Практическое занятие № 1 Why do firms seek to raise productivity? (стр. 5 )

2. The supply of short-term finance is dominated by post offices.

3. The main function of the Stock Exchange is to provide a market where the owners of loan stocks and shares can sell them to other people and firms who want to buy them.

5. Передайте устно на английском языке основное содержание текста «Raising capital».

6. Переведите устно термины и терминологические словосочетания с русского языка на английский.

сбережения, выплачивать процент, ставка процента, комиссионный сбор за открытие счета, кредит под обеспечение, необеспеченный кредит, отказ выплачивать кредит, неоплата, вклад, кредитор, заемщик, снятие денег со счета, взнос, задаток, плата, беспроцентный кредит, фактор-компания, капитальная прибыль, приобретение контрольного пакета акций компании, предъявитель (чека, облигаций и т. п.), срок погашения ссуды, превращаться из частной компании в публичную путем выпуска акций на свободный рынок, размещение акций на бирже.

Практическое занятие № 6

The need for financial documents

1. Прочитайте вслух слова. Используя словарь, объясните их значения, обратите внимание на точность их произношения:

transaction, enquiry, remittance, invoice, request, receipt, deduction, drawer, drawee, payer, payee, representative, quotation, reply, confirm, estimate, acknowledgement, consignment, surcharge, counterfoil, reconciliation.

2. Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст «The need for financial documents» на русский язык.

The need for financial documents

Financial information is essential to all organizations engaged in productive activities. It is important that all financial transactions are recorded, that records are kept up to date, and that information can be retrieved easily when required, for the following reasons:

 To monitor business performance. Business managers need financial records in order to be able to measure how well their organization has performed. This will assist them in future business planning.

 To record all purchases and sales. A business will need to keep track of total purchases and sales so that the firm can know how much money they owe to suppliers and how much is owed to them by their debtors.

 To produce final accounts. Business owners and managers need to see financial accounts at the end of the financial year in order to judge the total worth of the business and how much profit or loss has been made. Limited companies are required by law to produce annual accounts.

 To fulfill legal requirements. Organizations are required by law to produce accounts so that the tax authorities can calculate how much corporation tax and VAT they are liable to pay.

 To confirm mutual understanding between buyer and seller.

Any exchange of goods or services between organizations and individuals is called a transaction. A transaction is a two-way process. It involves one firm making a purchase and another making a sale. It is, therefore, important that both buyers and sellers can confirm arrangements for orders, delivery dates, prices and methods of payments. This can only be done by making sure each has a copy of relevant documents.

For all of these reasons, accurate financial records must be maintained. The recording of financial information is called bookkeeping. These records are based upon the many thousands or millions of transactions made by firms each day. In the vast majority of firms, the daily and weekly transactions are far too many to be remembered, so every sale or purchase, or business expense, must be recorded on paper for subsequent entry into the bookkeeping system.

Recording information about transactions often requires a lot of paperwork. To speed this process up, businesses have devised special documents to use. Invoices, order forms, purchase documents, bank paying-in slips, and sales invoices are just a few of the kinds of documents used to record transactions. Information from these documents is then transferred to the bookkeeping system in order to record totals for sales, purchases, and other business expenses.

Financial documents are required not only to assist business managers in remembering transactions, but also to provide evidence that the transactions actually took place. For example, it might be tempting for some business managers to attempt to hide sales in order to avoid tax, but a quick check through the invoices raised by the firm by independent auditors will usually reveal the true picture.

3. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту:

1. Why is it necessary to document financial transactions?

2. What do business managers need financial records for?

3. Why does a business need to keep track of total purchases and sales?

4. Why are organizations required by law to produce annual accounts?

5. What is a transaction?

6. How can buyers and sellers confirm arrangements for orders, delivery dates, prices and methods of payments?

7. What is used by businesses to speed up the recording process?

4. Выберите утверждения, соответствующие содержанию прочитанного текста:

1. The organizations engaged in productive activities don’t really need financial information.

2. All financial transactions are recorded in order to monitor business performance.

3. Businesses need to keep track of total purchases and sales so that they can know how much money they owe to suppliers and how much is owed to them by their debtors.

4. As a rule business owners and managers don’t need to see financial accounts.

5. Some business managers try to hide sales in order to avoid tax.

5. Передайте устно на английском языке основное содержание текста «The need for financial documents».

6. Переведите устно термины и терминологические словосочетания с русского языка на английский.

сделка, документ, контракт, договор, запрос, счет, счет-фактура, авизо, накладная, чек, квитанция, накладная, аккредитив, форма, корреспонденция, декларация, оферта, отчет.