Контрольна робота 1 (стр. 4 )

Electronic Circuit Components

The electric circuit is a path for passing electric current. An electric circuit usually comprises a power supply that gives energy to the electrons to move as current (such as a cell, storage battery or a generator), devices that use current (lamps, electric motors, electronic tubes) and the connecting wires. There are direct current circuits and alternating current circuits. Electric circuits can be simple series or parallel circuits. They also may be complex circuits consisting of one or more branches in combinations of series and series-parallel arrangements. Electric circuits are made up of interconnected components.

There are two categories in the classification of electric circuit components: active and passive.

Electronic circuits are electric circuits the operation of which depends on the flow of electrons for the generation, transmission, reception, and storage of information. Electronic circuits provide different functions to process this information, including amplification of signals, generation of radio waves, extraction of information, control and logic operations. There are two types of electronic circuits: conventional and integrated. Conventional circuits consist of separate electronic components connected by wires.

The integrated circuit (IC) is a miniaturized electronic circuit made on a single crystal of a semiconducting material. Thousands of tiny components are placed on a single piece of silicon. The IC is placed in a plastic or ceramic case that has contact pins to connect it to a printed circuit board of a computer or any other device.

Exercise 3. Identify among the following words (a) nouns, (b) adjectives, (c) verbal forms, (d) adverbs.

Passing, usually, given, storage, made, interconnected, combination, arrangement, operation, logic, conventional, amplification, extraction, differently.

Exercise 4. Identify the tense and voice of the following prises, was made, can be connected, gave, depends, are placed, is processing.

Exercise 5. Write out five sentences with Non-Finite forms of the verbs (two - with the Infinitive, one - with the Present Participle, one - with the Past Participle, one - with the Gerund) from the text. Identify their functions. Translate the sentences.

Exercise 6. Put questions to the underlined words.

1. The electric circuit usually comprises a power supply, devices that use current, and the connecting wires.

2. The integrated circuit is made on a single crystal of a semiconducting material.

3. The IC is placed in a plastic or ceramic case.

4. There are conventional and integrated electronic circuits.

Exercise 7. Answer the following questions.

1. What is a path for passing electric current called?

2. What can electric circuits be?

3. What are electric circuits made up of?

4. How many categories in the classification of electric circuit components are there?

5. What are electronic circuits?

6. What do electronic circuits provide?

7. What crystal is the integrated circuit made on?

Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Існують кола змінного і постійного струму.	1. Существуют цепи переменного и постоянного тока.
2. Електричні кола можуть бути простими колами з послідовним або паралельним з'єднанням елементів.	2. Электрические цепи могут быть простыми цепями с последовательным или параллельным соединением злементов.
3. Існують звичайні та інтегральні електронні схеми.	3. Существуют обычные и интегральные электронные схемы.
4. Звичайні схеми складаються з окремих електронних елементів, які з’єднані дротами.	4. Обычные схемы состоят из отдельных электронных элементов, соединенных проводами.
5. Інтегральна схема створена на одному кристалі напівпровідникового матеріалу.	5. Интегральная схема образована на одном кристалле полупроводникового материала.

Варіант 6

Exercise 1. Read the following words and word combinations. Memorize them:

potential	потенціал	потенциал
potential difference	різниця потенціалів	разность потенциалов
oppositely	протилежно	противоположно
charge	заряд; заряджати	заряд; заряжать
body	тіло	тело
between	між	между
magnitude	величина	величина
depend (on, upon)	залежати	зависеть
сoncentration	концентрація	концентрация
amount	кількість	количество
if	якщо	если
make contact	контактувати	контактировать
excess	надлишок	избыток
move	рухати	двигать
deficiency	недостатня кількість, дефіцит	недостаток, нехватка
transfer	переміщення, перехід	перемещение, переход
constitute	складати	составлять
electric current	електричний струм	электрический ток
condition	стан	состояние
change	змінювати	менять
apply	застосовувати	применять
force	сила	сила
compare	порівнювати	сравнивать
through	по, через	по, через
pipe	труба	труба
electricity	електрика	электричество
pass	проходити	проходить
wire	дріт	провод
both...and	як..., так і	как..., так и
flow	протікати	течь
under	під	под
pressure	тиск	давление
as	коли, в той час як, оскільки	когда, в то время как, так как
meet	зустрі(ча)ти	встречать
resistance	опір	сопротивление
like	подібно до, як і	подобно, как и
encounter	наштовхуватися	сталкиваться
property	властивість	свойство
conductor	провідник	проводник
oppose	чинити опір, перешкоджати	оказывать сопротивление, препятствовать
passage	проходження, прохід	прохождение, проход
require	потребувати	требовать
force	змушувати, тут: викликати	заставлять, здесь: вызывать
voltage	напруга	напряжение
point	точка	точка

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text in writing.

Potential and Potential Difference

Two oppositely charged bodies have a difference of potential between them. The magnitude of potential difference depends upon the concentration of the charge and not on the amount of charge. If a positively charged body and a negatively charged body make contact, electrons from the body with negative charge (excess of electrons) will move to the body having the positive charge (deficiency of electrons). This transfer of electrons from one body to another constitutes an electric current. There are two kinds of charges - positive and negative. The body is electrically neutral when there are equal amounts of positive and negative charges and this is a normal condition of the body. If we want to change the electrical condition of the body we need to apply a force.

We may compare electricity and water. Water moves through pipes. Electricity passes through wires. Both water and electricity flow under pressure. As water flows through a pipe it meets resistance.

Electric current, like water, also encounters resistance. The electric resistance is a property of a wire (or a conductor) to oppose the passage of a current. A wire of the same material but of a greater diameter requires a higher electrical pressure to force a current flow.

The difference in voltage (electrical pressure) between two points in an electric circuit is potential difference.

Exercise 3. Identify among the following words (a) nouns, (b) adjectives, (c) verbal forms, (d) adverbs.

Property, positively, depended, negatively, having, concentration, condition, electrically, equal, encountering, difference, charged, neutral, resistance.

Exercise 4. Identify the tense and voice of the following verbs.

Depends, will move, want, may compare, are charged, is flowing, is changed.

Exercise 5. Write out four sentences with Non-Finite forms of the verbs (one - with the Past Participle, one – with the Past Participle and Present Participle, two – with the Infinitive) from the text. Identify their functions. Translate the sentences.