Учебно-методические материалы по курсу «Теория и практика перевода» (стр. 4 )

Что можно найти на Curisma? Инновацион­ные продукты вроде биометрического бумаж­ника. Различные полезности, типа перчаток с кнопками для тех, кто пользуется сенсорными экранами зимой. Уникальные вещи, как, напри­мер, мусорная корзина в виде робота R2D2.

Сервис не только полон необычных вещей и проектов, но и предоставляет возможность обсуждать их, покупать, рассказывать о них и прочими способами причащаться к восхити­тельным проявлениям прогресса.

Роман Спиридонов

Практическое занятие №7

Перевод как один из способов интерпретации текста

План практического занятия

1.  Интерпретация и перевод: их соотношение и различия.

2.  Типы интерпретации текстов разных жанров при переводе.

3.  Сопоставительный анализ разных переводов английского поэтического текста как вид интерпретативной деятельности.

Percy Bysshe Shelley

TO–

1

One word is too often profaned

For me to profane it,

One feeling too falsely disdained

For thee to disdain it,

One hope is too like despair

For prudence to smother,

And Pity from thee more dear

Than that from another.

2

I can give not what men call love,

But wilt thou accept not

The worship the heart lifts above

And the Heavens reject not:

The desire of the moth for the star,

Of the night for the morrow,

The devotion to something afar

From the sphere of our sorrow?

* * *

Слишком часто заветное слово людьми осквернялось,

Я его не хочу повторять,

Слишком часто заветное чувство презреньем встречалось,

Ты его не должна презирать.

И слова состраданья, что с уст твоих нежных сорвались,

Никому я отдать не хочу,

И за счастье надежд, что с отчаяньем горьким смешалось,

Я всей жизнью своей заплачу.

Нет того в моем сердце, что в мире любовью зовется,

Но молитвы отвергнешь ли ты?

Неудержно вкруг солнца воздушное облачко вьется,

Упадает роса на цветы,

Полночь ждет, чтобы снова зари загорелося око,

И отвергнешь ли ты, о мой друг,

Это чувство святое, что манит куда-то далеко,

Прочь от наших томительных мук?

Бальмонта

К…

Опошлено слово одно

И стало рутиной.

Над искренностью давно

Смеются в гостиной.

Надежда и самообман –

Два сходных недуга.

Единственный мир без румян –

Участие друга.

Любви я в ответ не прошу,

Но тем беззаветней

По-прежнему произношу

Обет многолетний.

Так бабочку тянет в костер

И полночь к рассвету,

И так заставляет простор

Кружиться планету.

Пастернака

Практическое занятие №8

Функционально-стилистические аспекты перевода

План практического занятия

1.  Определение понятия «функциональный стиль».

2.  Функциональные стили речи и особенности их передачи при переводе:

а) научный, научно-популярный стиль

б) публицистический стиль

в) официально-деловой стиль

3. Перевод текстов разных стилей и жанров. Анализ языковых средств, с помощью которых происходит передача стилистических характеристик данных текстов при переводе.

Текст 1

We have more than once referred to the “elements of speech,” by which we understood, roughly speaking, what are ordinarily called “words.” We must now look more closely at these elements and acquaint ourselves with the stuff of language. The very simplest element of speech – and by “speech” we shall henceforth mean the auditory system of speech symbolism, the flow of spoken words – is the individual sound, though, as we shall see later on, the sound is not itself a simple structure but the resultant of a series of independent, yet closely correlated, adjustments in the organs of speech. And yet the individual sound is not, properly considered, an element of speech at all, for speech is a significant function and the sound as such has no significance. It happens occasionally that the single sound is an independently significant element (such as French a “has” and à “to” or Latin i “go!”), but such cases are fortuitous coincidences between individual sound and significant word. The coincidence is apt to be fortuitous not only in theory but in point of actual historic fact; thus, the instances cited are merely reduced forms of originally fuller phonetic groups—Latin habet and ad and Indo-European ei respectively. If language is a structure and if the significant elements of language are the bricks of the structure, then the sounds of speech can only be compared to the unformed and unburnt clay of which the bricks are fashioned. In this chapter we shall have nothing further to do with sounds as sounds.

The true, significant elements of language are generally sequences of sounds that are either words, significant parts of words, or word groupings. What distinguishes each of these elements is that it is the outward sign of a specific idea, whether of a single concept or image or of a number of such concepts or images definitely connected into a whole. The single word may or may not be the simplest significant element we have to deal with. The English words sing, sings, singing, singer each conveys a perfectly definite and intelligible idea, though the idea is disconnected and is therefore functionally of no practical value. We recognize immediately that these words are of two sorts. The first word, sing, is an indivisible phonetic entity conveying the notion of a certain specific activity. The other words all involve the same fundamental notion but, owing to the addition of other phonetic elements, this notion is given a particular twist that modifies or more closely defines it. They represent, in a sense, compounded concepts that have flowered from the fundamental one. We may, therefore, analyze the words sings, singing, and singer as binary expressions involving a fundamental concept, a concept of subject matter (sing), and a further concept of more abstract order – one of person, number, time, condition, function, or of several of these combined.

Текст 2

Water has the extraordinary ability to dissolve a greater variety of substances than any other liquid. Falling through the air it collects atmospheric gases, salts, nitrogen, oxygen and other compounds, nutrients and pollutants alike. The carbon dioxide it gathers reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. This, in turn, gives it greater power to break down rocks and soil particles that are subsequently put into solution as nutrients and utilized by growing plants and trees. Without this dissolving ability, our lakes and streams would be biological deserts, for pure water cannot sustain aquatic life. Water dissolves, cleanses, serves plants and animals as a carrier of food and minerals; it is the only substance that occurs in all three states – solid, liquid and gas – and yet always retains its own identity and emerges again as water.

Текст 3

I am often asked what I think of the latest opinion poll, especially when it has published what appears to be some dramatic swing in “public opinion”. It is as if the public seeing itself reflected in a mirror, seeks reassurance that the warts on the face of its opinion are not quite ugly as all that! I react to these inquiries from the ludicrous posture of a man who, being both a politician and a statistician cannot avoid wearing two hats. I am increasingly aware of the intangibility of the phenomenon described as “public opinion”. It is the malevolent ghost in the haunted house of politics. But the definition of public opinion given by the majority of opinion polls is about the last source from which those responsible for deciding the great issues of the day should seek guidance.

Практическое занятие №9

Лексикологические проблемы перевода

План практического занятия

1.  Особенности передачи имен собственных (антропонимов, топонимов, названий средств массовой информации и т. п.) при переводе.

2.  «Ложные друзья переводчика» и стратегии работы с ними при переводе.

3.  Перевод текстов, содержащих имена собственные, названия реалий, «ложные друзья переводчика» с английского языка на русский. Объяснение сложностей, возникающих при переводе данных групп лексических единиц.

Упражнение 1

Переведите имена собственные и дайте необходимый переводческий комментарий.

1.  Washington Irving, Edgar Allan Poe, Dorothy Parker, James I, Charles III, Victor Hugo, Nataniel Hawthorn, Ambrose Bierce, William Shakespeare, William IV, Woodrow Wilson, Jack London, Ray Bradbury, Charlotte Brontë.

2.  Albany, New South Wales, New Orleans, New Hampshire, Utah, Wyoming, New Mexico, Red Lake, East Greenwich, Cornwall, Zurich.

3.  Downing Street, Whitehall, Windsor Castle, Fifth Avenue, Trafalgar Square, Charing Cross, Harley Street, Mansion House, Hampton Court.

4.  Financial Times, Labour Weekly, New York Herald Tribune, Wall Street Journal, Morning Star, Paris Soir.

Упражнение 2

Переведите тексты, обращая внимание на перевод имен собственных

1. A tourist’s heart may leap at first sight of the Thames as it cuts through the heart of London because of the spectacle of massed totems such as Parliament, Whitehall, St. Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower of London that rise majestically near it, and the 15 bridges bearing storybook names and images: Westminster, Waterloo, London Bridge and Tower Bridge. But nearly everything worth the price of a snapshot sits on the northern bank.

2. Another change which affected architecture was the growth of an educated middle class. From Chaucer to Shakespeare, to Ben Jonson, to Wren and Newton, to Hume, Gibbon and Robert Adam and on to Carlyle and Ruskin, the “middling sort of people” were taking over and amplifying the secular role which had been played by clergy in earlier times when clerics were almost the only people who could read and write.

Упражнение 3

Найдите в русском языке необходимые эквиваленты для данных слов:

Actual, appellation, aspirant, balloon, baton, billet, compositor, concern, depot, direction, fabric, genial, intelligence, motion, obligation, physique, probe, protection, pathos.