publicist and politician. He was the greatest philosopher and tragic poet. He wanted to solute poetry and religious the immortal and tragic questions of human being: life and death, fate of human, the deepest  sense of time and place).He wrote more than 400 poems such as:”Spring thunder”, “Summer evening”, “Morning in mountains”, “Silentium” , ”Ciceron”and etc.

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But in his poetry a lot of untitled poems

Полнеба обхватила  тень.

Лишь там, на западе бродит сияние-

Помедли, помедли вечерний день.

Продлись, продлись очарованье.(“Last Love”)

There is only light there in the west

Half of the sky is in the cloud,-

Slow down evening, don’t make haste.

Continue, charm, do not die out. (translated from Russian by Alec Vaganov)

Alexander  Block(1880-1921) was a poet and playwright and translator. He work in stream such as symbolism in genre of elegy, poem, letter. He was  one of the greatest poets of the world. He translated Byron and Sheakspeare.

О, как безумно за окном

Ревет, бушует буря злая,

Несутся тучи, льют дождем,

И ветер  воет, замирая! («О, как безумно за окном)

Oh what a storm! It’s like insane,

The wicked blizzard wails and rages,

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The clouds rush with pouring rain

The wind now fades, now wails and surges. (translated from Russian by Alec Vaganov)

1.2.English Poets.

Among nature poets, who wrote in English we can find such names as: ron, Horton, John Keats, Robert Service, John Greenleud Whittier, Robert Frost, Raymond A. Foss, William Carlsos Williams, William Wordsworth, William Shaekspeare. Most of these names are widely-known all over the world. Here are some of them.

George (Lord) Byron(1788-1824) was an English poet and a leading figure in the romanticism. Among Byron’s best-known works are the narrative poems "Don Juan" and "Childe Harold`s Pilgrimage" and the short lyric. He is regarded as one of the greatest British poets and widely read.

Poem "Darkness"(the extract):

I had a dream, which was not all a dream.

The bright sun was extinguished, and the stars

Did wander darkling in the eternal space,

Rayless, andpathless, and the icy Earth.

William Wordsworth(1770-1850) - was an eminent English poet. Together with the

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famous poet Samuel Taylor(1772-1834), he would launch the Romantic period and

school  of thought of English literature with their lyrical Ballads first were published in 1798. His masterpiece would be his largely autobioraphical poem entitled "The Prelude"(1850),which focused on the formative  experiences of his youth. His first two collections of poetry would be published in 1793,five years after  his first published poem. They would respectively be entitled "An evening walk" and "Descriptive Sketches".He was to attempt to write in as pure as possible English and thus try and touch as much as communicate through prose the high morals of love, beauty, nature, death and longing amonghst other ideals. In 1807 he published  "Poems in two volumes", which includes poems entitled: "Resolution and Independence", "Daffodils","My heart leaps up", "Ode :Intimations of Immortality", "Ode to Duty", "The Solitary Reaper" and etc.

"Daffodils"(extract):

I wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o`er vales and hills,

When all at once I saw a crowd,

A host of golen daffodils;

Mary Oliver(1935-....)is an American poet whose work reflects a deep communion with the natural world. Her first book of poetry was "No Voyage and Other Poems"(1963).These lyrical nature poems are set in variety of locales, especially the Ohio, where she was born. In poems such as "Night Traveler"(1978) and "Other Poems"(1972)she tried to recreate the past through memory and myth ; Oliver`s fluent imagery weaves together the worlds of humans, animals and plants. Her volume

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"American Primitive"(1983) - glorifies the natural world, reflecting the American fascination with the ideal of the pastoral life. Her poems are "New and Selected Poems"(1992),"White Pine"(1994),        "Blue Pastures"(1995) and "West Wind: Poems and prose Poems"(1997) are later collections.  He also wrote about the writing of poetry in two slender but rich volumes," A poetry handbook"(1995) and "Rules for the Dance: A handbook for writing and reading metrical verse"(1998)." Winter Hours"(1999) includes poetry, prose poems and essays on other poets.

"Wild geese"(extract):

You do not have to be good,

You do not have to walk on your knees

for a hundred miles through the desert, repenting.

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Chapter 2.

Poetical language.

In this chapter we should determine what poetical language is and how we can analyse it.

Poetical language is natural language that appear in certain poetic work or sets of one`s works.

Gregoryev  in his book “Poetics of word” determines poetic language like "language with installation on  creativity but whatsoever creativity is subject of aesthetic mark, this is language with installation on aesthetic important creativity".

The only permanent sign of poetical language is aesthetic function or poetic one. Poetic language also does a communicative function.

The feature of poetical language is that any language structures (phonetic, gramatical) can get meaning, becoming material for building new aesthetic  important language objects.  Words that don’t mean anything, in poetical language  get semantic character.

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Chapter 3.

Analysis of Nature poetry.

So, which images we can see in poetry about nature in Russian and English languages?

Start with nature. What characters of nature poets draw in their verses.

In English poetry we can find such stiches as:

1) “…Nature like a picture book, laughing leaf and bright brook…”( "Man of the High North" by Robert Service);

2) “Dame Nature…” (Fred Emerson Brooks “Dame Nature’s Crasy Quilt”)

In Russian poetry:

1)"Нежная матерь Природа!"(Н. Карамзин "Выздоровление")

The favorite theme of English and Russian poets is spring time:

English poetry:

1)"In the Desert a fountain is springing"("Stanzas to Augusta" by Byron);

2)"Flowery May"; "Bounteous May"("Song of May morning" by Horton);

3)"Luxuriously spring`s honied cud"("The human seasons" by John Keats);

4)"Clean Spring"("Rоver" by Robert Service).

Russian poetry:

1)"Природа не проснулась, весну послышала она и ей невольно улыбнулась…"(Ф. Тютчев);

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2)"..Земли печален вид…"(Ф. Тютчев);

3)"…Утро года…"( "Евгений Онегин");

4)"Светла блаженно-равнодушна, как подобает божествам"(Ф. Тютчев "Весна");

5)"Идет, гудит Зеленый Шум, Весенний Шум"(Некрасов,"Зеленый Шум").

We can note that Russian poets see in spring positive and negative characters, but English creators write only good images.

Russian poets write about winter:

1)"Волшебница Зима"( "Евгений Онегин");

2)"Мороз-воевода, дозором обходит владенья свои"(Некрасов, "Мороз-воевода");

3)"Чародейкою Зимою" (Ф. Тютчев "Чародейкою зимою");

4)"Ведьма злая" (Ф. Тютчев);

5)"Угрюмая зима" (Бунин"В степи").

6).."Кругом зима. Жестокая пора!" (А. Фет)

English poets:

1)"Frosty mom"("Flowers in winter" by John Greenleud Whittier);

2)"Thee Winter in the garland wears"("To the Daisy" by Bayron);

In Russian poetry there are a lot of literary works about winter, where we can see different images. English poetry is much poorer in this topic. We can explain this fact

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by climate conditions. Winter in Russia long and frosty and of course it inspires poets a lot.

Writing about winter poets pay great attention to snow.

In English poetry we can find:

1)"Downy flake"("Stopping by woоd on a snowy Evening" by Robert Frost);

2)..."Quiet snow, light and airy"..("Snow in the air" by Raymond A. Foss);

3)"Tumultuous snow"("Stars" by Robert Frost).

Russian poetry:

1)"Как воск, снега пушистые"( "Пройдет зима холодная");

2)..."Под снежной бахромой неподвижной и немой"..(Ф. Тютчев"Чародейкою Зимою");

3)"Лес опутан и окован цепью пуховой" (Ф. Тютчев,"Чародейкою Зимою");

As we see the image of snow is alike in both languages.

Poets also pay great attention to forests and woods.

In English poetry:

1)"A tree declared to the gloom"(by John Keats);

2)"The woods are lovely, dark and deep"("Stopping by wood on a snowy Evening");

3)"Of the forests whispering fleeces"("Robin Hood" by John Keats);

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4)"Wise trees"("Winter trees" by William Carlsos Williams);

InRussianpoetry:

1)"Прозрачные леса"( "Евгений Онегин");

2)"Листами изумрудными леса зазеленеются"( "Пройдет зима xолодная");

3)"Лес дремучий”

"Глубоким мраком полон он, как будто набежали тучи"

( "Клонит к лени полдень жгучий");

4)"И стоит он околдован ни мертвец и ни живой" (Тютчев,"Чародейкою Зимою");

5)"Древа обнажены;

Ветхий лист и шумен и душист" ( "Евгений Онегин");

We can note that English and Russian poets draw image of forest as something magic and alive.

Air theme of poetry consists of various epithets.

In English poetry:

1)"Moonless air"; "Dull sky"("Darkness" by Byron);

2)"Smokeless air"("Upon west bridge" by  William Wordsworth);

3)"Charmed air"("The poet" by Byron);

4)"Basest clouds"(Sonet 33 by W. Shakspeare);

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5)"Lonely as a cloud"("Daffodil" by William Wordsworth);

6)"Feathery clouds were floating all along the purple west"("To my brother George" by Byron);

7)"The fangeled bine-stems scored the sky like strings of broken lyres"(by John Keats).

In Russian poetry:

1)"На крыльях ветерка летают облака"();

2)"Тонкий воздух" (А. Ахматова "Божий ангел зимним утром");

3)"Ласковое небо" (Бунин "В степи");

4)"И небо в тучах, как в пуху"(Б. Пастернак "Весна в лесу").

We can see that some of the epithets are alike in English and Russian and some of them are different.

We have studied poetical images of nature in different languages and now we will learn the ways of translations poetry from one language into another.

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Chapter 4.

The ways of poetical translation.

4.1.Types of sense transformation in translation of poems.

Translation is a process of speech transformation of poems from one language poem intoanother language saving the plan of contents

The main aim of translation is to create a new poetical text like an original and to transmit the main idea and aesthetic function, pragmatic and organization of poem.

Poetical text has a special structure organization, where there is elements (number of lines and its building, the size of lines, rhymes, their place and etc.),they have important significance and often tied with contents. This structure organization represents the form of poetical work and influence on choice in translation.

But nobody can achieve an absolutely perfect translated poem from original one. There are always wastes of contents and formal elements. There are several methods of translation of one poem:

1)Poetic translation - is the only one way of translation of poetry intended for poetic communication. It has to transmit the sense of text and save an aesthetic function and poetic organization.

2) Written in verse translation - is the method of translation poems when the fact information of an original poem is transfered to language translation by poetical words. This kind of translation is closed to original one with words and expressions. But the aesthetic function is lost.

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3)Philological translation is made by prose and aimed at maximal full transfer the fact information of original poem and aesthetic function.

The poeticaltext consists of three aspects : semantic(what is saying),stylistic(how is saying) and pragmatic(what reaction reader has).These three aspects must  to be saved in translation.

4.2. Translators’ experience.

There are a lot of translators who work with poetry.

Let’s examine some examples of translations.

1)"Песчинка как в морских волнах"

"A grain of sand in oceans borne"

2)"Лице свое скрывает день;

Поля покрыла влажна ночь.."

"Day draws a veil across her face

Night vapours overlay the land.."

(М. Ломоносов"Вечернее размышление о Божием величестве при случае великого северного сияния".TranslatedbyPeterTempest).

3)"Безмолвное море, лазурное море"(В. Жуковский "Море"(Элегия))

Sea bright as high heaven, sea speechless and silent...(translated by Peter Tempest);

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4)"Буря мглою небо кроет,

Вихри снежные крутя;

То, какзверь, она завоет,

То заплачет, как дитя..."( "Зимний вечер");

O`er the earth a storm is powling,

Bringing haze and driving snow.

Like a beast I hear it howling,

Like an infant wailing low.

(Translated by Irina Zheleznova).

5)В пустыне чахлой и скупой,

На почве, зноем раскаленной,

Анчар, как грозный часовой,

(A. С.Пушкин "Анчар")

Стоит-один во всей вселенной.

On sands where sunshine is a curse,

Antiar, a sentry grim and dreaded,

Alone in all the universe

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Stands, to the arid stillness wedded.

(Translated by Irina Zheleznova).

6)..."На мутном небе мгла носилась;

Луна, как бледное пятно,

Сквозь тучи мрачные желтела"..

( "Зимнее утро")

.."A turbid haze swam in the sombre,

Wind-ravaged sky, and through the grey

Murk of the clouds the moon shone dully"..

(Translated by Irina Zheleznova)

7)"Ночевала тучка золотая

На груди утеса-великана.."

(М. Лермонтов "Утес")

"By a cliff a golden cloud once lingered;

On his breast it slept..."

(Translated by Irina Zheleznova)

8)"..Ночь тиха. Пустыня внемлет богу,

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И звезда с звездою говорит."

(М. Лермонтов)

"..Night is still, all earthly sounds are dying;

Nature lists to God; star speaks to star".

(Translated by Irina Zheleznova)

9)"Full many a glorious morning have I seen

Flatter the mountain tops with sovereigh eye,

Kissing with golden face the meadows green,

Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy"

("Sonet 33" byW. Shaekspeare)

"Я наблюдал, как солнечный восход

Ласкает горы взором благосклонным,

Потом улыбку шлет лугам зеленым

И золотит поверхность бледных вод.

(аршак)

10)"Лениво дышит полдень мглистый;

Лениво катится река..."

(Ф. Тютчев "Полдень")

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"Misty noon breathes idly.

Idly waters play."

(TranslatedbyF. Judo)

11).."Светла, блаженно-равнодушна

Как подобает божествам..."

(Ф. Тютчев "Весна)

..."Like an echo of springos celebration,

Like the life-creating voice of a god!"

(Translated by F. Judo).

12)"I wandered lonely as a cloud

Thats floats on high o`er vales and hills.."

("Daffodils" by William Wordsworth)

"Печальным реял я туманом

Среди долин и гор седых..."

(ихачева).

We can note that translators often use written in verse translation, because sometimes the images are alike in both languages and it is much easier. Sometimes we can see poetical translation when images are changed to express definite mood and aesthetical function.

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Conclusion.

We have researched English and Russian poems about nature, have learned what poetic language is, have discovered the ways of poetry translation  and have studied the works of translators. To sum it up we can point out and mark out some moments of our work to make a conclusion.

1. Poetry is an important part of the language. Russian and English poets find inspiration in nature and every poet has his own writing style, which differs in rhythm, expression devices, characters of nature.

2. There are a lot of nature poems in English and Russian languages. The most loved themes are about seasons, such as Spring and Winter, also they like writing about the sky(clouds, air) thinking up unique images. They also pay attention to forest and wood showing its inner world.

3. Some images, which are drown by poets in Russian and English languages are alike:

Пушистый снег - downy flake;

Небо в тучах как в пуху-feathery clouds.

Some images are unique and every expression in its own language has its own aesthetic and sense functions.

Deep forests-Дремучий лес;

Smokeless air-Тонкий воздух;

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4. Poetical translators not only translate the text but also transfer sense and aesthetic functions. And every translator has his own way to achieve the aim.

Translation from one language into another and vice versa is difficult work that requires a lot of patience, efforts, inspiration and of course deep knowledge of languages. Sometimes  it is necessary for translator to create another image to show  mood of the poet.

We  would like to continue our research and try to translate Russian and English poems about Nature. Besides it would be very interesting to compare works of classical poets and modern ones. 

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The List of used literature.

1)АНГЛИЙСКАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА для 8 класса, школ с преподаванием ряда предметов на английском языке. Издание 1-ое. Издательство "Просвещение", Москва 1969.

2) Язык и перевод. - М.:Международные отношения, 1975.

3)тихосложение и поэтический перевод(фрагмент). Поэтика перевода. 1988

4)Джордж Гордон Байрон. ИЗБРАННОЕ. На английскомязыке. Изданиевторое. Издательство "Прогресс", 1979.

5)Русская поэзия 18-20вв. Составитель предисловия Николай Банников. На английском языке, "Прогресс",1980.

6) О художественном переводе. - ЛОГИЗ гос. изд-во художественной литературы,1991.

7)(Ленинград)  Мастерство перевода: 1996. М.,Совесткийписатель,1968.

8)Poetical Works of John Keats. ProgressPublishers, Moscow 1966.

9)The best of Robert Service. McGraw-Hill ryerson limited Toronto. PrintedintheUSA.

Sources from Internet:

1)lib. . ru

2)http://www. krugosvet. ru/enc/gumanitarnye nauki/lingvistica/POETICHESKI YAZIK. html

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3)http://www. /15/207/1565399.html

Authors of poems, which are used in research:

1) Н. Карамзин, Ф. Тютчев, , Некрасов, Бунин, А. Фет, , А. Ахматова, Б.Пастернак.

2) ron, Horton, John Keats, Robert Service, John Greenleud Whittier, Robert Frost, Raymond A. Foss, William Carlsos Williams, William Wordsworth, William Shaekspeare.

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