A B
1) to cross a) one’s ambitions
2) to have b) the world
3) to give c) one’s hand
4) to achieve d) one’s watch
5) on e) the equator
6) to see f) this way and that
7) to wish g) a brush
8) to check h) one’s teen
9) to turn i) schedule
10) to travel j) a successful trip
11) to reach k) a meal
12) to press l) by road
2. Reproduce the situations in which the following phrases are used:
To look into the mirror; to listen to the weather forecast; to envy smb., the job; to be elected “Stewardess of the Year”; to know exactly what to do; to be afraid of heights; to be aware of; to choose carefully; to cure; to conquer one’s fear; to approach Paris; to say goodbye to each and every one; to board the coach back to London.
3. Use prepositions where necessary:
1. It wasn’t exactly … Pan Am or British Airways she was working … but, even so, she was proud … what she’d achieved.
2. She reported … duty and picked … her passenger list.
3. … the young mother traveling alone … three children; the elderly gentleman … a bad leg; the two young girls who looked … nervous and perhaps were not used … traveling.
4. Sue often thought back … the careers interview she’d had … school.
5. Even two rungs … a ladder was too much … her.
6. She was … uniform and had popped … Marks and Spencer …, a take-away sandwich.
7. She’d smiled back … him.
8. You told … me … every problem there is a solution.
9. She could see it … his face.
10. She made … a last tour … her passengers, checking everything … one last time.
11. “I’m just doing my job”, she told him … a smile.
12. Probably some … her passengers were frightened … flying too.
4. Find facts from the story to support these statements:
1. Jenny not only liked her job, she was proud of it.
2. Jenny always knew what she wanted.
3. Everybody tried to help the girl to solve her problem.
4. Mr Sheldon, Jenny’s old careers teacher, was glad to see her. So was she.
5. Jenny was an excellent stewardess
5. Discuss the following situations:
1. Give a character sketch of Jenny.
2. Retell the story a) as Jenny; b) as her mother; c) as Mr Sheldon, Jenny’s careers teacher.
3. Do you agree that for every problem there is a solution. Express your opinion.
4. “Character is destiny”. Use the facts from the story to support this statement or give your own facts to dispute about it.
ment on the following proverbs: a) “Foolish fear doubles danger”;
b) “He that fears lives not”.
Part 4. Speech Practice
1. Act out the following dialogues:
Dialogue A
Mr Kay: Twenty applicants — that's not bad for one advert.
I've made a shortlist of five, so we'd better call them
for interview.
Mr Samuel: Will next Monday do?
Mr Kay: Monday, all right. I'll see this one first, Janita Ling.
She seems to be the best qualified.
Mr Samuel: Is she the graduate in business studies?
Mr Kay: Yes, and I hope she's good at typing as well.
Dialogue В
Mr Kay: Now, Miss Ling, about your qualifications. 1 see that
you have fluent French as well as English and that you were working with your last company for four years. Tell me, why did you leave?
Candidate (A): Actually, J didn't leave. The company closed down.
Mr Kay: Closed down?
Candidate (A): Yes, it went bankrupt. So I was out of job.
Mr Kay: I see. And have you been doing anything since?
Candidate (A): I had a couple of temporary jobs, and now I really need something permanent.
Dialogue С
Mr Kay: So tell me, why are you applying to work in my company?
Candidate (B): Well, I was trained in book-keeping and office practice and I'd like to use my secretarial skills.
Mr Kay: I see. And apart from typing what experience do you have with office machinery?
Candidate (В): I know how to use the telex machine and the photocopier.
Mr Kay: All right. Well, I'll think it over and we'll get in touch with you in a day or two. Thank you for coming.
Dialogue D
Mr Kay: Now let me tell you a few things about the job. You
know the salary already. We pay a bonus twice a year and we give three weeks' holiday a year. Office hours are nine to five thirty and we work a five-day week. Do you have any questions?
Candidate (C): Er, yes. Well, I insist on a doctor's certificate if staff are away for longer than a couple of days.
Dialogue E
Mr Kay: Miss Ling is still my first choice, so could you give her a ring and I'll offer her the job. If she accepts I'll write to the others straight away so as not to keep them waiting.
Mr Samuel: Are you going to take up her references?
Mr Kay: No, there's no need to do that. I'm pretty sure we can trust her. If she accepts I'll write her a letter of appointment.
2. Act out the following dialogues:
DIALOGUE 1
A: I'm looking for a new job, sir.
B: What exactly do you want?
A: I wouldn't mind working in a pub.
B: Have you done anything like that before?
A: Well, I once did a bit of serving...
DIALOGUE 2
A: I wonder whether you need any part-timers.
B: What kind of work were you thinking of?
A: A hotel job or some sort.
B: Have you ever done anything similar?
A: Not so far, no. I’m more or less straight from school but I'll do my best because….
DIALOGUE 3
A: What do you do for a living?
B: Actually, I don't work yet. I go to Manchester Business School and study management.
A: Why have you chosen management as your future profession?
B: Because it's a demanding and prestigious job today.
DIALOGUE 4
A: What does your friend do?
B: Oh, he wants to take up computers.
A: Why does he want to study computer programming?
B: Well, he lost his job last month and hasn't been able to find another one.
DIALOGUE 5
A: What would you like to be, Philip?
B: Actually I don't know yet. I think I'd rather be a writer.
A: Are there any special reasons for that?
B: I see only one: I like to see my name in print.
Part 5. Reproduction Stage
1. Discuss jobs and wages. Follow the stages.
Stage1. Look at the list of jobs. Choose two which you think should be the best paid and the lowest paid. Explain the reasons.
computer programmer, doctor, farmer, fashion model, fire fighter, nurse, miner, professional footballer, police officer, scientist, street cleaner, teacher |
1. Think of these things about jobs you have chosen:
· the qualifications, skills and personal qualities needed
· the pay and conditions of the job now
· the importance of the job for society
· what pay and conditions the job should have
Stage 2. Discuss your opinions on two best-paid jobs and two lowest – paid jobs
2. Roleplay an interview “At the career advice center”.
1. Tell something about yourself. What are you strengths and weakness?
2. Tell about the problem you`ve had and how you handled it.
3. Why were you dismissed from the previous post?
4. What have you learned from your mistakes?
5. Tell about something successful that you have done. What kind of satisfaction did you get from this success?
6. Has your education prepared you well for the position you want to get?
7. Do you have any plans for getting more education or practical training?
8. What`s your professional objective? Where would you like to be professionally five years from now?
9. Can you describe a typical day on your last job?
10. What would you like your new boss for?
3. Writings:
· Imagine you are the interviewer on one side and on the other hand you are the candidate for these jobs: working in a snack bar and working as a tour guide. Write down the roles of the interviewer and the candidate.
· Interviewer: decide on the pay, hours worked, what kind of person you want to employ. Think of questions to ask about: education, languages, work experience, relevant personal qualities, hobbies, interests.
· Candidate: think of the information about yourself or invent information about education, school, best subjects, languages you speak, work experience, personal qualities, hobbies, interests. Think of the questions you ask the interviewer about the pay, hours of work etc.
UNIT 7. HEALTH PROBLEMS AND MEDICAL CARE
Part 1. Topical Vocabulary
hospital surgery polyclinic ambulance emergency chemist’s drug-store pill ointment cream iodine gargle antibiotic antiseptic anesthetic pain killer medical herb tranquilizer | disease illness sickness injury malady ailment be in poor/ no / critical condition be unfit for something be weakened / indisposed lung heart liver kidney chest breast stomach belly backbone | joint back side ankle knee bowels bandage syringe thermometer heating pad plaster injection stethoscope cotton-wool inhalation |
Examples:
· Pneumonia is a chest disease, which makes breathing very difficult.
· Mark has broken his arm. His knee is also damaged.
· You must take these tablets to reduce the inflammation.
· You can only get this ointment on prescription.
· The doctor protected the wound from the air by putting a bandage over it.
Examples:
· My throat is sore. It hurts to swallow.
· I m allergic to odours.
· I have a high blood pressure.
· My ear aches.
· It hurts me to move.
· My eyes itch.
· What shall I take for it?
flu/influenza tonsillitis quinsy sore throat asthma bronchitis heart disease hay fever food poisoning indigestion | sun-stroke chest infection ear infection blood pressure appendicitis AIDS cancer allergy pneumonia the measles |
Examples:
· He was suffering from chronic appendicitis.
· My appendix is causing me trouble again.
doctor’s activity | patient’s activity |
test/take blood pressure examine/feel the pulse sound the chest/heart/lungs pull/take out a tooth make/give an injection write a prescription stop/fill a tooth pull out a tooth do X-ray do blood test remove tonsils operate on treat cure hygiene | strip to the waist spread fingers stretch arms take the shirt off inhale exhale follow the directions of the doctor in-patient out-patient check-up affect addict recover disability |
Examples:
· The doctor arranged for me a compete series of tests.
· He gave me an injection to relieve the pain.
· Before going to the doctor you should make an appointment.
prescriptions | medical specialists |
prescribe an injection take medicine apply the ointment/drops rub the cream wear glasses/contact lenses stay from work put a bandage/plaster on have an operation stay in bed for some time keep warm be on a sick list take a hot water bottle/bag consult a doctor do blood transfusion take more exercise lie flat sick-note sick-leave | surgeon pediatrician general practitioner (GP) physiotherapist pathologist internist dentist nurse neurologist urologist gynecologist anesthesiologist ophthalmologist orthopedic pharmacist optician veterinarian psychiatrist |
Examples:
· The doctor prescribed an antibiotic to the sick man.
· How should the medicine be taken? On an empty stomach? After/before a meal?
· How do I take this medicine? How often/how much should I take it?
· How long is your sick-leave?
Part 2. Training Exercises
1. Use the words from the list to fill the gaps :
Take, have, feel, write, cut, be, fall, injure, prescribe, recover, send for, pick up, call
1. One can____________drugs.
2. One can____________a prescription.
3. One can____________a headache.
4. One can____________feverish/sick.
5. One can____________one’s hand.
6. One can____________an injection.
7. One can____________of poor health.
8. One can____________ill.
9. One can____________from the illness.
10. One can____________some infection.
11. One can____________the ambulance.
12. One can____________a doctor.
2. Choose the right words in italics.
1. To work well you must be healthy/ill.
2. It’s not healthy to be slim/stout.
3. A temperature is another word for illness/fever.
4. The doctor feels your pulse/temperature.
5. When something irritates your throat you have to cough/sneeze.
6. When something tickles inside your nose you have sneeze/cough.
7. I can’t stand the pain. It’s very sharp/dull.
8. I think I’ve got flu/food poisoning. The weather was so wet these days.
9. When the doctor knows the symptoms he gives his diagnosis/medical insurance.
10. When you have recovered we say that the doctor has cured/treated you.
11. When you are seriously ill you are taken to a hospital/health center.
3. Match the name of the doctor with the area in which he specializes.
1) pediatrician 2) gynecologist 3) neurologist 4) urologist 5) dentist 6) veterinarian 7) anesthesiologist 8) internist 9) general practitioner 10) orthopedic 11)plastic surgeon 12)ophthalmologist | a) a doctor who treats problems related to the nerves. b) a doctor who cares for teeth c) a doctor who treats children only d) a doctor who treats eye problems e) a doctor who treats animals only f) a doctor who treats urinary-tract problems g) a doctor who treats the entire family and who does not specialize in only one area (GP) h) a doctor who specializes in internal medicine j) a doctor who treats women's problems I) a doctor who treats bone problems |
4. Read the statement and say where the possible conversation can take place.
1) I'd like an appointment to see a doctor. a) at an optician
2) I'd like to arrange for my eyes to be tested. b) at a bank
3) You'd take two tablets twice a day. c) at a doctor's office
4) It's written on the bottle. d) at an airline office
5) I'm ringing to reconfirm my reservation e) at a chemist's
on flight 210. f) at a dentist's
6) I'd like to see the manager about a loan.
7) I'd like to have my tooth removed.
5. What medical problems might you have if...
1. you wear shoes that rub?
2. you eat too fast?
3. you smoke a lot'?
4. you play football?
5. you stay too long in the sun?
6. you think you're ill all the time?
7. you run unusually fast for a bus?
8. you eat food that is bad?
9. a mosquito bites you?
10. you get wet on a cold day?
Part 3. Reading
Ex. 1. Read the text and match the titles to the paragraphs.
1. Naturally nano
2. Small but dangerous?
3. Waiting time
4. What should be done?
5. Here and now
6. Future vision
7. Early days
The Future of Healthcare
A)___________In the future, nanotechnologies could help doctors detect disease earlier, target drugs to exact locations in the body, and give us new ways to grow and repair body tissue. But what will this “mini” medicine be like?
Media images often show extremely small submarines shooting through the blood, but this vision of nano-sized healthcare is unlikely to become a reality. Scaled-down metal machines won’t work on the nano-scale.
B)______________But nanomachines actually already exist inside you. They are large molecules, like the enzymes that help power of your body, and the ribosomes that make the proteins to form your hair and nails. They are present inside the cells of your body, they just don’t look like our idea of machines. But they are designed to work on the nano-scale. If we could learn to copy their designs, we might be able to build nano-sized robots to help heal our bodies.
C)_____________ The arrival of nanomachines that could help repair our bodies is a long way off. Before we can design these devices, we need to understand how things work on this tiny scale. Most of this research is still at a very early stage. Scientists at Oxford University are studying how the tails, or “flagella”, of some bacteria work. This type of tiny motor could be used in future as a propeller for delivering drugs around the body.
D)_____________ A lot of current work is focused on developing sensors that detect diseases and tiny capsules that take medicines to where they’re needed most in the body. But it could be a long time before we see the benefits. All new medicines have to go through long trials to make sure they’re safe. So we’ll probably have to wait years for most nano-sized healthcare to reach doctors’ surgeries and hospitals.
E)_____________ However, cosmetics and beauty companies are already using this tiny technology to big effect. Skin scientists have designed nano – sized “containers that can carry a product’s active ingredients deep into your skin, where they work most effectively. And some sunscreens now contain zinc oxide nanoparticles. These protect you from the Sun’s rays but, unlike larger particles, they don’t give you that chalky look.
F_____________ Some people are concerned that putting such small particles into our bodies may cause us harm. The tiny size of nanoparticles means they don’t have the same properties as larger particles of the same material. So a chemical that is safe in its normal state might actually be harmful in its nano – form. Then again, it might remain harmless. We don’t really know yet.
G____________ A recent report by the Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering recommended further research was needed into the possible damaging effects of nanoparticles. They also suggested that all consumer products containing nanoparticles should be labeled.
GLOSSARY nanoparticles наночастицы nano - scale наномасштаб body tissue ткани тела ribosome рибосома, гранула flagella жгутики, реснички zinc oxide окись цинка |
Ex. 2. Answer questions:
1.What have you known about nanomachines?
2.How can nanotechnologies be helpful in the future?
3.What are some of dangers of this scientific invention?
4.Do we need further research in this sphere?
Ex.3. What is nanotechnology? Find the definition.
Part 4. Speech Practice
1. Note how people ask about health.
– I've got a terrible headache.
– Why don't you lie down for half an hour?
– I think I will
– I haven't seen your brother lately. How is he?
– As a matter of fact, he's laid up.
– Oh, dear! What's up with him?
– We don't know but we are having the doctor in tomorrow.
– How's your friend these days?
– He hasn't been too well just recently.
– I'm sorry to hear that. What's the matter?
– I think he's been overworking.
– I hope he soon gets over it.
– Thank you. He'll be pleased to hear you asked after him.
(A person sneezes). – Bless you. What s the matter? Are you all right?
– No I feel sick. I've got a headache.
– Oh I'm sorry. Would you like to call the doctor?
– No! I think there is nothing serious. I’ll take an aspirin and lie in bed.
– How annoying for you to lie in bed.
2. Making an Appointment
1
– Can I fix an appointment with the doctor?
– Hold on a second, please. I’ll check his schedule. I'm afraid, he is busy. Will tomorrow morning suit you?
– What time? – Let me see. 9 o'clock.
– Could I make it an hour earlier?
– Sorry, you can't, but I'll ring you if somebody cancels.
2
- Dr. Hall's-surgery.
- Er, good morning. I'd like to make an appointment to see a doctor.
- For which day? For today if possible.
- I'm sorry, we're fully booked for today. Is tomorrow all right?
- I'm afraid, not. I do feel very ill. Can't you fit me in today at all?
- Well, you might have to wait a long time but come along at 6.30 in the evening.
- Thank you.
3. At the Doctor's Surgery
- Good morning. What's wrong with you?
- I don't feel very well, doctor.
- Tell me what seems to be the trouble.
- I’ve got a pain in my back.
- What sort of pain is it? Sharp? Dull?
- It’s very sharp.
- When did it start and how long have you been like this?
- It came on yesterdays when I was playing tennis.
- Let me have a look... How does this feel?
- It s very sore. Doctor, what should I do?
4. At the Dentists
- Good morning, doctor. One of my front teeth is working loose, and there is a false tooth at the back that wants treatment.
- I am very sorry, but I'm afraid you'll have to pull the front tooth out. Has the other one been very troublesome? Is it sensitive to heat or cold?
- Yes, on and off for the last few weeks, but today the pain seems to be here.
- Does this tooth pain you when I touch it like that?
- Yes, it does.
- Then you must have the bad tooth stopped before the nerve gets exposed. It may take considerable drilling. I advise you to make a gold filling. It will hold for very long.
- I dread coming to see a dentist and here it is.
5. At the Chemist’s
- Here is my prescription. Could you make it up for me, please?
- OK, I’ll do it for you straight away. It’ll only take you some minutes. (I’ll have it ready for you by 5.30.)
- Thank you. How often should I take it?
- The doctor said you should take two tablets, three times a day after meals. It's written on the bottle.
- How long should I take them?
- Until you feel better - three or four days perhaps.
- Thanks a the way, what do you suggest for sunburn?
- This ointment should clear up the *****b in every four hours.
Part 5. Reproduction Stage
1. Give your advice to people in the following situations.
Use the phrases:
If I were you..., Why don't you..., Have you thought of… It might be an idea to..., Do you think it's time that you...
1. I wonder if I'm the right person to be a teacher.
2. I don't know whether to major in linguistics or in literature.
3. Mark is 28. He has a bad cough. He smokes 20 cigarettes a day.
4. My appendix is causing me trouble again.
5. I'm always late for work.
6. I'm homesick.
7.Your brother is having trouble with his old car which he likes.
8. One of your friends is arriving at the airport. The taxis are very expense
but there is a very good bus service.
9. Your colleague is at a party with you. He has to drive home. He wants
another drink.
10. It has started to rain. Your friend is about to go out without an umbrella.
2. Use should or shouldn't, had better or hadn’t better give advice to a friend who:
1. never takes any exercise;
2. is very unhappy in his job;
3. eats too much and is overweight;
4. goes out in the streets at night;
5. spends a lot of time watching TV;
6. failed his exam in English.
3. A fellow-student of yours who has missed some classes rings you up.
Ask him/ her about his/ her health.
Tell him/ her this exiting news: you have a new teacher of English.
Advise him/ her to learn all the words to avoid troubles.
UNIT 8. HOW TO BECOME SUCCESSFUL
Part 1. Topical Vocabulary
Succeeding | |
Succeed (in) | Achieve success |
Come off | Make fortune |
Manage | Bring fame |
Be able | Be confident |
Achieve | Feel secure |
Attain | Be lucky |
Realize | Be determined/dominant |
Accomplish | Be promoted |
Fulfill | Win |
Cope with | Break records |
Capture |
Falling | ||
Fail | Failure | Bother |
Collapse | Misfortune | Fold |
Lose | Difficulty | Falter |
Defeat | Problem | Have trouble |
Hurt | Hardship | Be bankrupt |
Misfire | Trouble | Come to nothing |
Superiority | ||
Surpass | Superior | Ruling |
Overpass | Chief | Supreme |
Exceed | Leading | Important |
Excel | Principal | Paramount |
Outstrip | Capital | Foremost |
Outdo | Major | Uppermost |
Dominate | Main | Superior |
Head | Great | Senior |
Rule | Grand | First |
Control | Central | Prime |
Supervise | Basic | Be in charge of |
Lead | Vital | Be at the head of |
Guide | Essential | Dominant |
Command | Fundamental | Overestimate |
Conduct | Significant |
Part 2. Training Exercises
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