Тема 8. Ссуды. Present simple. Present simple глагола - to have-. Much, many, (a) little, (a) few

Тема 8. Ссуды. Present simple. Present simple глагола - to have-. Much, many, (a) little, (a) few.

Цель изучения темы:  использование глагола - to have-, повторение и закрепление использования настоящего простого времени, построения вопросительных и отрицательных предложений в этом времении, развить навык чтения, понимания и перевода профессионально направленных текстов, развить умение составлять словосочетания и предложения на основе известного лексического материала.

Глагол -to have - переводится "иметь". В простом настоящем времени (Present Simple) глагол - to have - имеет формы:

I have - у меня есть We have - у нас есть

You have - у тебя есть You have - у вас есть

She has - у неё есть

He has - у него есть They have - у них есть

It has - у него\неё есть

Вопросительные и отрицательные предложения строятся также со вспомогательными глаголами - do/does

Do I have - есть ли у меня Do we have - есть ли у нас

Do you have - есть ли у тебя Do you have - есть ли у вас

Does she have - есть ли у неё

Does he have - есть ли у него Do they have - есть ли у них

Does it have - есть ли у него\неё

I don't have - у меня нет We don't have - у нас нет

You don't have - у тебя нет You don't have - у вас нет

She doesn't have - у неё нет

He doesn't have - у него нет They don't have - у них нет

It doesn't have - у него\неё нет

I. Granting the Loan on an Open Note

Builder:I received your notice that my note is due. I can pay it off now, but there is a piece of land right next to I my property that I'd like to buy.

Banker:I don't remember your situation exactly. Are your present holdings free of encumbrance?

Builder:My real estate is clear. But there's a chattel mortgage on my construction equipment.

Banker :Has this land you want to buy been appraised?

Builder:Yes. It belongs to an estate and was appraised by order of the court. They estimated its value at $20,000.

Banker:Can it be bought for that figure!

Builder:I think so. I'd like to make them that offer.

Banker:Would you consider giving us a trust deed to secure your present note plus the additional funds you'll need?

Builder:I might. But I'd thought that my net worth is high enough that I could borrow the amount on my open note.

Banker:Well, in that case, would your wife agree to be a co-signer?

Builder:I'm sure she would, because title to the property will be in both our names.

Banker:Well, it seems to me that you have enough equity in your property for us to make the loan on an open note.

Text

Banks make their profits by lending the money to others who need it for personal or business reasons. Most people need more money than they have currently available at some time in their lives.

To be a borrower you must be a customer of the bank because the money will be lent to you through a bank account. There are two ways in which you may borrow. The first, and easy, is to spend more money than you have in your current Accountto overdraw. The second, and the normal way of borrowing larger amounts or for a long period of lime is the loan.

If a manager permits an overdraft on current account he is likely to set a limit to the size of the overdraft and may set a date by which the account is back in credit. Businesses whose payments and receipts are often irregular will frequently need to use overdraft facilities and they are often granted to private customers as well particularly when the manager knows that regular payments are made directly into the account.

If a loan is granted it will be a fixed sum immediately available for a fixed period of lime. The principal and the interest on it may all become due for payment at the end of that period. For personal loans it is common to arrange that the loan and interest are repaid in equal regular installments over the period of the loan. A separate account is opened to record the repayments as they are made.

Whether you are seeking money for business or personal reasons there are a number of things that the manager will want to know before he is prepared to grant your request. That will be the amount that you seek and the arrangements for re-payment that you are able to suggest. You need to tell him something about the purpose of the loan, я business loan is likely to help you make profits out of which the loan can be repaid with interest. Personal loans usually have to be repaid out of an income which will not gel any bigger and the manager will be particularly anxious to ensure that you are not being too optimistic. In deciding this he will be considerably assisted by his knowledge of you and his estimate of your character.

Sometimes people do not ask for enough money because they are anxious about the burden of the repayments. The manager will try to ensure that you will have enough money to do what you want to do. Finally he will consider whether or not you really will be able to repay and what kind of security you can offer if you will not be able repay. In the case of a business the manager may well want to see well prepared, relevant documents such as profit and loss accounts and balance sheets for the recent years. He would also ask about the expected return from the use of the money and want to see some figures upon which you have based your calculations. For a business good security might be one or more of the assets of the business while personal loans arc often secured by such things as life insurance or the deeds of your house.

Упражнение 1. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту и к диалогу.

Part II.

·  Why is the builder asking for the extension of his note?

·  What is his present financial standing?

·  Has the land he wants to buy been appraised?

·  What sort of guarantee does the banker insist on to secure the funds the builder will need?

·  What made the builder think that he could borrow the amount on an open note?

·  Who will hold the title to the property purchased?

·  Why has the banker agreed to grant the loan on an open note?

·  What two kinds of borrowings are possible?

·  In what circumstances an overdraft on current account is permissible?

·  How are personal loans usually repaid?

·  Will you pay hack more than you borrowed? What will the difference be?

·  What information will the manager require a personal loan?

·  What information will he require for a business loan?

·  What other things will he take into account?

·  What will he need from you to make the loan safer for him?

·  What might you offer as collateral for a personal loan?

Упражнение 2. Используя слова в скобках, составьте предложения, которые объясняют следующие термины и фразы.

·  the mortgage is being amortized (regular payments on, the principal, the interest, make)

·  obligation (must, indebtedness, repay)

·  to retire present debts (current, pay off)

·  to liquidate the liability (any official obligation, pay off)

·  the land has been appraised (estimate, its value)

·  an estate (a dead person, left by, the holdings and obligations)

·  trust (the legal responsibility, in financial mailers, given to one party, to act for another)

·  a trust deed (a deed to, real estate, security for a loan, held as)

·  to make a loan on an open note (grant, the repayment, not guaranteed collateral security)

·  to stipulate (insist upon, state, particular date)

·  to repay (give back, pay off)

·  expected return (profits, earnings, income)

·  security (ensure repayment, deeds, insurance, policy, reduce risk)

Упражнение 3. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод слов много, мало.

1. Моя сестра много работает. 2. Они читают много английских книг. 3. Ваш сын много работает? - Нет, он работает очень мало сейчас. 4. Он получает много писем каждый день. 5. Мы очень много читаем и очень мало пишем в классе. 6. Ваш сын много читает? - Да, много. Обычно он читает по вечерам. 7. Многие студенты знают два иностранных языка. 8. Не читайте слишком много вечером. 9. Мы посылаем письма многим иностранным фирмам.

Упражнение 4. Найдите синонимичные выражения из текста к данным словосочетаниям.

·  to promise as security

·  2. to pay off debts

·  3. to grant a permission to borrow money

·  to make regular payments on the borrowed money

·  to judge the value of something

·  to guarantee the payment of the loan

·  to give a mortgage on one's furniture and other movable possessions

·  to give a deed to the properly as security for the loan

·  to sign with someone a document and share the obligation

·  valuable items handed over to reduce the risk of a loan

·  to fix a date by which something must he done

·  to lake more money out of your account than you have in it

Упражнение 5. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

1. Не translates very many letters into English. 2. The teacher gives us a lot of homework. 3. Your friends read. a lot. 4. She gets a lot of telegrams every day. 5. They work too much.

Упражнение 6. Из данных ниже слов составьте словосочетания и переведите.

Asset, current, equipment, committee, deed, discount, documents, installment, loan, net, worth.

Упражнение 7.

a) Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.

(USUALLY) 1. My sister (to get) up at eight o'clock. 2. She (to be) a school-girl. She (to go) to school in the afternoon. 3. Jane (to be) fond of sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. 4. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. 5. After breakfast she (to go) to school. 6. It (to take) him two hours to do his homework. 7. She (to speak) French well. 8. My working day (to begin) at seven o'clock. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) mi morning exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes! At half past seven we (to have) breakfast. My - father and I (to leave) home at eight o'clock. He (to take) a bus to his factory. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine o'clock. In the evening we (to gather) in the living-room. We (to watch) TV and (to talk).

b) Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.

(ОБЫЧНО) 1. Я работаю. 2. Мы работаем. 3. Они не работают. 4. Вы работаете? - Да. 5. Он работает? - Нет. Он учится. 6. Мой брат не учится. Он работает. 7. Моя сестра не читает книг. 8. Наша бабушка любит спать на диване. 9. Вы любите отдыхать в кресле? 10. Мы едим и пьем в кухне. 11. Мой брат не любит читать газеты. 12. Мы спим в спальне. 13. Мой брат спит на диване в жилой комнате. 14. Моя сестра одевается перед зеркалом. 15. Мой дядя пишет книги. 16. Мы пишем упражнения в школе.