Методические указания к выполнению контрольной работы для студентов заочной формы обучения Английский язык (стр. 1 )

Федеральное агентство по образованию

Югорский государственный университет

Гуманитарный факультет

Кафедра иностранных языков

Методические указания

к выполнению контрольной работы

для студентов заочной формы обучения

Английский язык

специальности 270102 – Промышленное и гражданское строительство

Курс 2

Семестр осенний

Ханты-Мансийск 2007

2. Основные требования к выполнению и оформлению контрольной работы.

1. Контрольную работу четвертого семестра необходимо распечатать на листах формата А4 и оформить согласно принятым требованиям титульный лист. Задания следует выполнять на распечатанных листах в специально отведенных для этого стоках. Статью полностью переводить на русский язык не нужно. Принимается только та контрольная работа, строки заданий которой заполнены шариковой ручкой синего или черного цвета. На титульном листе следует указать необходимые сведения:

Югорский государственный университет

Факультет заочного обучения

Специальность________________________________

Группа_______________________________________

Контрольная работа по_________________________

дисциплина

Номер варианта_______________________________

_______________семестр 200__-200__ учебного года

осенний, весенний

Студента______________________________________

фамилия, имя, отчество

Дата предоставления на проверку_______________

2. Условия заданий в контрольной работе следует переписывать полностью, без сокращений. Для примечаний преподавателя оставляются поля.

3. Выполненная контрольная работа своевременно передается студентом на факультет заочного обучения для проверки, рецензирования и оценки.

4. Если контрольная работа при рецензировании не зачтена, студент обязан внести необходимые изменения и предоставить работу на повторную рецензию.

5. Студент должен быть готов во время зачета или экзамена дать пояснения по решению задач соответствующей контрольной работы.

3. Выбор варианта контрольной работы

1. Студент выполняет контрольную работу в соответствии с номером варианта. Номером варианта является последняя цифра номера Зачетной книжки студента. Номер варианта контрольной работы указана в правом верхнем углу.

4. Варианты контрольных работ.

Test 01

1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием статьи. Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово.

a. tariffs	b. conflict	c. unanimity
d. competition	e. consultation	f. interpretations

WTO Agreements

	The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.
5 10 15 20 25 30 35	The WTO has 150 members, accounting for over 97% of world trade. Around 30 others are negotiating membership. The WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT, which lasted from the end of the second World War to 1995. At the heart of the system–known as the multilateral trading system–are the WTO’s agreements, negotiated and signed by a large majority of the world’s trading nations, and ratified in their parliaments. The current set runs to some 30,000 pages consisting of about 60 agreements and separate commitments (called schedules). Essentially, they are contracts, guaranteeing member countries important trade rights. They also bind governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits to everybody’s benefit. Rich and poor countries alike have an equal right to challenge each other in the WTO’s dispute settlement procedures. The details of how much countries are prepared to co-operate are hammered out at large sessions of talks, so-called trade rounds, of which there have been eight since 1947. The scope of trade rounds has steadily expanded and now includes intellectual protection, investment, trade in services and agriculture as well as trade in manufactured goods. Decisions in the WTO are made by consensus among all member countries. In principle, that is even more democratic than majority rule because no decision is taken until everyone agrees. The consensus rule means every country has to be convinced before it	40 45 50 55 60 65 70	joins a consensus. There are no dissenters. It does reduce some inequalities, giving smaller countries more voice, and at the same time freeing the more powerful countries from the complexity of having to negotiate trade agreements with each of their numerous trading partners. So quite often reluctant countries are persuaded by being offered something in return. Trade quarrels are resolved under Dispute Settlement Understanding. Countries bring disputes to the WTO if they think their rights under the agreements are being infringed. Judgements by specially-appointed independent experts are based on (1) …… of the agreements and individual countries’ commitments. The system encourages countries to settle their differences through (2) ……. If it does not work, they can follow a carefully mapped out, stage-by-stage procedure that includes the possibility of a ruling by a panel of experts, and the chance to appeal the ruling on legal grounds. That way, the risk of disputes spilling over into political or military (3) …… is reduced. The principles which members sign up to are: extending trade concessions equally to all WTO members; aiming for a freer global trade with lower (4) …… everywhere; making trade more predictable through the use of rules; bringing about more (5) …… by reducing protectionism. The WTO makes decisions on a basis of (6) …… . WTO decisions can only be reversed by a unanimous vote, just as they can only be made that way.

2. Найдите в статье английские эквиваленты следующих предложений.

Они обязывают правительства проводить свою торговую политику в оговоренных ранее пределах.

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Несогласных стран нет.

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Решения ВТО принимаются на основе всеобщего согласия.

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Спектр вопросов обсуждаемых на торговых раундах вырос значительно.

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Система ориентирует страны на решение разногласий посредством переговоров.

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Богатые и бедные страны обладают одинаковым правом для предъявления претензий друг другу в ВТО.

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Таким образом риск перерастания политических разногласий в военных конфликт снижается.

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3. Ответьте на вопросы относительно содержания статьи.

1. What are the WTO’s agreements?

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2. Where are different rules and contracts among all member countries discussed?

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3. What way are any decisions in the WTO made in?

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4. How are trade quarrels and disputes resolved in the WTO?

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5. Is there a procedure to re-make a decision which has already been made?

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4. Отметьте предложенные предложения T (True - верно), F (false - не верно), NM (Not Mentioned – не упоминается).

	1. The fact that the disputes are based on WTO agreements means that there is a clear basis for judging who is right or wrong.
	2. Each country receives guarantees that its exports will be treated fairly and consistently in other countries’ markets.
	3. Trade allows a division of labour between countries and it allows resources to be used more appropriately and effectively for production.
	4. If country’s rights under the agreements are violated by another country it can challenge the latter in the WTO’s dispute settlement procedures.
	5. Independent experts launch an investigation and express their recommendations based on interpretations of the agreements and individual countries’ commitments.
	6. The agreements bind governments to keep their trade policies within ratified in their parliaments limits to their citizens’ benefit.

5. Переведите на русский язык любой фрагмент из 10 строк.

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6. Найдите в статье понятия, соответствующие каждому определению.

…………………	1. A decision or conclusion in a form of a document about something that everyone involved finds acceptable.
…………………	2. A sum of money you give to develop a business or pay to buy shares to receive a profit in the future.
…………………	3. The group of people who are responsible for ruling a country at a particular time.
…………………	4. General agreement amongst a group of people or countries about a subject or about something should be done.
…………………	5. An atmosphere in which two or more companies try to get people to buy their goods and services in preference to the other firms’ goods and services.

7. Восстановите каждое предложение и запишите его.

plays/ a vital role/ confidence/ reinforcing/ in creating/ and/ the WTO trading system.

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is/ the welfare/ the goal/ of the peoples/ of the member countries/ to improve.

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are/ the result/ the WTO’s agreements/ between/ of negotiations/ the members.

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4. lowers/ negotiation/ trade/ through/ the WTO’s global system/ barriers.

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and/ includes/ the WTO committee’s responsibility/ implementation/ of the agreements/technical cooperation.

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8. Передайте содержание каждого предложения на английском языке. Каждое слово переводить не обязательно. Многие фрагменты нужно взять из статьи.

Всемирная торговая организация включает в себя 150 стран.

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Ни одна из стран участниц ВТО не имеет права вето.

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Принятие решение осуществляется в ходе консультаций заинтересованных в решении вопроса сторон.

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Комиссия независимых экспертов рассматривает условия и обстоятельства конфликта и предлагает варианты его урегулирования.

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Решение считается принятым, если все заинтересованные участники пришли к согласию.

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9. Отразите основное содержание статьи в объёме 5-6 предложений на английском языке.

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Test 02

1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием статьи. Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово.

a. responsible	b. reductions	c. agreement
d. cost	e. support	f. damage

The Kyoto treaty

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement setting targets for industrialised countries to cut their greenhouse gas emissions. These gases are considered at least partly responsible for global warming - the rise in global temperature which may have catastrophic consequences for life on Earth. The protocol was established in 1997, based on principles set out in a framework agreement signed in 1992. Industrialised countries have committed to cut their combined emissions to 5% below 1990 levels by 2Each country that signed the protocol agreed to its own specific target. EU countries are expected to cut their present emissions by 8% and Japan by 5%. Industrialised countries cut their overall emissions by about 3% from 1990 to 2000. But this was largely because a sharp decrease in emissions from the collapsing economies of former Soviet countries masked an 8% rise among rich countries. The UN says industrialised countries are now well off target for the end of the decade and predicts emissions 10% above 1990 levels by 2010. Only four EU countries are on track to meet their own targets. Most climate scientists say that the targets set in the Kyoto Protocol are merely scratching the surface of the problem. The agreement aims to reduce emissions from industrialised nations only by around 5%, whereas the consensus among many climate scientists is that in order to avoid the worst consequences of global warming, emissions cuts in the order of 60% across the board are

40 45 50 55 60 65 70

needed. This has led to criticisms that the agreement is toothless, as well as being virtually obsolete without US support. But others say its failure would be a disaster as, despite its flaws, it sets out a framework for future negotiations which could take another decade to rebuild. Kyoto commitments have been signed into law in some countries, US states and in the EU, and will stay in place regardless of the fate of the protocol itself. Without Kyoto, politicians and companies working towards climate-friendly economies would face a much rougher ride. Russia initially decides to back the Kyoto protocol in September 2004. The deciding factor appears to be not the economic (1) ……, but the political benefits for Russia. In particular, there has been talk of stronger European Union (2) …… for Russia's bid to join the WTO, when it ratifies the protocol. Before Russia's backing, many feared Kyoto was on its last legs. The (3) …… stipulates that for it to become binding in international law, it must be ratified by the countries who together are (4) …… for at least 55% of 1990 global greenhouse gas emissions. The treaty suffered a massive blow in 2001 when the US, responsible for about quarter of the world's emissions, pulled out, saying implementing it would gravely (5) ……. the US economy. The US administration dubbed the treaty "fatally flawed", partly because it does not require developing countries to commit to emissions (6) …… .