Партнерка на США и Канаду по недвижимости, выплаты в крипто
- 30% recurring commission
- Выплаты в USDT
- Вывод каждую неделю
- Комиссия до 5 лет за каждого referral
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия»МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №1
для сдачи вступительного экзамена в аспирантуру
Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать и перевести текст со словарем :
A bone may be broken in an accident and no displacement of the fragments occur. If a person is allowed to bear weight on such an injured leg or to be moved without proper splinting displacement of bone fragments may occur, and any of the unfortunate results mentioned above may follow. Not infrequently a closed fracture will become open or compound, making the result as to life, limb, and permanent disability much more serious than if the fracture had remained closed.
All of these occurences can be prevented if sufficient pull is applied to the part to overcome the muscular contraction and thus preserve the original length of the bone. This is simple if applied immediately after injury before the muscles have had an opportunity to become fixed in spasm. Early reduction is easy and the length of disability in such cases is decreased. Late reductions are lamentable and difficult, and are often followed by long disability.
2.Читать и перевести текст из газеты со словарем : текст прилагается
3.Беседа на свободную тему
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия» МЗРД
БИЛЕТ № 2
для сдачи вступительного экзамена в аспирантуру
по английскому языку
Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать и перевести текст со словарем :
The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and a number of associated glands.
The respiratory system consists of the lungs, the air, passages leading to them, and associated stuctures. Its main function is to convey oxygen to the lungs, where it can enter the blood stream, and to remove carbon dioxide, which. escapes from the blood into the lung spaces.
The urinary, system consists of two kidneys, which produce urine by removing. nitrogenous and other wastes from the blood: the two ureters, which convey the urine
away from the kidneys; the urinary bladder, where the urine is stored until it is discharged; and the urethra through which the urine is discharged.
The endocrine system consists of a number of glands throughout the body which produce regulatory substances called hormones. The endocrine system serves to regulate a large number of activities.
2.Читать и перевести текст из газеты со словарем : текст прилагается
3.Беседа на свободную тему
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия» МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №3
для сдачи вступительного экзамена в аспирантуру
по английскому языку
Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать и перевести текст со словарем :
In gastric carcinoma pain is felt in the epigastrium and the patient often complains of the feeling of pressure in the stomach area. Pain may become severe when the tumour involves the pancreas, in peritonitis, and metastases into the bones.
The gastric juice is known to contain much mucus, leucocytes and tumour сеlls. In the majority of cases gastric secretion proves to be considerably reduced.
The X-ray examination is particularly important for the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma. It reveals the so-called filling defect, when some areas of the stomach remain empty after barium meal has been taken.
Preventive measures are carried out extensively to reveal the early signs of gastric cancer as well as an adequate therapy of ulcers and chronic, gastritis which may result in malignant degeneration.
2.Читать и перевести текст из газеты со словарем : текст прилагается
3.Беседа на свободную тему
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия»
МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №4
для сдачи вступительного экзамена в аспирантуру
по английскому языку
Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать и перевести текст со словарем :
A BIOLOGICAL DEFECT UNDERLYING OBESITY
Human appetite is thought to be regulated by a delicate chemical balance between die part of the brain that stimulates the basic feeding mechanism and the various chemicals that suppress it.
It has long been known that damage to hypothalamus results in obesity, suggesting that some biological defect underlying obesity reside in the hypothalamus. Now that defect may have been found.
Over the years work from a number of laboratories had suggested that a nerve-regulating chemical in the brain, and especially in the might have influenced appetite regulation. It is referred cholecystokinin (CCK). Doctors should have compared concentrations of immunoreactive CCK in brain extracts from genetically obese mice, their nonobese littermates and normal mice of another genetic strain. CCK in the brain of the obese mice averaged about one-fourth that of the other normal mice.
2.Читать и перевести текст из газеты со словарем : текст прилагается
3.Беседа на свободную тему
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия» МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №5
для сдачи вступительного экзамена в аспирантуру
по английскому языку
Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать и перевести текст со словарем :
PREPARATION FOR OPERATION
Each one of the operating room personnel removes his outer clothes, puts on his operating clothes, and then proceeds to the scrub-up room. Here the hands and forearms are scrubbed for 15 minutes with hot water and. soap and rinsed and soaked in 70 per cent alcohol.
This washing should be done in a methodical way so that each side the fingers and every part of the hands, and forearms is scrubbed thoroughly. It is essential that persons engaged in surgical work keep their nails short and clean. After scrubbing and rinsing in alcohol, the surgeon enters the operating room where he is handed a hand towe with which he dries only his hands, leaving his forearms untouched by the towel. He then puts on a sterile gown and sterile rubber gloves. Wen fully prepared as above, and while waiting for the start of the operation, the surgeon and his assistants must hold their hands above their waist. If the wait is long, the hands should be covered with a sterile towel.
2.Читать и перевести текст из газеты со словарем : текст прилагается
3.Беседа на свободную тему
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия» МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №6
для сдачи вступительного экзамена в аспирантуру
по английскому языку
Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать и перевести текст со словарем :
My skill кept growing with every operation and I shall never be grateful enough to my teachers for the knowledge they have given me.
Many young scientists from all over the world owe1 their knowledge And skill to. This. Institute where they receive a good training for their future work. The help of the Institute to the medical workers of young Afro-Asian countries is not contined to the training of personnel.
A lot of literature and many films ate sent to these countries. Many foreign medical deligations have visited this Institute. In the past two, years alone 80 foreign specialists have been guests df this Institute. We and our foreign collegues have one purpose — to, save lives. That's why we doctors particularly cherish people's happiness and peace," Academician Alexander Vishnevsky said.
2.Читать и перевести текст из газеты со словарем : текст прилагается
3.Беседа на свободную тему
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия» МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №7
для сдачи вступительного экзамена в аспирантуру
по английскому языку
Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать и перевести текст со словарем :
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
There is no branch in medicine now in which transfusion of blood Is not being used as a therapeutic means.
Not long ago blood transfusion was used with great precaution and
only in extremely urgent cases. - *
Nowadays, blood transfusion is being used on a large scale, having been found useful in the treatment of quite a number of diseases. Thanks to the above mentioned fact the lives of many are saved, the course of the diseases is shortened and the diseases formerly thought to be uncurable aret successfully cured now.
The history of blood transfusion shows that long ago many attempts were made to treat certain diseases by means of blood transfusion, frequent fatal issues forcing to give up this method of treatment. Formerly blood grouping was not wel established, incompatibility of bloods always resulting in fatal reactions. Both the immediate and the late haemolytic reactions were generally due to faulty blood grouping.
2.Читать и перевести текст из газеты со словарем : текст прилагается
3.Беседа на свободную тему
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия»МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №8
для сдачи вступительного экзамена в аспирантуру
по английскому языку
Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать и перевести текст со словарем :
Over the last 10 years, our knowledge of the natural history of myocardial
infarction has considerably progressed. Coronary patients who have just suffered a myocardial infarction are established to be at increased cardiac mortality. Some 10% of myocardial infarction patients are to die during the year following their hospital discharge. Most deaths, of which about half are sudden, are noticed to occur within 3 years after the acute event.
In ageing population circulatory disorders can. be expected to become
increasingly common. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques, operative
management and postoperative care, ischemic disease continues to be associated with high mortality.
Research studies and current clinical applications of their results are known to be used for the evaluation of cardiac aortic disease. Cardiac pacemakers are established to help thousands of people with irregular heartbeats to lead normal, even active, lives.
2.Читать и перевести текст из газеты со словарем : текст прилагается
3.Беседа на свободную тему
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия»МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №9
для сдачи вступительного экзамена в аспирантуру
по английскому языку
Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать и перевести текст со словарем :
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Rheumatoid arthritis is a complicated and usually progressive disease, no single drug being available to control effectively all its manifestations. Long-term treatment is necessary, low toxicity side effects determining die selection of a therapeutic agent.
Rheumatoid arthritis can be defined as a chronic polyarthritis affecting mainly the more peripheral joints. The average age at onset is about 40, the disease may occur at all ages, it being less common before puberty. Although the influence of heredity is not known a family history of the disease is rather often obtained.
In the past it was believed that the disease was most common in temperate zones, and was particularly associated with cold and damp. Recent survey of the population has shown rheumatoid arthritis to be common in subtropical region, the disease tending to be less severe.
The aetiology of the disease being obscure, it may well arise as a result of the interplay of a number of factors, some of which may be genetically determined, others being of environmental origin.
2.Читать и перевести текст из газеты со словарем : текст прилагается
3.Беседа на свободную тему
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия» МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №10
для сдачи вступительного экзамена в аспирантуру
по английскому языку
Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать и перевести текст со словарем :
My skill кept growing with every operation and I shall never be grateful enough to my teachers for the knowledge they have given me.
Many young scientists from all over the world owe1 their knowledge And skill to. This. Institute where they receive a good training for their future work. The help of the Institute to the medical workers of young Afro-Asian countries is not contined to the training of personnel.
A lot of literature and many films ate sent to these countries. Many foreign medical deligations have visited this Institute. In the past two, years alone 80 foreign specialists have been guests df this Institute. We and our foreign collegues have one purpose — to, save lives. That's why we doctors particularly cherish people's happiness and peace," Academician Alexander Vishnevsky said.
2.Читать и перевести текст из газеты со словарем : текст прилагается
3.Беседа на свободную тему
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия»МЗРД
БИЛЕТ № 1
для сдачи кандидатского экзамена по английскому языку
Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста на английском языке без словаря :
YELLOW FEVER
Yellow fever is an acute infectious disease of the tropics and the subtropics transmitted by mosquitoes.
Yellow fever is still a severe threat to the well-being of man in many parts of the world, especially in colonies and countries which are under the rule of capitalists.
Clinical diagnosis is known to usually rest upon sudden onset, fever, prostration, slow pulse in relation to body temperature, severe headache and backache, congestion of mucous membranes, black vomit, bleeding gums, and late jaundice, with brief duration of illness. Pronounced albuminuria and leucopenia are characteristic. A history of possible bites of infected mosquitoes is corroborative but absence of such or even failure to find "Aedes aegypti" mosquitoes in the vicinity does not necessarily exclude the diagnosis. Recovery from an attack of the disease is regularly followed by immunity, apparently for life. There is no natural immunity. Artificial immunity may be developed by the use of convalescent serum, the duration on this being brief. Artificial active immunity may be developed by the use of modified living virus and immune serum but the duration of this is uncertain.
2. Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста
на английском языке из газеты без словаря :
3. Беседа на свободную тему:
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия» МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №2
для сдачи кандидатского экзамена по английскому языку
Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста на английском языке без словаря :
Infectious diseases are known to be caused by the invasion and growth of microorganisms in the human body. Infection may result from direct contact with patients or from indirect one.
But the human organism is known to have a specific capacity of resistance against infection, which is called immunity, it being natural and artificial. Under various condition it may be entirely lacking, rarely it may be relative, may be absolute. A previous attack of an infections disease produces a more or less permanent protection its subsequent infection.
In the course of their growth in the body many pathogenic microorganisms produce virulent poisons or toxins, they causing the characteristic symptoms of a particular diseases. To meet the infection the cells of the body produce a chemical antidote which is specific for this particular infection and is known as an antitoxin. If the patient can produce a sufficient amount of this antidote to neutralize the toxins before the vital osgans are injured recovery If the human body had not this capacity we should suffer from all infectious diseases.
If the toxin can be isolated from bacterial cultures and injected into men an artificial immunity can be produced which results from the formation of antitoxin.
The cellular elements of the tissues also take an active part in the protection of the organism against the infection. The presence of any infection usually produces.
2. Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста
на английском языке из газеты без словаря :
3. Беседа на свободную тему:
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия»МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №3
для сдачи кандидатского экзамена по английскому языку Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста на английском языке без словаря :
STUDYING FOR SUCCESS
Success for perhaps the majority of students whether studying at home or at college, depends on attaining good results in both course work and exams. But what is the key to achieving success?
The lively and stimulating books offer a new approach to efficient study. Without minimizing the importance of good organization and hard work the researchers stress that study must and can be fun.
The books provide useful advice on writing, speed reading and taking notes. They offer numerous suggestions and techniques which enable students making maximum use of their time.
On any first reading, your chances of digesting more than 40% are slight.
Any advanced course demands a lot of reading — be it Science, Humanities, or even practical courses, speed reading making it more enjoyable and satisfying.
Instead of reading every word as a separate entity, try to read them as sets of words. Your reading the sentence "in blocks" reduces it from several to fewer separate foci. In short, you increase your speed fivefold at least.
Not only is this much faster: it is also more intelligent, as a consequence of reading concepts. Thus you will get the point of the author's writing much more quickly. Speedier reading is within everybody's capabilities, so is speedier understanding. And for any reader, let alone a serious one, that is always the chief goal.
2. Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста
на английском языке из газеты без словаря :
3. Беседа на свободную тему:
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия»МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №4
для сдачи кандидатского экзамена по английскому языку
Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста на английском языке без словаря :
WHITE RATS
The key to man's survival on earth seems to be the white rat. Most experiments being conducted these days to see what effect our environment has on human beings are first conducted on white rats. Only after we know what happens to white rats we take any action to protect lithe human race.
That nobody has bothered to find out how the rats feel about I this is a fact. In man's search for truth, a doctor visited a large {laboratory some nights ago and recorded what the white rats were saying to each other.
"Zelda, what have you been doing?" — "I've been taking monosodium glutamate. It's tasty, but it gives me headaches. Oh, Bobby will you stop coughing."
Bobby — "I can't help it. They have got me smoking a pack of cigarettes a day." — "Why don't you give them up?" — "I'd like to, but they won't let me."
Betina — "I'm proud to be associated with the air pollution project." — "How can you stand it?" — "It's not bad. Every day they drive me around New York City and I just breathe. If I die, they know the air pollution count is too high. If I live, I get to see the city." — "You are probably right, Betina. I volunteered for air pollution, but some computer assigned me for water pollution. I'm getting sick of drinking dirty river water every day."
2. Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста
на английском языке из газеты без словаря :
3. Беседа на свободную тему:
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия»МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №5
для сдачи кандидатского экзамена по английскому языку Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста на английском языке без словаря :
In its liquid state blood contains a fluid called plasma plus microscopically visible cellular elements — i) erythrocytes (red blood cells) of which 4,5 to 5 million are found in each cubic millimetre: the mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated red cells. 2) leucocytes (white blood cells) from 4,000 to 10,000 per cubic millimetre are of different types: leucocytes have nuclei. 3) thrombocytes (blood platelets) are much smaller fragments of protoplasm containing nuclear material About 400,000 platelets occur per cubic millimetre.
The plasma which is mostly water, also has a very complex chemical nature. It contains dissolved gases — oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. The proteins include albumin, globulin, and fibrihogen. The lipids include lecithin, fats and cholesterol. Carbohydrates are present as glucose, and blood also contains nitrogenous substances and inorganic salts. All these substances are fouod in varying quantities.
The plasma is the fluid portion of the blood before clotting has occurred. The serum isfc the fluid portion of blood remaining after the coagulation process is complete.
RED BLOOD CELLS
Red blood cells, called also efythrocytes are filled with a solution of a red material known as haemoglobin. They contain no nucleus and have lost the power of reproducing themselves. After an active life of 120 days they are destroyed. Red cells, when placed in solution whose salt concentration is less than that of the haemoglobin, take up water, swell and burst.
2. Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста
на английском языке из газеты без словаря :
3. Беседа на свободную тему:
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия»МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №6
для сдачи кандидатского экзамена по английскому языку Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста на английском языке без словаря :
In hepatitis the source of virus is a sick person who may spread the infection
By personal contact from the last days of the incubation period during the entire course of the disease. But the infection is particularly virulent in the prodromal period and in the first week of the disease. The patient's blood being highly infecfive, even a small dose of 0.1 ml may be dangerous for a person.
In case of Virus A hepatitis infection enters the body through the month when eating infected food or drinking water. In case of Virus В hepatitis infection enters parenterally during transfusions of blood, plasma and serum, prophylactic vaccinations or is due to inadecuately sterilized insturuments.
Epidemic (Virus A) hepatitis most commonly occurs late in autumn, early in winter, or in spring. The incubation period lasts from 14 days to 50 days, but in Virus B hepatitis it is from 2 to 6-8 months.
Botkin's disease causes inflammatory changes. Degeneration of hepatic cells and damage to the bile ducts due to which bile eaters the lymph flow and subsequently the blood. The tissues of the spleen, gallbladder and the пегvous and endocrine systems become involved simultaneously with the liver?
2. Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста
на английском языке из газеты без словаря :
3. Беседа на свободную тему:
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия» МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №7
для сдачи кандидатского экзамена по английскому языку Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста на английском языке без словаря :
I. M. SECHENOV
Ivan Michailovich Sechenov is the pioneer of physiology in Russia and one of the greatest scientists. I. M. Sechenov's experimental and theoretical researches are a rich source of inspiration for biologists. These works are the basis on which the physiological schools of Pavlov and Vedensky — the leading schools of the Soviet Union — have developed.
K. A. Timiriazev, in his book "The Awakening of Natural Sciences in Russia at the End of the XlXth Century" gives the following definition of the role played by Sechenov:,
"Just as our chemistry was built up by the joint labour of many talented chemists; or our descriptive biology in its modern form can be traced down to Zenkovsky; so does our physiology originate, from I. M. Sechenov. This striking personality and brilliant worker is undoubtedly one of the most characteristic figures of his time. No other physiologist possessed such a wide range of scientific achievements in his own personal research, beginning with the purely physical study of the solubility of gases and ending with the analysis of nervous processes and the strictly scientific examination of problems of psychology.
2. Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста
на английском языке из газеты без словаря :
3. Беседа на свободную тему:
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия» МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №8
для сдачи кандидатского экзамена по английскому языку Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста на английском языке без словаря :
As soon as the patient is admitted to the in-patient department the ward doctor fills in the patient's case history. It must include the information about the patient's parents — if they are living or not. If they died, the doctor must know at what age and of what causes they died. .The doctor must know if any of the family has ever been ill with tuberculosis or has had any mental or emotional impairments. This information composes the family history.
The patient's medical history must include the information about the diseases which the patient had both being a child and an adult, about the operations which were performed, about any traumas he had. The patient's blood group and his sensitivity to antibiotics must be determined and the obtained information written down in the case history. These findings compose - the past history.
The attending doctor (лечащий врач) must know what the patient's complaints and symptoms are. He must know how long and how often the patient has had these complaints.
The information on the physical examination of the patient on his admission to the hospital, the results of all the laboratory tests and X-ray examinations, the description of. the course of the disease with any changes in the symptoms and the condition of the patient, the administered medicines in their exact doses and the produced effect of the treatment — all these findings which compose the history of the present illness must always be written down in the case history
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия» МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №9
для сдачи кандидатского экзамена по английскому языку Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста на английском языке без словаря :
That medical education has been a subject of intensive debate and one of the greatest challenges is noted all over the world in recent years
Medical education has become a lifetime study and the practising physician owes it to society to become technically competent in his field and to remain so.
That an internship be required as part of the regular medical education was demanded by the Council on Medical Education in 1905. An internship was demanded for the M D degree and for a medical licence in some states. It was in 1937 that postgraduate courses appeared and since that time these programmes of continuing medical education have grown intensively, their importance need not be stressed
Nothing equals the quality of experience gained by a resident or fellow almost daily at a medical centre. When experienced and in experienced physicians work together on a problem is the best clinical education. What is needed is an arrangement when practising physicians can return to a medical centre full-time for a month every year or so.
2. Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста
на английском языке из газеты без словаря :
3. Беседа на свободную тему:
ГБОУ ВО «Дагестанская государственная медицинская академия» МЗРД
БИЛЕТ №10
для сдачи кандидатского экзамена по английскому языку Утверждаю
Зав. кафедрой, проф.
1.Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста на английском языке без словаря :
The average temperature of the blood stream in a normal resting person is somewhere just under 37°C but this cannot be directly measured without inserting special apparatus into a large blood vessel, so for practical purposes we rely in the value obtained bv putting a clinical thermometer under the tongue with the mouth shut. In this situation the thermometer is close to the blood vessels supplying the tongue and in a close cavity inside the body.
The mouth temperature varies very considerably in different people and at different times of the day. The oral temperature is usually lowest in the early morning and highest in the evening. The temperature rises after a meal when additional heat is produced by the processing of food and dm ing exercise. A rise of temperature is a feature of certain diseases, and is known as fever.
Heat is produced in the body by the chemical reactions which it performs and by muscular exercise. Heat is lost through the skin and the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. The processes involved are the familiar physical ones of radiation, conduction and the vapourisation of water. The temperature of the skin is always Intermediate between the temperature of the blood and - the temperature of the outside environment. The surface of the skin is kept moistened by the activity of the sweat glands and the evaporation of this sweat cools the body.
2. Читать, перевести и передать содержание текста
на английском языке из газеты без словаря :
3. Беседа на свободную тему:
