Открытое акционерное общество
«ВСЕРОССИЙСКИЙ ЦЕНТР УРОВНЯ ЖИЗНИ »
Центр послевузовского и дополнительного
«Принято» «Утверждаю»
Решение Ученого совета Генеральный директор
«28» июня 2012г. д. э.н.
Протокол № 2 «2» августа 2012г.
Программа
экзамена по «Иностранному языку»
для поступления в аспирантуру
Москва 2012 г.
I. ОБЩИЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ
Дисциплина «Иностранный язык» входит в состав цикла общенаучных дисциплин. Она направлена на изучение иностранного языка как целостной системы, состоящей из грамматических структур и лексического наполнения. Дисциплина развивает практические навыки владения иностранным языком в сфере профессионального общения и научного исследования.
Для поступления в аспирантуру абитуриенту необходимо обладать лингвистической компетенцией В (самостоятельное владение), а именно:
- понимать общее содержание сложных текстов на абстрактные и конкретные темы, в том числе узкоспециальные тексты;
- говорить достаточно быстро, чтобы общаться с носителями языка без особых затруднений для любой из сторон;
- уметь делать четкие, логичные сообщения на различные темы;
- излагать свой взгляд на основную проблему, показывать преимущества и недостатки разных мнений.
Для овладения данной компетенцией необходимо
иметь представление о:
- грамматическом строе языка;
- порядке слов в повествовательном предложении;
- порядке слов в вопросительном предложении;
- употреблении модальных глаголов;
- употреблении видо-временных форм;
- различных видах чтения;
знать:
- образование глагольных форм;
- неправильные глаголы;
- лексический материал для делового общения;
- лексический материал по своей специальности;
уметь:
- прочитать и понять текст по своей специальности;
- извлекать заданную информацию из текста;
- вести беседу на профессиональную тему;
- делать презентацию;
- аргументировано доказать свою точку зрения;
- понимать на слух речь говорящего или запись;
приобрести навыки:
- чтения (с разными задачами);
- говорения (монологическая и диалогическая речь);
- аудирования (понимания речи на слух);
- перевода с английского на русский и с русского на английский по своей специальности.
Структура экзаменационного билета по «Иностранному языку»:
Первый вопрос: Прочитайте и письменно переведите со словарем текст (1600 знаков).
Второй вопрос: Прочитайте часть текста (2500 знаков) без словаря и устно изложите его содержание на английском языке.
Третий вопрос: Беседа о выбранной специальности (планируемой теме диссертационного исследования).
Пример текста для вступительного экзамена по «Иностранному языку» (английский) для абитуриентов, поступающих на специальность 08.00.05 – Экономика и управление народным хозяйством (экономика труда):
1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.
One of the leading uses of economists is in forecasting the economy. But you want to get the best forecasts possible. Business economists look at anything and everything to get an idea where the economy is headed. Among the best variables are those related to financial markets. One of these is the stock of "money,'' by which I mean the stock of cash and bank deposits held by firms and households. There are a number of different monetary aggregates, as we'll see later, but we'll focus for now on M2, which includes most of the deposits at commercial banks and other other financial institutions that accept deposits. You see that the growth rate of the money stock moves up and down, roughly, with the growth rate of GDP. In this sense it is a good indicator of the state of the economy. And since money stock measures are generally made available more quickly than GDP, it tells us something about the current state of the economy as well.
Even better indicators are financial prices and yields, which have the additional advantage of being available immediately. As you might expect asset prices tend to incorporate "the market's'' best guess of future events and, by and large, they are as good predictors of the economy as we have. Maybe the best of these is the stock market. What you might expect is that the stock market anticipates movements in the economy: in recessions profits and earnings are down so stock prices should fall as soon as a recession is anticipated by the market. That's pretty much what you see. Every postwar downturn in the economy has been at least matched, if not anticipated, by the stock market. The problem is that there have been several downturns in the stock market that didn't turn into recessions---so-called false signals. A classic case is the October 1987 crash, which was followed by several years of continued growth. As we say in the trade, the stock market has predicted twelve of the last eight recessions.
2. Прочитайте текст и изложите его содержание на английском языке.
FROM Seattle to Sydney, protesters have taken to the streets. Whether they are inspired by the Occupy Wall Street movement in New York or by the indignados in Madrid, they burn with dissatisfaction about the state of the economy, about the unfair way that the poor are paying for the sins of rich bankers, and in some cases about capitalism itself. In the past it was easy for Western politicians and economic liberals to dismiss such outpourings of fury as a misguided fringe. In Seattle, for instance, the last big protests (against the World Trade Organisation, in 1999) looked mindless. If they had a goal, it was selfish—an attempt to impoverish the emerging world through protectionism. This time too, some things are familiar: the odd bit of violence, a lot of incoherent ranting and plenty of inconsistency. The protesters have different aims in different countries. Higher taxes for the rich and a loathing of financiers is the closest thing to a common denominator, though in America polls show that popular rage against government eclipses that against Wall Street.
Yet even if the protests are small and muddled, it is dangerous to dismiss the broader rage that exists across the West. There are legitimate deep-seated grievances. Young people—and not just those on the streets—are likely to face higher taxes, less generous benefits and longer working lives than their parents. More immediately, houses are expensive, credit hard to get and jobs scarce—not just in old manufacturing industries but in the ritzier services that attract increasingly debt-laden graduates. In America 17.1% of those below 25 are out of work. Across the European Union, youth unemployment averages 20.9%. In Spain it is a staggering 46.2%. Only in Germany, the Netherlands and Austria is the rate in single digits.
It is not just the young who feel squeezed. The middle-aged face falling real wages and diminished pension rights. And the elderly are seeing inflation eat away the value of their savings; in Britain prices are rising by 5.2% but bank deposits yield less than 1%. In the meantime, bankers are back to huge bonuses.
History, misery and protest
To the man-in-the-street, all this smacks of a system that has failed. Neither of the main Western models has much political credit at the moment. European social democracy promised voters benefits that societies can no longer afford. The Anglo-Saxon model claimed that free markets would create prosperity; many voters feel instead that they got a series of debt-fuelled asset bubbles and an economy that was rigged in favour of a financial elite, who took all the proceeds in the good times and then left everybody else with no alternative other than to bail them out. To use one of the protesters’ better slogans, the 1% have gained at the expense of the 99%.
If the grievances are more legitimate and broader than previous rages against the machine, then the dangers are also greater. Populist anger, especially if it has no coherent agenda, can go anywhere in times of want. The 1930s provided the most terrifying example. A more recent (and less frightening) case study is the tea party. The justified fury of America’s striving middle classes against a cumbersome state has in practice translated into a form of obstructive nihilism: nothing to do with taxes can get through Washington, including tax reform.
II. список рекомендованной литературы
1. Collins Cobuild Key Words in Business / McCraw Hill, 1998.
2. Louise Hashemi, Raymond Murphy English Grammar in Use. Supplementary Exercises / Cambridge University Press, 2003.
3. Peter Strutt Market Leader. Business Grammar and Usage. Longman: 2004
4. Raymond Murphy English Grammar in Use./ Cambridge University Press, 2000.
5. Reading Practice in English for Students of Finance – мультимедийный CD. - М.: МФПА, 2006.
6. The Economist.
7. The Financial Times.
8. .Г. Английский язык для юристов. М. Высшая школа. 2001.
9. Зенина пособие по английскому языку для подготовки к сдаче вступительного экзамена в аспирантуру. - М.: МЭСИ, 2009.
10. , “English for Students of Law”М.:МЭСИ, 2004.
11. , Тимофеева язык. М.: Моск. юридический институт (МВД РФ), 1996.
12. мультимедийный CD. - М.: МФПА, 2007.
13. Practice in Consumer Law мультимедийный CD.
14. Турук основы чтения – мультимедийный CD. - М.: МФПА, 2007.
15. , Гитович основы чтения.
16. Учебник английского языка (для технических вузов) / и др. М.: МВТУ, 1995.
17. Arrow K. J. and G. Debreu. Existence of Equilibrium for a Competitive Economy.
18. Blanchard O. J. and S. Fisher. Lectures on Macroeconomics. Cambridge, MS: The MIT Press.
Интернет-ссылки
№ | Наименование портала (издания, курса, документа) | ссылка |
Основные учебные материалы | ||
1 | Economics | http://www. |
2 | Economics | http://www. economics-ejournal. org |
