2. Найдите в статье английские эквиваленты следующих предложений.
Нормы, указанные в протоколе, вообще не решают данной проблемы.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
В 2001 году Киотскому соглашению был нанесен «сокрушительный удар», когда США вышли из него.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Он (протокол) предлагает основы для будущих переговоров, которые могут длиться десятилетия.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Без Киотского соглашения, политики, ученые и организации, занимающиеся вопросами создания безопасных для окружающей среды экономик, столкнулись бы с большим количеством трудностей.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Ожидается, что страны ЕС снизят объемы выбросов на 8%.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Только четыре страны ЕС точно выполняют предписанные им нормы.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Чтобы избежать последствий глобального потепления необходимо снизить выбросы парникового газа на 60% во всем мире.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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3. Ответьте на вопросы относительно содержания статьи.
1. What is the primary goal of the Kyoto treaty?
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2. Have the countries signed the treaty achieved their targets?
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3. How much difference will Kyoto make?
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4. Why did Russia back the Kyoto treaty?
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5. Why did the USA pull out of the Kyoto protocol in 2001?
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4. Отметьте предложенные предложения T (True - верно), F (false - не верно), NM (Not Mentioned – не упоминается).
1. The protocol sees industrialised countries committing to cutting their combined greenhouse gas emissions to 5% below their 1990 levels by 2 | |
2. Having agreed to ratify the protocol, the Russians are hoping that they will receive support in joining the World Trade Organisation. | |
3. Emissions trading works by allowing countries to buy and sell their agreed allowances of greenhouse gas emissions. | |
4. Some countries with low emissions were permitted to increase them. | |
5. The protocol also suffers from the withdrawal of the world's biggest single polluter, the United States. | |
6. Mr Bush says he backs emissions reductions through voluntary action and new energy technologies. |
5. Переведите на русский язык любой фрагмент из 10 строк.
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6. Найдите в статье понятия, соответствующие каждому определению.
………………… | 1. A general agreement amongst a group of people or countries about something that should be done. |
………………… | 2. An objective or a result that you aim to achieve or gain. |
………………… | 3. Discussions that take place to reach an agreement between counterparts (countries, companies, people) that have different interests. |
………………… | 4. A document which is signed by counterparts because they have come to a mutual conclusion about something. |
………………… | 5. Something that will make your life better usually is a result of your actions. |
7. Восстановите каждое предложение.
The protocol/ from the withdrawal/ single polluter/ also suffers/ of the world's biggest.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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should/ into force / be ratified/ The Kyoto Protocol/ by developed nations/ to come.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Russia’s entry/ and law/ is/ forward/ into force of Kyoto/ the biggest step/ in environmental politics.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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on/ certain/ only places/ The Kyoto treaty/ emission restrictions/ countries.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Developing countries/ to climate change/ to commit/ do not have/ contributing least/ to specific targets.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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8. Передайте содержание каждого предложения на английском языке. Каждое слово переводить не обязательно. Многие фрагменты нужно взять из статьи.
В 2004 году Россия приняла решение о подписании Kyoto протокола.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Основная цель протокола ограничить выброс парниковых газов в атмосферу.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Парниковый газ является одной из причин глобального потепления.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Протокол позволит России продавать неиспользуемую часть квот на воздух.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Многие ученые утверждают, что особой пользы Kyoto договор не принесет.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Отразите основное содержание статьи в объёме 5-6 предложений на английском языке.
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Test 03
1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием статьи. Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово.
a. uncertainty | b. agreement | c. independence |
d. disappointment | e. population | f. concerns |
The European Union Expansion
The European Union is the framework for economic and political co-operation between 25 European countries. | |||
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 | It began as a post-war initiative between six countries pooling control over coal and steel to guarantee a more peaceful future for Europe. But the EU now manages co-operation on issues as wide-ranging as the environment, transport and employment, and wields increasing influence in defence and foreign policy. It has five declared objectives: to promote economic and social progress; to assert the identity of the European Union on the international scene; to introduce European citizenship; to develop an area of freedom, security and justice; to maintain and build on established EU law. Officially, the European Union only exists since the early 1990s, although the term has been used for much longer than that. The Maastricht Treaty renamed the European Community the European Union by forming what are known as the three pillars of the EU. They are: European Community; Common Foreign and Security Policy; Justice and Home Affairs. The first pillar is managed by the institutions of the EU, while the second and third work through inter-governmental co-operation. The first pillar is responsible for the single market and freedom of movement across borders. It also looks after economic and monetary union and issues such as agriculture, environment and competition. In this pillar, unlike the other two, member states have given up some of their sovereignty and EU institutions can act independently of the national governments. In the second pillar, member states aim to | 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 | hold common positions and take joint action on foreign and security affairs. The objective of the Justice and Home Affairs pillar is to integrate member states' policies on asylum and immigration, customs, drugs and crime. In May 2004 the 15 old members of the EU welcomed in Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. With a (1) …… of 455m, the EU now is the world's biggest trading bloc. In the existing member states, there is more (2) …… over immigration, over the new balance of forces within the EU and over whom the club should admit next. For the newcomers, there are (3) …… about price hikes without commensurate salary increases. There is also (4) …… that established members have placed restrictions of up to seven years on freedom of movement for workers from the relatively poor east into the west. Eight of the new members are former communist states, joining the Western club only 15 years after most of them emerged from years of Soviet domination. Some did not even regain their (5) …… until just over a decade ago. Bulgaria and Romania will join them bringing the total membership of the EU to 27 by the end of 2007. These countries will now need to get the (6) …… of their people and a series of referendums will be run over the next year or so. |
2. Найдите в статье английские эквиваленты следующих предложений. Все предложение из статьи выписывать не нужно. Произведите все необходимые сокращения.
Ряд референдумов будет проведен в течение нескольких лет.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Страны-члены намереваются придерживаться единой политики.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Страны-члены ввели ограничения сроком до семи лет на свободу передвижения рабочей силы.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Второй и третий институты ЕС функционируют посредством межправи-тельственного сотрудничества.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Европейский Союз обеспечивает сотрудничество по широкому спектру вопросов.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Страны-члены лишились суверенитета.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Новые члены высказываю беспокойство относительно резких скачков цен без соответствующей компенсации в зарплате.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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3. Ответьте на вопросы относительно содержания статьи.
1. What spheres of life are of the EU’s concern?
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2. Does the EU have any objectives?
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3. What are the three pillars responsible for?
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4. Why is the EU the world’s biggest trading bloc?
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5. Have the existing member states placed any restrictions?
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4. Отметьте предложенные предложения T (True - верно), F (false - не верно), NM (Not Mentioned – не упоминается).
| Six European countries joined forces in an alliance to control steel and coal supplies and to support economic growth after the Second World War. | |
2. One of the declared objectives is to represent the EU as a whole at any international meetings, conferences, summits and assemblies. | |
3. In the second pillar the EU member states can have armies of their own to protect themselves from any threats either domestic or foreign. | |
4. Open borders and freedom of movement indicate that there is a shift of workforce from relatively poor east into the west. | |
5. Citizens of the 10 new members won’t be able to move around the EU freely up to 7 years. | |
6. If a country is welcomed to join the EU, its government has to run a serious of referendums to clarify its population’s opinion. |
5. Переведите на русский язык любой фрагмент из 10 строк.
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6. Найдите в статье понятия, соответствующие каждому определению.
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